Department of Public Health Science

Oligospermia is a male fertility issue characterized by a low sperm count. Other aspects of the sexual health of men with this condition are typical. This includes the ability to get and maintain an erection, as well as produce ejaculation at orgasm. Sperm count in your ejaculate can vary throughout your life

Malnutrition is a global public health problem more prevalent in developing countries than in developed countries. Indicators of malnutrition include household food security and life expectancy. Corruption might be one of socio-political problems fuelling malnutrition in developing countries. The aim of this paper is to compare influence of corruption on food security, live expectancy (LE) and population in developed and developing countries. Thirty two least corrupt countries (LCC) and most corrupt countries (MCC) representing developed and developing countries were systematically selected using Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). Countries' data on population, food security index (FSI) and LE scores were obtained from Global food security index (GFSI) and Population reference bureau. T-test, Multivariate (Wilks' Lambda), Pearson product moment analysis were performed to determine relationship between CPI, FSI, LE, and population in LCC and MCC at p<.05. Data were presented in tables, means and percentages. Mean CPI, Population, FSI, and LE in LCC and MCC were 71.5% and 24.2%; 34.8 and 41.7million; 75.0% and 37.4%; and 78.4years and 62.4years. There was a significant difference between CPI, FSI and LE in LCC and MCC (p<0.05). CPI had a significant positive relationship with FSI and LE in LCC not MCC. There was also a significant relationship between FSI and LE in MCC. Low CPI influenced high FSI and LE in LCC while Low LE was associated with low FSI in MCC. Policies discouraging corrupt practices and promoting good governance should be embraced to eradicate malnutrition in developing countries.

Malnutrition is a global crisis especially in developing countries. Micronutrient deficiency is a “hidden hunger”
and as such has been neglected over the years leading to malnutrition crisis. Nigeria is one of the developing
countries that are experiencing malnutrition crisis. This paper therefore highlights scientific evidence of positive
impact of micronutrients on human function and proven sets of nutrition intervention strategies as a stimulus for
taking decisive action to combat malnutrition.
Keywords: Nigeria, Malnutrition crisis, Scientific evidence, Nutrition strategy

Micronutrient malnutrition is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries. Hunger
and starvation which are causative agents of malnutrition are occasioned by poor food supply and low
income purchasing power for the expensive animal sources of micronutrients. Access to adequate, safe
and nutritious food required for a healthy and active life by all people at all times is limited, resulting in
micronutrient food insecurity. The quantity and quality of food available for consumption to people
determine their micronutrient security level. Inadequate quantity and quality of food available for
consumption are causative agents for macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies. Bio-fortification is
an emerging method to increase the micronutrient values of crops in order to eradicate hidden hunger
in developing nations. This paper therefore describes the contribution of biofortification in fighting
micronutrient malnutrition in developing countries.
Key words: Micronutrient food insecurity, biofortification, developing nations, Micronutrients.

Abstract—Nigerian bread is baked with vitamin A fortified
wheat flour. Study aimed at determining its contribution to
preschoolers’ vitamin A nutriture. A cross-sectional/experimental
study was carried out in four poor-urban Local Government Areas
(LGAs) of Metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. A pretested food frequency
questionnaire was administered to randomly selected mothers of
1600 preschoolers (24-59 months). Retinyl Palmitate content of
fourteen bread samples randomly collected from bakeries in all
LGAs was analyzed at 0 and 5 days at 25oC using High Performance
Liquid Chromatography. Data analysis was done at p<.05. Mean
total intake of vitamin A from bread was 220.40μgRAE
(733.94±775.68i.u). Bread contributed 6.5–178.4% of preschoolers
RDA (1333i.u/400μgRAE). Mean contribution to vitamin A intake
was 55.06±58.18%. Strong statistical significant relationship existed
between total vitamin A intake and % RDA which was directly
proportional (p<.01). Result indicates that bread made an important
contribution towards vitamin A intake in poor-urban Lagosian
preschoolers.
Keywords—Bread, dietary intake, Lagos metropolis,
preschoolers.

Purpose: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem in Nigeria. Stability study was carried out to determine vitamin A contents of selected brands of commercial wheat flour and bread. Methods: Retinyl Palmitate content of three samples of commercial wheat flour and bread randomly selected were analyzed at 0, 5 (bread) and 0, 60 days (flour) respectively at room temperature using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: Vitamin A contents of wheat flour and bread were 7.1 to 10.1 i.u. /g (wheat flour) and 0-3.4 i.u./g (bread). Significant difference existed between the mean vitamin A content of wheat flour and label declaration (30 i.u/g) (P< .05). Vitamin A stability was 0-91% (wheat flour) after 60 days and 0-68% (bread) after 5days. Mean stability was better in bread than in flour. Conclusion: Wheat flour and bread contain vitamin A lower than the standard (30 i.u/kg). Key words: Vitamin A deficiency, Wheat flour fortification, Nigerian bread, Wheat flour, Vitamin A fortification

Malnutrition is a global public health problem. There is a link between poor nutritional knowledge and malnutrition. A comprehensive literature search reveals the importance of nutrition education in the eradication of malnutrition. Open and distance learning (ODL) could be a potential tool to bring nutrition education to mothers and children in their households using interactive animated computer-based nutrition games/gadgets thereby eradicating malnutrition. Early nutrition education could protect children from nutrition-related chronic diseases in adulthood. This paper reviews the potentiality of ODL tools as a means of passing nutrition education to vulnerable groups to eradicate malnutrition.

Abstracts -Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious childhood dietary problem in developing nations. Deficiencies in vitamins A and B , iron, folic acid and zinc, are preventable causes of poor childhood growth and school performance. Sustainable strategies exist to eradicate malnutrition. This paper discusses the negative effect of vitamin and mineral malnutrition on childhood growth and education, and effective strategies to eliminate them.

Micronutrient malnutrition is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries. Hunger and starvation which are causative agents of malnutrition are occasioned by poor food supply and low income purchasing power for the expensive animal sources of micronutrients. Access to adequate, safe and nutritious food required for a healthy and active life by all people at all times is limited, resulting in micronutrient food insecurity. The quantity and quality of food available for consumption to people determine their micronutrient security level. Inadequate quantity and quality of food available for consumption are causative agents for macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies. Bio-fortification is an emerging method to increase the micronutrient values of crops in order to eradicate hidden hunger in developing nations. This paper therefore describes the contribution of biofortification in fighting micronutrient malnutrition in developing countries.

Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem affecting poor populations in developing countries. Biscuits baked with Nigerian vitamin A fortified flour (30 IU/g) have been consumed by preschool children. This study aims at determining vitamin A content and stability in retailed biscuits at point of consumption. Pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect biscuit consumption pattern of preschool children (n=1600). Out of 18 brands of biscuits reported, eight cartons of 8 commonly consumed brands were purchased from major markets in Lagos. Vitamin A (retinol) stability was determined by storing biscuit samples for 30 days. Pre-and post-storage retinol analyses were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. Vitamin A stability was calculated as percentage of initial vitamin A biscuit values. Crunchiness and packaging of biscuit samples were also assessed. Data were analysed using descriptive and T-test at p<0.05. At pre-storage level, 62.5 % and 37.5 % samples had vitamin A and zero contents respectively. At post-storage, 25% had vitamin A content while 75% had zero content. Pre-and post-storage vitamin A content of samples was 5.2±4.9 IU/g and 1.9±1.8 IU/g. Mean vitamin A stability and loss in retailed biscuits at 2 months was 16.8% and 83.2% respectively. A significant difference was found in vitamin A content and stability of biscuits at pre-and post-storage levels. Biscuits lost crunchiness at post-storage level. Vitamin A content of retailed biscuit samples was below 30 IU/g resulting in very low stability. Use of fortified quality raw materials and compliance are essential.

_____________________________________________________ Malnutrition is a global public health problem. There is a link between poor nutritional knowledge and malnutrition. A comprehensive literature search reveals the importance of nutrition education in the eradication of malnutrition. Open and distance learning (ODL) could be a potential tool to bring nutrition education to mothers and children in their households using interactive animated computer-based nutrition games/gadgets thereby eradicating malnutrition. Early nutrition education could protect children from nutrition-related chronic diseases in adulthood. This paper reviews the potentiality of ODL tools as a means of passing nutrition education to vulnerable groups to eradicate malnutrition.

Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a majestic tree associated with human habitation in some of the semi-arid regions of Africa and establishes an enormous economic and nutritional importance to the rural residential districts. The fruit pulp is considered to be of high nutritional significance; particularly vitamin C and calcium, also possess antioxidant functions as well as high dietary fiber content. Although it is a potential fruit for improving local diets and livelihoods,this fruit is underutilized and its potential not yet fully acknowledged. This work was contracted with the aim of defining the nutritional quality and functional properties of baobab pulp harvested  from some selected  parts  of Tanzania.Results indicated that the pulp from the three locations had moisture content which ranged between 9.16% to 10.30%, fat 0.46%-1.98%, ash 4.75%-5.21%, fiber 5.91%-9.65%, protein 3.23%-3.53%, carbohydrate 80.49%-85.19, vitamin C 169.74mg/100g-231.57mg/100g, beta-carotene 2.16 mg/...

Micronutrient malnutrition is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries. Hunger and starvation which are causative agents of malnutrition are occasioned by poor food supply and low income purchasing power for the expensive animal sources of micronutrients. Access to adequate, safe and nutritious food required for a healthy and active life by all people at all times is limited, resulting in micronutrient food insecurity. The quantity and quality of food available for consumption to people determine their micronutrient security level. Inadequate quantity and quality of food available for consumption are causative agents for macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies. Bio-fortification is an emerging method to increase the micronutrient values of crops in order to eradicate hidden hunger in developing nations. This paper therefore describes the contribution of biofortification in fighting micronutrient malnutrition in developing countries.

Stability and compliance level of fortified Nigerian retailed flour has not been determined. The aim of study therefore was to evaluate vitamin A stability in retailed flour and assess compliance status. Seventeen wheat flour samples were randomly selected from 12 bakeries across six Local Government Areas in Lagos, Nigeria. Pre- and post-storage retinol analyses of retailed flour stored for 30 days were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. Stability results for flour were grouped under 1, 2, and 3 months conditions. Fortification compliance was calculated based on three assumptions, using Nigerian Industrial Standards (NIS) (≥30.0 IU/g). WHO guidelines (Feasible Fortification Level/Range (FFL)) of approximately 25 % loss (22.5 -30.0 IU/g) and 50 % acceptable compliance range (ACR) for vitamin A (15.0-30.0 IU/g). Sample stability and compliance were calculated in percentages. Data were analysed using T-test and ANOVA at p&lt;.05. Mean vitamin A (retinol) content...

Welfare state retrenchment is widely seen as a highly unpopular endeavour and, therefore, as politically difficult to pursue. This assumption has underpinned most of the political science research on this issue, notably Paul Pierson's seminal contributions about the 'new politics of the welfare state'. Yet, the question remains why and under what circumstances cutbacks take place in highly developed welfare states despite these formidable political obstacles. This article reviews the literature on the politics of retrenchment, namely on the impact of socioeconomic problem pressure, political parties, political institutions, welfare state structures and ideas. Most authors agree that socioeconomic problems-particularly domestic problems-contribute to an atmosphere of 'permanent austerity' which inspires cutbacks. Moreover, according to most scholars, the extent of retrenchment possible depends on the specific institutional configuration of a political system and the path dependence of existing welfare state structures. The debate on the relevance of political parties and ideas, by contrast, is still far from settled. Further unresolved issues include the nature of the dependent variable in retrenchment studies. Also, the exact motives for cutbacks are theoretically still little understood, as are the political mechanisms through which they are realized. I argue that, because of the nature of these persisting issues, the pluralistic dialogue between different methods and approaches-as well as their combination-remains the most promising way forward in the study of welfare state politics.

The United Nations (UN) named year 2000 as the year in which gender equality, development and peace shall be guaranteed women for the twenty first century. The UN emphasized that gendered issues surrounding the reproductive life of women be paid serious consideration in promoting the Reproductive Health Decision-Making (RDHM) process. This study explored spousal communication between couples in Ankpa LGA where gender dictates the life of people. The presenting problem also implied how vulnerable married women were to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) due to their lack of contribution to RHDM. The studies objectives were to: (a) analyze women’s role in the RHDM process; (b) explain the key factors influencing women’s participation in RHDM; (c) determine the impacts of women’s involvement in RDHM; (d) analyze the challenges faced by women in contributing to the RHDM and; (e) develop a communicati...

The paper explores Spousal age gap and its effects on Reproductive Health Decision Making Process in Nigeria using  Ankpa Local Government of Kogi State  as a unit of analysis.  Qualitative research was carried out using in-depth interviews. 20 couples were interviewed in Ankpa local government area of Kogi State and the findings revealed that age gap Narrow spousal communication and has  implication for the younger bride’s ability to communicate very well and freely in qualitative manner with her husband, age gap provide them with experience and resources, the wider the age gap the more the respect, if the woman is of the same age with the husband there is a tendency for disrespect and as women grow older chances that they will find husbands.The paper suggest, educating women as well as creation of jobs opportunities. Keywords: Age, Health, Reproductive, Rights    and Women.