Papers by Liliane Schoofs
PLoS ONE, 2011
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Peptides, 2003
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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2005
Here, we report the identification of proteins associated with the immune response of Drosophila ... more Here, we report the identification of proteins associated with the immune response of Drosophila by analyzing the hemolymph profiles after infection. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis was used to study the secretome in the hemolymph of Drosophila larvae. Shortly after induction with lipopolysaccharides, we identified 10 proteins, which we designated "Drosophila instantly released immune proteins". Infection with Micrococcus luteus or Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced 20 and 19 differential protein spots, respectively. Next to known immune proteins, new candidates that require further investigation were identified.
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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2009
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Peptides, 2002
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Members of the cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin family of pep- tides, including the arthropod sulfak... more Members of the cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin family of pep- tides, including the arthropod sulfakinins, and their cognate receptors, play an important role in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Despite many efforts after the discovery of CCK/gastrin immunoreactivity in nematodes 23 yr ago, the identity of these nematode CCK/gastrin-related peptides has remained a mystery ever since. The Caenorhab- ditis
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Journal of Molecular Biology, 2015
-Omics data have become indispensable to systems biology, which aims to describe the full complex... more -Omics data have become indispensable to systems biology, which aims to describe the full complexity of functional cells, tissues, organs and organisms. Generating vast amounts of data via such methods, researchers have invested in ways of handling and interpreting these. From the large volumes of -omics data that have been gathered over the years, it is clear that the information derived from one -ome is usually far from complete. Now, individual techniques and methods for integration are maturing to the point that researchers can focus on network-based integration rather than simply interpreting single -ome studies. This review evaluates the application of integrated -omics approaches with a focus on Caenorhabditiselegans studies, intending to direct researchers in this field to useful databases and inspiring examples.
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PloS one, 2015
In quantitative shotgun proteomic analyses by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, a rigi... more In quantitative shotgun proteomic analyses by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, a rigid study design is necessary in order to obtain statistically relevant results. Hypothesis testing, sample size calculation and power estimation are fundamental concepts that require consideration upon designing an experiment. For this reason, the reproducibility and variability of the proteomic platform needs to be assessed. In this study, we evaluate the technical (sample preparation), labeling (isobaric labels), and total (biological + technical + labeling + experimental) variability and reproducibility of a workflow that employs a shotgun LC-MS/MS approach in combination with TMT peptide labeling for the quantification of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proteome. We illustrate that the variability induced by TMT labeling is small when compared to the technical variation. The latter is also responsible for a substantial part of the total variation. Prior knowledge about the ex...
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Peptides, Jan 4, 2014
The paradigm saying that release of the brain neuropeptide big prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) ... more The paradigm saying that release of the brain neuropeptide big prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) initiates metamorphosis by activating the Torso-receptor/ERK pathway in larval prothoracic glands (PGs) is widely accepted nowadays. Upon ligand-receptor interaction Ca(2+) enters the PG cells and acts as a secondary messenger. Ecdysteroidogenesis results, later followed by apoptosis. Yet, some data do not fit in this model. In some species decapitated animals can still molt, even repeatedly, and metamorphose. PTTH does not universally occur in all insect species. PGs may also have other functions; PGs as counterpart of the vertebrate thymus? There are also small PTTHs. Finally, PTTH remains abundantly present in adults and plays a role in control of ecdysteroidogenesis (=sex steroid production) in gonads. This is currently documented only in males. This urges a rethinking of the PTTH-PG paradigm. The key question is: Why does PTTH-induced Ca(2+) entry only result in ecdysteroidogenesis ...
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Expert opinion on drug discovery, 2008
Because of their wide range of functions, endogenous peptides have great potential either as drug... more Because of their wide range of functions, endogenous peptides have great potential either as drugs themselves or as drug targets. To provide an overview of the current use of peptides as drugs (targets) and describe how improvements in peptide biochemistry and the application of peptidomics studies can lead to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. We discuss the different peptidomics technologies and their application in the study of human and animal disease models, animal venoms, antimicrobial peptides, G-protein-coupled receptor ligands and biomarkers. At present, peptide drugs represent a small but growing number of pharmaceutical molecules. The peptidomics methodology, which was introduced 7 years ago to study naturally occurring peptides, will lead to a plethora of new peptide drug leads.
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Trends in parasitology, 2009
Neuropeptides are small messenger molecules that can be found in all metazoans, where they govern... more Neuropeptides are small messenger molecules that can be found in all metazoans, where they govern a diverse array of physiological processes. Because neuropeptides seem to be conserved among pest species, selected peptides can be considered as attractive targets for drug discovery. Much can be learned from the model system Caenorhabditis elegans because of the availability of a sequenced genome and state-of-the-art postgenomic technologies that enable characterization of endogenous peptides derived from neuropeptide-like protein (NLP) precursors. Here, we provide an overview of the NLP peptide family in C. elegans and discuss their resemblance with arthropod neuropeptides and their relevance for anthelmintic discovery.
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BMC genomics, 2006
For holometabolous insects there has been an explosion of proteomic and peptidomic information th... more For holometabolous insects there has been an explosion of proteomic and peptidomic information thanks to large genome sequencing projects. Heterometabolous insects, although comprising many important species, have been far less studied. The migratory locust Locusta migratoria, a heterometabolous insect, is one of the most infamous agricultural pests. They undergo a well-known and profound phase transition from the relatively harmless solitary form to a ferocious gregarious form. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of this phase transition are not fully understood, but it is undoubtedly that neuropeptides are involved. However, neuropeptide research in locusts is hampered by the absence of genomic information. Recently, EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) databases from Locusta migratoria were constructed. Using bioinformatical tools, we searched these EST databases specifically for neuropeptide precursors. Based on known locust neuropeptide sequences, we confirmed the sequence of several ...
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European journal of biochemistry / FEBS, 2000
Three novel members of the periviscerokinin family could be identified directly from extracts of ... more Three novel members of the periviscerokinin family could be identified directly from extracts of single abdominal perisympathetic organs of blaberoid cockroaches by means of electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight (ESI-QTOF) MS. Sequences of these periviscerokinins were confirmed by Edman degradation. Their primary structures are GSSGLIPFGRT-NH2 (Lem-PVK-1), GSSGLISMPRV-NH2 (Lem-PVK-2), and GSSGMIPFPRV-NH2 (Lem-PVK-3). Hitherto only known from the American cockroach, this neuropeptide family contains a highly conserved N-terminus whereas, at the C-terminus, only the penultimate amino-acid residue (Arg) has been found in all members of this peptide family. The identified periviscerokinins are the only abundant myoactive peptides in abdominal perisympathetic organs of blaberoid cockroches and they appear to be absent in the retrocerebral complex. Screening of extracts of single abdominal perisympathetic organs (70-90 microm in diameter), from five different species of the su...
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Regulatory peptides, Jan 17, 1996
An octapeptide was isolated from 7000 brains of the desert locust. Schistocerca gregaria by scree... more An octapeptide was isolated from 7000 brains of the desert locust. Schistocerca gregaria by screening of HPLC fractions using a RIA for Dip-AST-2 (allatostatin-2 from the cockroach). Maldi-TOF-MS revealed a mass of 921.4 Da. The primary structure of the peptide is LPVYNFGL-NH2. It is identical to the C-terminal portion of schistostatin-2 from Schistocerca gregaria. Therefore, it was designated Scg-AST-2(11-18). The chromatographic properties of the synthetic peptide are identical to these of the native peptide. The peptide is a truncated product of Scg-AST-2, suggesting that an endopeptidase which cleaves between Arg and Leu is present in the brain complex of S. gregaria. Although, Scg-AST-2(11-18) contains the same C-terminus as Dip-AST-2, it has no inhibitory activity on the corpora allata (CA) of 2-day-old virgin females of D. punctata. This suggests that Scg-AST2 (11-18) may be the result of a proteolytic inactivation mechanism and/or that it may be involved in stage-dependent d...
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Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Physiology, 1995
A polyclonal antibody raised against locustamyoinhibin (Lom-MIH), a myoinhibiting neuropeptide of... more A polyclonal antibody raised against locustamyoinhibin (Lom-MIH), a myoinhibiting neuropeptide of the locust Locusta migratoria, was used to search for locustamyoinhibin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the gray fleshfly, Neobellieria bullata, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae and the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae. In L. maderea, immunoreactive cells are present in the pars intercerebralis (PI), in nerve fibers leading to the corpus cardiacum (CC) and in the CC themselves. In N. bullata, three groups of cells are positive: one in the PI, one in the pars lateralis and one in the suboesophageal ganglion. In M. brassicae, there are only positive cells in the PI. No immunoreactivity was found in L. decemlineata. These results indicate that the presence of Lom-MIH immuno-like molecules is not restricted to the orthopterans, and that they can be localized in different parts of the head ganglia.
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Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1990
1. The 4K-prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) or bombyxin and the melanization-reddish coloration h... more 1. The 4K-prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) or bombyxin and the melanization-reddish coloration hormone of the silkworm Bombyx mori resemble insulin and insulin-like growth factors. 2. The family of adipokinetic/red pigment concentrating hormones has some similarity with glucagon. 3. Members of the FMRFamide family are found in vertebrates as well as in invertebrates. 4. In Locusta, a molecule immunologically and biologically related to amphibian melanophore stimulating hormone has been partially characterized. 5. Enkephalins and enkephalin-related peptides occur in insects and other invertebrates. 6. Peptides belonging to the tachykinin family have been isolated from molluscan (Octopus) salivary glands and from insect nervous tissue (Locusta migratoria). 7. Invertebrate arginine-vasotocin homologs have been isolated from an insect (Locusta migratoria) and from a mollusc (Conus). 8. In Leucophaea, Locusta and Drosophila, peptides resembling those of the vertebrate gastrin/cholecysto...
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Regulatory peptides, Jan 10, 1990
Two myotropic peptides termed locustatachykinin III and IV were isolated from 9000 brain-corpora ... more Two myotropic peptides termed locustatachykinin III and IV were isolated from 9000 brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata-suboesophageal ganglion extracts of the locust, Locusta migratoria. The primary structures of Lom-TK III and IV were established as amidated decapeptides: Ala-Pro-Gln-Ala-Gly-Phe-Tyr-Gly-Val-Arg-NH2 (Lom-TK III) and Ala-Pro-Ser-Leu-Gly-Phe-His-Gly-Val-Arg-NH2 (Lom-TK IV). The locustatachykinins were synthesized and shown to have chromatographic and biological properties identical with those of the native materials. They stimulate visceral muscle contractions of the oviduct and the foregut of Locusta migratoria and of the hindgut of Leucophaea maderae. Both peptides exhibit sequence homologies with the vertebrate tachykinins. Sequence similarity is greater with the fish and amphibian tachykinins (up to 40%) than with the mammalian tachykinins. In addition, the intestinal and oviducal myotropic activity of the locustatachykinins is analogous to that of vertebrate ta...
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Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 1992
1. An amidated decapeptide, showing strong inhibitory activity of spontaneous visceral muscle mov... more 1. An amidated decapeptide, showing strong inhibitory activity of spontaneous visceral muscle movement was isolated, from head extracts of 42 thousand fleshflies, Neobellieria bullata (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). 2. Amino acid sequencing and verification by peptide synthesis revealed the following primary structure: Thr-Asp-Val-Asp-His-Val-Phe-Leu-Arg-PheNH2. 3. The novel peptide was termed neomyosuppressin or Neb-MS. 4. During the process of consecutive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purifications the biological activity of the samples was monitored using heterologous bioassay system. 5. The threshold level of synthetic Neb-MS was found to be 8.6 +/- 0.5 x 10(-11) M on the Leucophaea hindgut and 3.4 +/- 0.5 x 10(-10) M on the Locusta oviduct bioassay, respectively.
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Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society
Despite decades of research, no early-onset biomarkers are currently available for Alzheimer'... more Despite decades of research, no early-onset biomarkers are currently available for Alzheimer's disease, a cureless neurodegenerative disease afflicting millions worldwide. In this study, transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans were used to investigate changes in the metabolome after induced expression of amyloid-β. GC- and LC-MS-based platforms determined a total of 157 differential features. Some of these were identified using in-house (GC-MS) or public libraries (LC-MS), revealing changes in allantoin, cystathionine and tyrosine levels. Since C. elegans is far better suited to metabolomics studies than most other model systems, the accordance of these findings with vertebrate literature is promising and argues for further use of C. elegans as a model of human pathology in the study of AD.
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Papers by Liliane Schoofs