Mechanical Engineering

Melanogenesis is a complex multistep process of high molecular weight melanins production by hydroxylation and polymerization of polyphenols. Melanins have a wide range of applications other than being a sun-protection pigment. Melanogenesis pathway exists from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. It has evolved over years owing to the fact that the melanin pigment has different roles in diverse taxa of organisms. Melanin plays a pivotal role in the existence of certain bacteria and fungi whereas in higher organisms it is a measure of protection against the harmful radiation. We have done a detailed study on various pathways known for melanin synthesis across species. It was divulged that melanin production is not restricted to tyrosine but there are other secondary metabolites that synthesize melanin in lower organisms. Furthermore the phylogenetic study of these paths was done to understand their molecular and cellular development. It has revealed that the melanin synthesis paths have co-evolved in several groups of organisms. In this study, we also introduce a method for the comparative analysis of a metabolic pathway to study its evolution based on similarity between enzymatic reactions.

Creating a breeze in a space is necessary to enhance convective heat transfer and accordingly body heat dissipation. In most tropical countries fan are extensively used to create indoor breeze, improve the space air distribution and hence enhance the feeling of comfort. The fan speed, diameter, number of blades, blade angle and location, all play an important role in determining the induced flow pattern features in the space. In present work analytical calculations are performed to calculate the coefficient of performance, estimate the net air flow per unit power input for four different blade materials namely steel, aluminium, GFRP composite and PVC. The ceiling fan model is created in CREO elements/Pro 5.0 and the whole geometry is imported into ANSYS CFX. Profile GM 15 airfoil is selected for the blade analysis. The ceiling fan simulation is done for the entire fan model including blade behaviour due to aerodynamic lift and drag forces which also accompanied by bending stresses and deflection. The comparisons for the combined loads are studied for better stability and performance of the blade for different materials. ANSYS APDL software is used to do the structural and modal analysis. At last, the monthly and yearly power consumption by ceiling fan for different blade materials is also calculated.

Diabetes is a consequential human ailment afflicting a significant population in many countries across the world. In India, it is turning out to be a major health quandary, especially in urban areas. Though there are various approaches to reduce the ill-effects of diabetes and its secondary complications, herbal formulations are preferred due to lesser side-effects and low cost. Traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants are utilized by about 60% of the world’s population. This review focuses on Indian herbal drugs and medicinal plants utilized in the treatment of diabetes, especially in India.

Nanofluids are dilute colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid that show excellent enhancement in heat transfer performance in various applications. However, nanofluids preparation and stabilization are indeed a matter of concern since the properties of nanofluids are dependent on the stability of the suspensions. For the last decade numerous research and development works have been done on the preparation and stability of such materials. In this contribution, a brief review has been presented to provide an update on the synthesis of nanoparticles and preparation of stationary nanofluids. Various types of nanoparticles with different base fluids are investigated.

Among the thermo physical properties of the nano fluids thermal conductivity is the key property which depends on the pertinent parameters of nanoparticles material, volume fraction, size, aspect ratio, base fluid thermo physical properties, temperature, and surfactant. Over last decades, numerous works have reported the higher thermal conductivity of nano fluids than that of the conventional heat transfer fluids with the reason of random motion of nanoparticles and a number of numerical and theoretical models have been proposed. In this article, the current state of knowledge on the several thermal conductivity measurement techniques employed by the researchers along with the factors affecting the thermal conductivity of nano fluids have been presented. This review leads to some directions for future research in nano fluids.

The present research work is an attempt to capture the issues in implementation of Lean Manufacturing and improve understanding with the Lean philosophy in small and medium enterprises. The work also attempts to document the issues such as barriers and critical success factors during lean implementation. An effort has been made to list out the benefits of implementation of Lean, and to highlight the major issues that affect the performance of an organization through a systematic literature review. The methodology includes focusing and reviewing the key research papers on Lean Manufacturing in small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

The Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of all the major economies around the world. Majority of these industries are facing tough environment for existence. The present study explored the most common and easily implementable Lean Tools/Techniques amongst the SMEs. This has been achieved via a detailed survey of SMEs in India. Study concludes with nine most common Lean Tools/Techniques implemented across the surveyed population of Indian SMEs.

Lean practices are implemented in manufacturing companies and services to find hidden waste and attain continuous improvement. Various enterprises have experienced difficulties in the Lean implementation. Following the use of appropriate lean instruments and techniques, there are many other factors that affect success lean implementation process. Researchers have identified a huge number of barriers to implementation of Lean. Understanding the barriers and the interactions between them can be crucial to the success of lean implementation. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is one of the established methodologies to bring forward the interrelationships among parameters of an issue or a problem. Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to create the hierarchy of the various barriers to Lean Implementation according to their importance using the approach of ISM to facilitate Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) across India. The study is specific to the Small and Medium Enterprises (SM...

To improve the reputation and customer loyalty, a benchmarking analysis is being carried out, which influences the perception of the service quality for banks. With the expansion of competitive interactions, the results can serve as a strategic tool to gain competitive advantage and customer satisfaction. Banks reveal the expectations and expectations of customers regarding the quality of selected services. The process creates and expands its reputation and builds customer loyalty. This research aims to compare the perception of the quality of four leading banks with logical comparisons.

Lean practices are implemented in manufacturing enterprises to find hidden waste and attain continuous improvement. Various enterprises have experienced benefits owing to the Lean implementation. Following the use of appropriate lean instruments and techniques, there are many factors that affect successful lean implementation process. Researchers have identified a large number of these success factors to implementation of Lean. Understanding these enablers and the interactions between them can be crucial to the success of lean implementation. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is one of the established methodologies to bring forward the interrelationships among parameters of an issue or a problem. The purpose of this paper is to create the hierarchy of the various success factors to Lean Implementation according to their importance using the approach of ISM to facilitate Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) across India.

Lean practices are implemented in manufacturing enterprises to find hidden waste and attain continuous improvement. Various enterprises have experienced benefits owing to the Lean implementation. Following the use of appropriate lean instruments and techniques, there are many factors that affect successful lean implementation process. Researchers have identified a large number of these success factors to implementation of Lean. Understanding these enablers and the interactions between them can be crucial to the success of lean implementation. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is one of the established methodologies to bring forward the interrelationships among parameters of an issue or a problem. The purpose of this paper is to create the hierarchy of the various success factors to Lean Implementation according to their importance using the approach of ISM to facilitate Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) across India.

Abstracts -In a free enterprise system, with competition at full play, success in business over the long term hinges on continually offering the customer the best value for the price. Competition, in other words, determines in what direction one must go, in setting the value content in order for a product or a service to be competitive. This best value is determined by two considerations: performance and cost. Value analysis helps in identifying unnecessary costs of any product by focusing on the product function. Using creative ideas invariably minimizes unnecessary costs even if it does not eliminate them totally. This paper addresses the application of value analysis concepts for cost reduction in the galvanization process. By this paper we can see that how we can use value analysis concept for solving the problem of any type with the best suitable option of reducing the cost of galvanization to the best possible extent. In short, Value analysis is versatile and a systematic way solve to many problems related to any aspect of manufacture, such as quality, production, maintenance, parts availability and many others. It directly contributes to improvement of operating performance and reduced costs.

In a free enterprise system, with competition at full play, success in business over the long term hinges on continually offering the customer the best value for the price. Competition, in other words, determines in what direction one must go, in setting the value content in order for a product or a service to be competitive. This best value is determined by two considerations: performance and cost. Value analysis helps in identifying unnecessary costs of any product by focusing on the product function. Using creative ideas invariably minimizes unnecessary costs even if it does not eliminate them totally. This paper addresses the application of value analysis concepts for cost reduction in the galvanization process. By this paper we can see that how we can use value analysis concept for solving the problem of any type with the best suitable option of reducing the cost of galvanization to the best possible extent. In short, Value analysis is versatile and a systematic way solve to many problems related to any aspect of manufacture, such as quality, production, maintenance, parts availability and many others. It directly contributes to improvement of operating performance and reduced costs

In today's cut throat competitive scenario the fundamental management task is to give right direction and take right decisions for better quality in organization for the sustaining and existence. This can be accomplished through the better quality control system, yet many organizations never invest their time to understand how their management system really works. To stay in today's globalize competitive market the implementation of quality circle concepts is very much useful.

Increasing globalization, diversity of the product range and increasing customer awareness are making the market highly competitive thereby forcing different supply chains to adapt to different stimuli on a continuous basis. It is also well recognized that overall supply chain focus should be given an overriding priority over the individual goals of the players, if one were to improve overall supply chain surplus. Therefore, supply chain performance has attracted researcher’s attention. A variety of soft computing techniques have been employed to improve effectiveness and efficiency in various aspects of supply chain management. The aim of this paper is to summarize the findings of existing research concerning the application of soft computing techniques to supply chain management.