Papers by Syed Noor Muhammad Shah
Flowering and morphology of Zinnia elegans cv. Dreamland were evaluated against different levels ... more Flowering and morphology of Zinnia elegans cv. Dreamland were evaluated against different levels of Potassium in an experiment conducted under soil and climatic conditions of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This experiment aimed to find out optimum level of potassium for enhanced production of zinnia flowers. Various potassium levels such as 0, 10, 20, 30g m-2 were applied to investigate their impact on zinnia flower production and morphology. Findings revealed that K when used @ 20g m-2 showed encouraging impact particularly on number of days to flowering, flowers number plant-1, flower diameter (cm), flower fresh and dry weight (g), plant height (cm), number of primary and secondary shoots plant-1, number of leaves plant-1,leaf area (cm2) and number of roots as well as roots length (cm).
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Genetics and Molecular Research, 2015
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This work was carried out to determine the proximate and elemental composition of Salvia plebeia.... more This work was carried out to determine the proximate and elemental composition of Salvia plebeia. It showed high nutritive potential. Shoot of S. plebeias sowed that it contained moisture (17.6%), Ash (14.5%), Organic matter (85%), Crude protein (6.16%), Crude fibers (5.75%), Crude fats (15.15%) and carbohydrates (44.69%). Similarly root sample of Salvia contained Ash (10.34%), Organic matter (89.67%), Crude protein (1.81%), Crude fibers (17.45%), Crude fats (7.68%), Carbohydrates (42.5%) and moisture content (15.6%); while seeds contained Ash (14.9%), Organic matter (85.11%), Crude protein (10.17%), Crude fibers (8.35%), Crude fats (12.37%), Carbohydrates (41%) and moisture content (10.30%). All parts of Salvia were rich in mineral and contained Calcium 37-64mg/L. Calcium is important for growth and maintance of bones and teeth. The concentration of microelements in the shoot of Salvia in mg/L were in the order of Ca>Mg>Na.Zn>Pb>Mn>Cr>Ni>Cd. Concentration in roots were in the following order Ca>Mg>Na>Zn>Mn>Ni>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cd while in seeds Ca>Mg>Na>Zn>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cr>Cd. In conclusion the shoot, root and seeds of Salvia contain nutrients and mineral elements of high nutritional value and can be used as a food source.
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Nutrient deficiency in soil is main hurdle in the floriculture industry. Different treatments (T1... more Nutrient deficiency in soil is main hurdle in the floriculture industry. Different treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9) were tested to optimize suitable fertilizer dose for high flower production of Zinnia elegan cv. Dreamland. We had observed less days to flowering in T6, high number of flowers plant-1, fresh and dry flower weight, plant height, number of primary and secondary shoots plant-1, fresh shoots weight plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area and primary root diameter in T8, but these parameters were non-significant with T7, while maximum flower diameter, stem diameter, dry stem weight, fresh and dry leaves weight, number of roots, fresh and dry roots weight plant-1, root length in T7. The T7 (N= 20g m-2 + 20g Km-2) produced significant results for higher flower production and growth of Zinnia elegans cultivar Dream land under agro-climatic condition of Peshawar.
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This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the adoption of organic farming in ... more This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the adoption of organic farming in Peshawar-Pakistan. A total of 100 respondents were randomly selected from the four different cultivated areas of Peshawar, namely Palosi, Regi, Ternab and Pushtakhara. Binary logistic regression was used in this study to categorize the organic farming into adoption and non-adoption. The purpose of this model was to check the event probability for a categorical response variable with two outcomes. The results of the binary logistic shows that factors affecting adoption of organic farming have a significant effect on the farmer productivity. Moreover, cost, productivity, profitability, compatibility and efficiency have a positive and significant effect. Thus, it is obvious that adopting organic farming not only to increase the farmer income but also to protect environmental pollution by avoiding the toxic chemical and fertilizer. Finally, we suggest that government agencies, extension and research institution should play a vital role to strengthen the awareness and advantages of organic farming.
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We attempted to create a new germplasm of cucumber cultivar Chinese long (9930) using different d... more We attempted to create a new germplasm of cucumber cultivar Chinese long (9930) using different doses of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) to induce variability. We tested EMS concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 3% v/v) with post-treatment (0.1 M Na 2 S 2 O 3 and water), EMS concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% v/v) over different treatment times (8, 16, 24 h), and EMS concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% v/v) with different treatment temperatures (20 and 28°C). In all experiments with increasing EMS concentration, germination percent, index, and rate were decreased. After addition of stop solution (0.1 M Na 2 S 2 O 3), post-treatment mutated seeds showed higher germination (84.44%) and rate (37.5%) than seeds treated with water (80 and 34.07%, respectively),
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This study was conducted to enhance genetic variability in peppers (Capsicum annuum, cv B12) usin... more This study was conducted to enhance genetic variability in peppers (Capsicum annuum, cv B12) using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Exposure to an EMS concentration of 0.6%, v/v for 12 h was used to mutagenize 2000 seeds for the first generation (M 1). It was observed that the growth behaviors including plant height, flowering date, and number of seeds per first fruit were different in the M 1 generation than in wild type (WT) plants. In addition one phenotypic mutation (leaf shape and plant architecture) was observed during the M 1 generation. During the seedling stage in the M 2 generation, the observed changes were in the form of slow growth or chlorophyll defect (e.g., albino, pale green, and yellow seedlings). At maturity, there were three kinds of phenotypic mutations observed in three different families of the mutant population. The first observed change was a plant with yellow leaf color, and the leaves of this mutant plant contained 62.19% less chlorophyll a and 64.06% less chlorophyll b as compared to the wild-type. The second mutation resulted in one dwarf plant with a very short stature (6 cm), compact internodes and the leaves and stem were rough and thick. The third type of mutation occurred in four plants and resulted in the leaves of these plants being very thick and longer than those of WT plants. Furthermore, anatomical observations of the leaf blade section of this mutant plant type contained more xylem and collenchyma tissue in the leaf midrib of the mutant plant than WT. In addition, its leaf blade contained thicker palisade and spongy tissue than the WT.
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Biologia Plantarum
Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) fruit colours vary from green, ivory, or yellow at the juvenile stage ... more Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) fruit colours vary from green, ivory, or yellow at the juvenile stage to red, orange, and yellow at the mature stage. Carotenoid accumulation causes fruit colour formation in ripe Capsicum fruits, and capsanthin is a main carotenoid in ripe red pepper fruits. In this study, pepper cultivars with red, yellow, and orange fruits were employed and four key genes named phytoene synthase (Psy), lycopene-β-cyclase (Lcyb), β-carotene hydroxylase (Crtz), and capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (Ccs) in the capsanthin biosynthetic pathway were analyzed. Results show that a clear expression of the Ccs gene in cv. CK7 (yellow) was detected, but the expressions of the Psy and Lcyb genes were low comparing with the other tested cultivars. In addition, the expression of the Ccs gene was not observed in cv. R37-1 (orange). Furthermore, though the four key genes (Psy, Lcyb, Crtz, and Ccs) were detected in red cultivar R15, the expressions of them were low. Sequence analysis fur...
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Frontiers in Plant Science, 2015
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Agricultural Sciences, 2015
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e attempted to create a new germplasm of cucumber cultivar Chinese long (9930) using different do... more e attempted to create a new germplasm of cucumber cultivar Chinese long (9930) using different doses of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) to induce variability. We tested EMS concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 3% v/v) with post-treatment (0.1 M Na2S2O3 and water), EMS concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% v/v) over different treatment times (8, 16, 24 h), and EMS concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% v/v) with different treatment temperatures (20 and 28°C). In all experiments with increasing EMS concentration, germination percent, index, and rate were decreased. After addition of stop solution (0.1 M Na2S2O3), post-treatment mutated seeds showed higher germination (84.44%) and rate (37.5%) than seeds treated with water (80 and 34.07%, respectively), while the germination index was high in seeds treated with water. At
20°C, the germination index (4.13) and rate (56.25%) were affected to a
greater extent than at 28°C (7.68 and 91.31%, respectively). Treatment
times of 16 and 24 h showed similar results for germination percent
and rate, while the germination index was decreased over time. There
were significant differences in seedling height, fresh true leaf weight,
seedling weight, and plant survival with increasing EMS concentration
and time. Higher variations in the form of dwarf seedlings were recorded
after treatment with 1.5% EMS for 24 h. Based on germination and
morphological data, an EMS concentration of 1.5% for 24 h at 20°C
and post-treatment with stop solution (0.1 M Na2S2O3) efficiently
caused mutation.
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The study was designed to estimate the restricted profit function in district Gujranwala, Punjab,... more The study was designed to estimate the restricted profit function in district Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected from 100 respondents using proportional allocation sampling tech-nique. The analysis was done using SHAZAM software. The results indicate that the farmers are
price-responsive. Rice own price elasticity was 1.873. The output supply elasticity of rice with re-spect to education, land, fertilizer price and irrigation cost were 0.0.169, 1.274, −0.873 and −0.953 respectively. Irrigation demand elasticity with respect to education, land, fertilizer price, irriga-tion cost and output price were 0.14, 1.14, −0.783, −1.84 and 1.78 respectively. Fertilizer demand
elasticity with respect to education, land, fertilizer price, irrigation cost and output price was
0.023, 0.792, −1.65, −0.85 and 1.851 respectively. Lastly, the elasticity of profit with respect to
education, land, fertilizer price, irrigation cost and output price was 0.20, 1.10, −0.83, −1.136 and 1.92 respectively. The study recommends that Government should provide consistent electricity
with stable rates, so that, they irrigate their fields through electric tube wells and ultimately their cost of irrigation decreases. The study also suggests that government should stabilized fertilizer
prices to encourage its application. Furthermore, government should raise procurement price of rice to encourage its supply this; it in turn will also increase the profit of the farmer.
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Papers by Syed Noor Muhammad Shah
20°C, the germination index (4.13) and rate (56.25%) were affected to a
greater extent than at 28°C (7.68 and 91.31%, respectively). Treatment
times of 16 and 24 h showed similar results for germination percent
and rate, while the germination index was decreased over time. There
were significant differences in seedling height, fresh true leaf weight,
seedling weight, and plant survival with increasing EMS concentration
and time. Higher variations in the form of dwarf seedlings were recorded
after treatment with 1.5% EMS for 24 h. Based on germination and
morphological data, an EMS concentration of 1.5% for 24 h at 20°C
and post-treatment with stop solution (0.1 M Na2S2O3) efficiently
caused mutation.
price-responsive. Rice own price elasticity was 1.873. The output supply elasticity of rice with re-spect to education, land, fertilizer price and irrigation cost were 0.0.169, 1.274, −0.873 and −0.953 respectively. Irrigation demand elasticity with respect to education, land, fertilizer price, irriga-tion cost and output price were 0.14, 1.14, −0.783, −1.84 and 1.78 respectively. Fertilizer demand
elasticity with respect to education, land, fertilizer price, irrigation cost and output price was
0.023, 0.792, −1.65, −0.85 and 1.851 respectively. Lastly, the elasticity of profit with respect to
education, land, fertilizer price, irrigation cost and output price was 0.20, 1.10, −0.83, −1.136 and 1.92 respectively. The study recommends that Government should provide consistent electricity
with stable rates, so that, they irrigate their fields through electric tube wells and ultimately their cost of irrigation decreases. The study also suggests that government should stabilized fertilizer
prices to encourage its application. Furthermore, government should raise procurement price of rice to encourage its supply this; it in turn will also increase the profit of the farmer.
20°C, the germination index (4.13) and rate (56.25%) were affected to a
greater extent than at 28°C (7.68 and 91.31%, respectively). Treatment
times of 16 and 24 h showed similar results for germination percent
and rate, while the germination index was decreased over time. There
were significant differences in seedling height, fresh true leaf weight,
seedling weight, and plant survival with increasing EMS concentration
and time. Higher variations in the form of dwarf seedlings were recorded
after treatment with 1.5% EMS for 24 h. Based on germination and
morphological data, an EMS concentration of 1.5% for 24 h at 20°C
and post-treatment with stop solution (0.1 M Na2S2O3) efficiently
caused mutation.
price-responsive. Rice own price elasticity was 1.873. The output supply elasticity of rice with re-spect to education, land, fertilizer price and irrigation cost were 0.0.169, 1.274, −0.873 and −0.953 respectively. Irrigation demand elasticity with respect to education, land, fertilizer price, irriga-tion cost and output price were 0.14, 1.14, −0.783, −1.84 and 1.78 respectively. Fertilizer demand
elasticity with respect to education, land, fertilizer price, irrigation cost and output price was
0.023, 0.792, −1.65, −0.85 and 1.851 respectively. Lastly, the elasticity of profit with respect to
education, land, fertilizer price, irrigation cost and output price was 0.20, 1.10, −0.83, −1.136 and 1.92 respectively. The study recommends that Government should provide consistent electricity
with stable rates, so that, they irrigate their fields through electric tube wells and ultimately their cost of irrigation decreases. The study also suggests that government should stabilized fertilizer
prices to encourage its application. Furthermore, government should raise procurement price of rice to encourage its supply this; it in turn will also increase the profit of the farmer.