Isotopen van tin
Het chemisch element tin (Sn), met een atoommassa van 118,710 u, bezit 10 stabiele isotopen: 112Sn, 114Sn, 115Sn, 116Sn, 117Sn, 118Sn, 119Sn, 120Sn, 122Sn en 124Sn, waarvan 120Sn het meest abundant is (ongeveer 32,5%). De overige 29 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde). Tin is het element met het hoogste aantal stabiele isotopen. Dit hangt samen met het feit dat 50 (het aantal protonen) een magisch getal is.
De kortstlevende isotoop van tin is 99Sn, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 5 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 126Sn, met een halfwaardetijd van 230.000 jaar.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 99Sn | 50 | 49 | 98,94933(64) | 5 ms | 9/2+ | ||||
| 100Sn | 50 | 50 | 99,93904(76) | 1,1(4) s | β+ (83%) | 100In | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (17%) | 99Cd | ||||||||
| 101Sn | 50 | 51 | 100,93606(32) | 3(1) s | β+ | 101In | 5/2+ | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 100Cd | ||||||||
| 102Sn | 50 | 52 | 101,93030(14) | 4,5(7) s | β+ | 102In | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 101Cd | ||||||||
| 102mSn | 2017(2) keV | 720(220) ns | (6+) | ||||||
| 103Sn | 50 | 53 | 102,92810(32) | 7,0(6) s | β+ | 103In | 5/2+ | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 102Cd | ||||||||
| 104Sn | 50 | 54 | 103,92314(11) | 20,8(5) s | β+ | 104In | 0+ | ||
| 105Sn | 50 | 55 | 104,92135(9) | 34(1) s | β+ | 105In | (5/2+) | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 105Cd | ||||||||
| 106Sn | 50 | 56 | 105,91688(5) | 115(5) s | β+ | 106In | 0+ | ||
| 107Sn | 50 | 57 | 106,91564(9) | 2,90(5) min | β+ | 107In | (5/2+) | ||
| 108Sn | 50 | 58 | 107,911925(21) | 10,30(8) min | β+ | 108In | 0+ | ||
| 109Sn | 50 | 59 | 108,911283(11) | 18,0(2) min | β+ | 109In | 5/2+ | ||
| 110Sn | 50 | 60 | 109,907843(15) | 4,11(10) uur | EV | 110In | 0+ | ||
| 111Sn | 50 | 61 | 110,907734(7) | 35,3(6) min | β+ | 111In | 7/2+ | ||
| 111mSn | 254,72(8) keV | 12,5(10) µs | 1/2+ | ||||||
| 112Sn | 50 | 62 | 111,904818(5) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0097(1) | |||
| 113Sn | 50 | 63 | 112,905171(4) | 115,09(3) dagen | β+ | 113In | 1/2+ | ||
| 113mSn | 77,386(19) keV | 21,4(4) min | IT (91,1%) | 113Sn | 7/2+ | ||||
| β+ (8,9%) | 113In | ||||||||
| 114Sn | 50 | 64 | 113,902779(3) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0066(1) | |||
| 114mSn | 3087,37(7) keV | 733(14) ns | 7− | ||||||
| 115Sn | 50 | 65 | 114,903342(3) | stabiel | 1/2+ | 0,0034(1) | |||
| 115m1Sn | 612,81(4) keV | 3,26(8) µs | 7/2+ | ||||||
| 115m2Sn | 713,64(12) keV | 159(1) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
| 116Sn | 50 | 66 | 115,901741(3) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,1454(9) | |||
| 117Sn | 50 | 67 | 116,902952(3) | stabiel | 1/2+ | 0,0768(7) | |||
| 117m1Sn | 314,58(4) keV | 13,76(4) dagen | IT | 117Sn | 11/2− | ||||
| 117m2Sn | 2406,4(4) keV | 1,75(7) µs | (19/2+) | ||||||
| 118Sn | 50 | 68 | 117,901603(3) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,2422(9) | |||
| 119Sn | 50 | 69 | 118,903308(3) | stabiel | 1/2+ | 0,0859(4) | |||
| 119m1Sn | 89,531(13) keV | 293,1(7) dagen | IT | 119Sn | 11/2− | ||||
| 119m2Sn | 2127,0(10) keV | 9,6(12) µs | (19/2+) | ||||||
| 120Sn | 50 | 70 | 119,9021947(27) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,3258(9) | |||
| 120m1Sn | 2481,63(6) keV | 11,8(5) µs | (7−) | ||||||
| 120m2Sn | 2902,22(22) keV | 6,26(11) µs | (10+) | ||||||
| 121Sn | 50 | 71 | 120,9042355(27) | 27,03(4) uur | β− | 121Sb | 3/2+ | ||
| 121m1Sn | 6,30(6) keV | 43,9(5) jaar | IT (77,6%) | 121Sn | 11/2− | ||||
| β− (22,4%) | 121Sb | ||||||||
| 121m2Sn | 1998,8(9) keV | 5,3(5) µs | (19/2+) | ||||||
| 121m3Sn | 2834,6(18) keV | 0,167(25) µs | (27/2−) | ||||||
| 122Sn | 50 | 72 | 121,9034390(29) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0463(3) | |||
| 123Sn | 50 | 73 | 122,9057208(29) | 129,2(4) dagen | β− | 123Sb | 11/2− | ||
| 123m1Sn | 24,6(4) keV | 40,06(1) min | β− | 123Sb | 3/2+ | ||||
| 123m2Sn | 1945,0(10) keV | 7,4(26) µs | (19/2+) | ||||||
| 123m3Sn | 2153,0(12) keV | 6 µs | (23/2+) | ||||||
| 123m4Sn | 2713,0(14) keV | 34 µs | (27/2−) | ||||||
| 124Sn | 50 | 74 | 123,9052739(15) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0579(5) | |||
| 124m1Sn | 2204,622(23) keV | 0,27(6) µs | 5− | ||||||
| 124m2Sn | 2325,01(4) keV | 3,1(5) µs | 7− | ||||||
| 124m3Sn | 2656,6(5) keV | 45(5) µs | (10+) | ||||||
| 125Sn | 50 | 75 | 124,9077841(16) | 9,64(3) dagen | β− | 125Sb | 11/2− | ||
| 125mSn | 27,50(14) keV | 9,52(5) min | 3/2+ | ||||||
| 126Sn | 50 | 76 | 125,907653(11) | 2,30(14) × 105 jaar | β− (66,5%) | 126m2Sb | 0+ | ||
| β− (33,5%) | 126m1Sb | ||||||||
| 126m1Sn | 2218,99(8) keV | 6,6(14) µs | 7− | ||||||
| 126m2Sn | 2564,5(5) keV | 7,7(5) µs | (10+) | ||||||
| 127Sn | 50 | 77 | 126,910360(26) | 2,10(4) uur | β− | 127Sb | (11/2−) | ||
| 127mSn | 4,7(3) keV | 4,13(3) min | β− | 127Sb | (3/2+) | ||||
| 128Sn | 50 | 78 | 127,910537(29) | 59,07(14) min | β− | 128Sb | 0+ | ||
| 128mSn | 2091,50(11) keV | 6,5(5) s | IT | 128Sn | (7−) | ||||
| 129Sn | 50 | 79 | 128,91348(3) | 2,23(4) min | β− | 129Sb | (3/2+) | ||
| 129mSn | 35,2(3) keV | 6,9(1) min | β− (99,99%) | 129Sb | (11/2−) | ||||
| IT (0,002%) | 129Sn | ||||||||
| 130Sn | 50 | 80 | 129,913967(11) | 3,72(7) min | β− | 130Sb | 0+ | ||
| 130m1Sn | 1946,88(10) keV | 1,7(1) min | β− | 130Sb | (7−) | ||||
| 130m2Sn | 2434,79(12) keV | 1,61(15) µs | (10+) | ||||||
| 131Sn | 50 | 81 | 130,917000(23) | 56,0(5) s | β− | 131Sb | (3/2+) | ||
| 131m1Sn | 80(30) keV | 58,4(5) s | β− (99,99%) | 131Sb | (11/2−) | ||||
| IT (0,0004%) | 131Sn | ||||||||
| 131m2Sn | 4846,7(9) keV | 300(20) ns | (19/2− tot 23/2−) | ||||||
| 132Sn | 50 | 82 | 131,917816(15) | 39,7(8) s | β− | 132Sb | 0+ | ||
| 133Sn | 50 | 83 | 132,92383(4) | 1,45(3) s | β− (99,97%) | 133Sb | (7/2−) | ||
| β−, n (0,0294%) | 132Sb | ||||||||
| 134Sn | 50 | 84 | 133,92829(11) | 1,050(11) s | β− (83%) | 134Sb | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (17%) | 133Sb | ||||||||
| 135Sn | 50 | 85 | 134,93473(43) | 530(20) ms | β− | 135Sb | (7/2−) | ||
| β−, n | 134Sb | ||||||||
| 136Sn | 50 | 86 | 135,93934(54) | 0,25(3) s | β− | 136Sb | 0+ | ||
| β−, n | 135Sb | ||||||||
| 137Sn | 50 | 87 | 136,94599(64) | 190(60) ms | β− | 137Sb | 5/2− | ||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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