International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2016
Transgenerational immune priming in insects has proven to be effective in producing offsprings th... more Transgenerational immune priming in insects has proven to be effective in producing offsprings that have a superior immune system. The studies have also indicated at the possibility of paternal immune priming, where the male transfers its immunity to the offspring. As a result the immune molecules present in the offspring will be specific to not only the microbes that challenged the mother but also to those that immune challenged the father. The aim of this review article is to explore the possible application of transgenerational immune priming (maternal/paternal/bi-parental) in aquaculture as a method to combat disease outbreaks. The studies reviewed in this article conclude that immune priming has led to healthier offsprings in case of pipefish where both paternal and maternal immune priming was observed. Thus Transgenerational immune priming can be used as an alternative method in aquaculture based on the knowledge of exposing the dominant parent to the prevalent infectious thre...
The aim of this article is to study the relationship between fast food items like French fries, c... more The aim of this article is to study the relationship between fast food items like French fries, chips, pickles and cancer. This article focuses on acrylamide, nitrosamines, perfluorooctanoicacid, aspartame and fats and their role in carcinogenicity. Various studies conducted over the years is reviewed and a summarization of their findings is done in order to identify future research needs.
Marine sponges are animals belonging to the Phylum Porifera. They are well known for its medicina... more Marine sponges are animals belonging to the Phylum Porifera. They are well known for its medicinal value. However, to prove its efficiency for the clinical utilization, more experimental data will be beneficial. The present study involved the investigation of immunomodulatory activities of methanolic extract of marine sponge Spongosorites halichondriodes from western coast of India. The extract was studied for acute toxicity (OECD-425 guideline), Haemagglutinating antibody (HA) titre, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression for their immunomodulatory potential. The evaluation of immunomodulatory potential by oral administration of methanolic extract of marine sponge (200 mg/kg) evoked a significant decrease in total WBC count as compared to control, in antibody titre values, and also in delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. Also it prevented myelosuppression in cyclophosphamide drug treated rats. T...
Aim: Individuals with disabilities have an increased caries risk mainly owing to impaired oral cl... more Aim: Individuals with disabilities have an increased caries risk mainly owing to impaired oral clearance, inappropriate food choices, difficulties in oral hygiene routines including use of fluorides, and low overall understanding of healthy behaviour. Although individuals with disabilities have an urgent need of effective preventive measures, their ability to accomplish such measures themselves is severely limited. Objectives: This paper reviews methods and products adapted to cognitive, intellectual and physical disabilities intended to prevent dental caries. Results: Training programmes that stimulate oral motor function and oral sensory perception can improve oral clearance. Frequency of meals and choices of food can be influenced by increased knowledge among care staff and the individuals themselves. Different kinds of cognitive support can also enable people with disabilities to independently make healthy food choices, and cognitive support and assistive devices can facilitate oral hygiene and use of fluorides. Impaired oral clearance leads to increased caries risk but, at the same time, increases the effect of fluorides. Tooth brushing with toothpaste is a population-based strategy used by most people. When supplemental fluoride is needed more frequent use of tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste or a higher concentration of fluoride becomes a useful method, well known by people with disabilities and care staff. Conclusions: Adaptation of products and methods to the individual impairment accords with a person's rights to autonomy and independence, and implies empowerment for people with disabilities.
Background: The only conclusive way to diagnose Alzheimer’s is to carry out brain autopsy of the ... more Background: The only conclusive way to diagnose Alzheimer’s is to carry out brain autopsy of the patient’s brain tissue and ascertain whether the subject had Alzheimer’s or any other form of dementia. However, due to the non-feasibility of such methods, to diagnose and conclude the conditions, medical practitioners use tests that examine a patient’s mental ability. Objective: Accurate diagnosis at an early stage is the need of the hour for initiation of therapy. The cause for most Alzheimer’s cases still remains unknown except where genetic distinctions have been observed. Thus, a standard drug regimen ensues in every Alzheimer’s patient, irrespective of the cause, which may not always be beneficial in halting or reversing the disease progression. To provide a better life to such patients by suppressing existing symptoms, early diagnosis, curative therapy, site-specific delivery of drugs, and application of hyphenated methods like artificial intelligence need to be brought into the ...
Background: Many anticancer drugs have been developed for clinical usage till now, but the major ... more Background: Many anticancer drugs have been developed for clinical usage till now, but the major problem is the development of drug-resistance over a period of time in the treatment of cancer. Anticancer drugs produce huge adverse effects, ultimately leading to death of the patient. Researchers have been focusing on development of novel molecules with higher efficacy and lower toxicity; the anti-malarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives have exhibited cytotoxic effects. Methods: We have done extensive literature search for artemisinin for its new role as anti-cancer agent for future treatment. Last two decades papers were referred for deep understanding to strengthen its role. Result: Literature shows changes at 9, 10 position in the artemisinin structure produces anticancer activity. Artemisinin shows anticancer activity in leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Artemisinin and its derivatives have been studied as combination therapy with s...
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery
Background: Inflammation has become a pathology in majority of the prevalent diseases such as dia... more Background: Inflammation has become a pathology in majority of the prevalent diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders. Anti-inflammatory drugs work wonder in all these conditions, where the patient has become refractory to standard treatment. However, available anti-inflammatory agents have side effects associated with chronic use, thus if we could develop safe as well as efficacious molecules, quality of health care provided will improve. Since plant sources have been extensively explored, we should now focus on the alternative natural sources of anti-inflammatory agents. Water bodies especially the sea and ocean are under investigation to find agents which can tackle inflammation. Objective: This article reviews marine sources of anti-inflammatory agents and describes five types of marine organism’s namely micro algae, sea cucumber, mussels, marine sponges and corals. Method: Literature search was done using PubMed/Science direct with ke...
There is a high occurrence of obesity worldwide without many new medications being approved for i... more There is a high occurrence of obesity worldwide without many new medications being approved for its treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to introduce new approaches for treating obesity. Bioactive peptides have been used to treat metabolic disorders-such as type-2 diabetes and obesity; while also possessing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-viral properties. However, the development of these peptides has taken backstage due to their size, reduced stability, poor delivery and bioavailability, fast rate of degradation etc. But with the emergence of newer techniques for multifunctional peptides, mimetics, peptide analogs, and aptamers, there is a sudden revival in this therapeutic field. An increased attention is required for development of the natural peptides from food and marine sources which can mimic the function of mediators involved in weight management to avoid obesity. Herein, the search for the structures of anti-obesity peptides was carried out in order to establish their potential for drug development in future. An extensive search for the current status of endogenous, food and marine peptides, with reference to novel and interesting experimental approaches based on peptidomimetics for controlling obesity, was performed. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)-specific agonist, GLP-1 dual and triple agonists, neuropeptides and prolactin-releasing peptide mimetics were specifically examined for their anti-obesity role. Novel peptides, mimetics, and synthesis interventions are transpiring and might offer safer alternatives for otherwise scarcely available safe antiobesity drug. A deeper understanding of peptides and their chemistry through the use of peptide engineering can be useful to overcome the disadvantages and select best mimetics and analogs for treatment in future.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2016
Transgenerational immune priming in insects has proven to be effective in producing offsprings th... more Transgenerational immune priming in insects has proven to be effective in producing offsprings that have a superior immune system. The studies have also indicated at the possibility of paternal immune priming, where the male transfers its immunity to the offspring. As a result the immune molecules present in the offspring will be specific to not only the microbes that challenged the mother but also to those that immune challenged the father. The aim of this review article is to explore the possible application of transgenerational immune priming (maternal/paternal/bi-parental) in aquaculture as a method to combat disease outbreaks. The studies reviewed in this article conclude that immune priming has led to healthier offsprings in case of pipefish where both paternal and maternal immune priming was observed. Thus Transgenerational immune priming can be used as an alternative method in aquaculture based on the knowledge of exposing the dominant parent to the prevalent infectious thre...
The aim of this article is to study the relationship between fast food items like French fries, c... more The aim of this article is to study the relationship between fast food items like French fries, chips, pickles and cancer. This article focuses on acrylamide, nitrosamines, perfluorooctanoicacid, aspartame and fats and their role in carcinogenicity. Various studies conducted over the years is reviewed and a summarization of their findings is done in order to identify future research needs.
Marine sponges are animals belonging to the Phylum Porifera. They are well known for its medicina... more Marine sponges are animals belonging to the Phylum Porifera. They are well known for its medicinal value. However, to prove its efficiency for the clinical utilization, more experimental data will be beneficial. The present study involved the investigation of immunomodulatory activities of methanolic extract of marine sponge Spongosorites halichondriodes from western coast of India. The extract was studied for acute toxicity (OECD-425 guideline), Haemagglutinating antibody (HA) titre, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression for their immunomodulatory potential. The evaluation of immunomodulatory potential by oral administration of methanolic extract of marine sponge (200 mg/kg) evoked a significant decrease in total WBC count as compared to control, in antibody titre values, and also in delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. Also it prevented myelosuppression in cyclophosphamide drug treated rats. T...
Aim: Individuals with disabilities have an increased caries risk mainly owing to impaired oral cl... more Aim: Individuals with disabilities have an increased caries risk mainly owing to impaired oral clearance, inappropriate food choices, difficulties in oral hygiene routines including use of fluorides, and low overall understanding of healthy behaviour. Although individuals with disabilities have an urgent need of effective preventive measures, their ability to accomplish such measures themselves is severely limited. Objectives: This paper reviews methods and products adapted to cognitive, intellectual and physical disabilities intended to prevent dental caries. Results: Training programmes that stimulate oral motor function and oral sensory perception can improve oral clearance. Frequency of meals and choices of food can be influenced by increased knowledge among care staff and the individuals themselves. Different kinds of cognitive support can also enable people with disabilities to independently make healthy food choices, and cognitive support and assistive devices can facilitate oral hygiene and use of fluorides. Impaired oral clearance leads to increased caries risk but, at the same time, increases the effect of fluorides. Tooth brushing with toothpaste is a population-based strategy used by most people. When supplemental fluoride is needed more frequent use of tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste or a higher concentration of fluoride becomes a useful method, well known by people with disabilities and care staff. Conclusions: Adaptation of products and methods to the individual impairment accords with a person's rights to autonomy and independence, and implies empowerment for people with disabilities.
Background: The only conclusive way to diagnose Alzheimer’s is to carry out brain autopsy of the ... more Background: The only conclusive way to diagnose Alzheimer’s is to carry out brain autopsy of the patient’s brain tissue and ascertain whether the subject had Alzheimer’s or any other form of dementia. However, due to the non-feasibility of such methods, to diagnose and conclude the conditions, medical practitioners use tests that examine a patient’s mental ability. Objective: Accurate diagnosis at an early stage is the need of the hour for initiation of therapy. The cause for most Alzheimer’s cases still remains unknown except where genetic distinctions have been observed. Thus, a standard drug regimen ensues in every Alzheimer’s patient, irrespective of the cause, which may not always be beneficial in halting or reversing the disease progression. To provide a better life to such patients by suppressing existing symptoms, early diagnosis, curative therapy, site-specific delivery of drugs, and application of hyphenated methods like artificial intelligence need to be brought into the ...
Background: Many anticancer drugs have been developed for clinical usage till now, but the major ... more Background: Many anticancer drugs have been developed for clinical usage till now, but the major problem is the development of drug-resistance over a period of time in the treatment of cancer. Anticancer drugs produce huge adverse effects, ultimately leading to death of the patient. Researchers have been focusing on development of novel molecules with higher efficacy and lower toxicity; the anti-malarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives have exhibited cytotoxic effects. Methods: We have done extensive literature search for artemisinin for its new role as anti-cancer agent for future treatment. Last two decades papers were referred for deep understanding to strengthen its role. Result: Literature shows changes at 9, 10 position in the artemisinin structure produces anticancer activity. Artemisinin shows anticancer activity in leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Artemisinin and its derivatives have been studied as combination therapy with s...
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery
Background: Inflammation has become a pathology in majority of the prevalent diseases such as dia... more Background: Inflammation has become a pathology in majority of the prevalent diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders. Anti-inflammatory drugs work wonder in all these conditions, where the patient has become refractory to standard treatment. However, available anti-inflammatory agents have side effects associated with chronic use, thus if we could develop safe as well as efficacious molecules, quality of health care provided will improve. Since plant sources have been extensively explored, we should now focus on the alternative natural sources of anti-inflammatory agents. Water bodies especially the sea and ocean are under investigation to find agents which can tackle inflammation. Objective: This article reviews marine sources of anti-inflammatory agents and describes five types of marine organism’s namely micro algae, sea cucumber, mussels, marine sponges and corals. Method: Literature search was done using PubMed/Science direct with ke...
There is a high occurrence of obesity worldwide without many new medications being approved for i... more There is a high occurrence of obesity worldwide without many new medications being approved for its treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to introduce new approaches for treating obesity. Bioactive peptides have been used to treat metabolic disorders-such as type-2 diabetes and obesity; while also possessing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-viral properties. However, the development of these peptides has taken backstage due to their size, reduced stability, poor delivery and bioavailability, fast rate of degradation etc. But with the emergence of newer techniques for multifunctional peptides, mimetics, peptide analogs, and aptamers, there is a sudden revival in this therapeutic field. An increased attention is required for development of the natural peptides from food and marine sources which can mimic the function of mediators involved in weight management to avoid obesity. Herein, the search for the structures of anti-obesity peptides was carried out in order to establish their potential for drug development in future. An extensive search for the current status of endogenous, food and marine peptides, with reference to novel and interesting experimental approaches based on peptidomimetics for controlling obesity, was performed. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)-specific agonist, GLP-1 dual and triple agonists, neuropeptides and prolactin-releasing peptide mimetics were specifically examined for their anti-obesity role. Novel peptides, mimetics, and synthesis interventions are transpiring and might offer safer alternatives for otherwise scarcely available safe antiobesity drug. A deeper understanding of peptides and their chemistry through the use of peptide engineering can be useful to overcome the disadvantages and select best mimetics and analogs for treatment in future.
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Papers by Maushmi Kumar