Cílem studie je hledat mechanismy, které podmiňují tvoření ženských podob cizích příjmení v češti... more Cílem studie je hledat mechanismy, které podmiňují tvoření ženských podob cizích příjmení v češtině, a to na materiálu Českého národního korpusu SYN, verze 9. Za tímto účelem zkoumáme korpusovou frekvenci jmen evropských prezidentek a premiérek, které působily v časovém rozmezí let 2010–2019, a jmen hereček, jež ve stejném období získaly Oscara za nejlepší ženský herecký výkon. Na základě statistického testování článek zjišťuje, jestli profese, věk nebo možnost skloňovat rodné jméno hrají roli v tom, zda dochází k feminizaci příjmení. Kromě výsledků výzkum naznačuje, že ve hře je mnoho dalších faktorů, například délka jména, pravopisné obtíže nebo mechanismus „syntaktické atrakce“.
The contribution focuses on the use and collocation analysis of basic notions linked to the field... more The contribution focuses on the use and collocation analysis of basic notions linked to the field of onomastics, including those that are specialized (e.g., “proprium”, “anthroponym”, “toponym”, “chrematonym”, etc.) and the ones that are commonly used (e.g., “proper name/naming”). In the latter case, attention will be paid to whether these terms are connected to onomastic contexts. In general, the research analyses sources where the lemmata are used, including their typical surroundings. The goal of the paper is to show how the public perceives onomastics, whether it is familiar with its key terms. The analysis is based on the data of the Czech National Corpus, version 8, opinion-journalism texts.
This text focuses on Czech travelogues about Soviet Russia (and later the Soviet Union) dating fr... more This text focuses on Czech travelogues about Soviet Russia (and later the Soviet Union) dating from the period 1917-1968. The material-consisting of 72 published books-provides new insights into the historical perception of the Soviet Union. Most of the books represent the genre of ideological travel literature. They were written not only by journalists, writers and politicians, but also by members of professional delegations, e.g. firefighters, farmers, etc. The authors' approach to the Soviet state changed during the period under investigation-from the initial desire (in the 1920s and 1930s) to uncover the secrets of the world's first socialist state, to the uncritical admiration of the USSR that characterized the travelogues written during the 1950s, in line with official ideological dictates. This text explores the main tendencies that can be found in Czech travelogues about the Soviet Union, tracing how the treatment of key issues developed and changed over time, describing the strategies used by authors when presenting Soviet society and everyday life, and discussing the thematisation of proper names and the Russian language. Four issues of relevance to historical geography are examined: means of transport, itineraries, the depiction of nature, and the linguistic landscape.
This article addresses the toponymy of the North Bohemian city of Most, Czech Republic, and its d... more This article addresses the toponymy of the North Bohemian city of Most, Czech Republic, and its development during the second half of the 20 th century. The city of Most makes a unique case, as the old city, fi rst documented in the 11 th century, was demolished between 1964 and 1982 to pave the way for coal mining, and replaced by a new one of the same name built by 1987 to the south of the original city area. The article focuses on the urban toponymy of the newly built city of Most (a typical example of a Socialist modernist city), particularly on unoffi cial (popular) forms of urban names as compared to offi cial street name forms, on the transfer of place names and chrematonyms from the old city to the new one, and on the role of place names in the preservation and creation of the local identity and collective memory. The author shows that the support for saving the old city memory on behalf of the state and local authorities has been a threefold initiative implemented through the conservation of the city name, the transfer of street names, and the use of chrematonyms (mostly names of pubs) specifi c to the old city. The analysis of urban place names is based on archival sources (predominantly maps), on a fi eld survey, and on individual and group face-to-face interviews with inhabitants of the city performed in the course of 2014 and 2015. K e y w o r d s: Czech language, city of Most, street names, unoffi cial urbanonymy, popular place names, transonymization, local identity, collective memory.
The paper is focused on the spatial appearance of two place names in the public space in the back... more The paper is focused on the spatial appearance of two place names in the public space in the background of the transonymization process; there are the Czech place names of Anděl (' Angel'; a busy crossroads, Prague) and Kuří rynek ('Chicken Market'; a small square, Ostrava). The paper attempts to provide answers to the following research questions: 1) Is there any mutual relationship between the places delimitation and the place names occurrence? 2) In which forms and for which objects are the namings used? 3) Do the areas delimited by the place names representation in the public space, and those mentally perceived by people living there overlap?
The paper focuses on German forms of place names in Czechia and Slovakia, and Hungarian forms of ... more The paper focuses on German forms of place names in Czechia and Slovakia, and Hungarian forms of place names in Slovakia, especially on their revitalization and perception after 1989. This concerns their thematization, which is illustrated on the Czech National Corpus and the Slovak National Corpus materials, and on the 1990s discussions about their restoration. German place-name forms are not considered to be a crucial political topic these days; however, Hungarian forms still represent a conflict potential. German forms in Czechia are only thematized in poetry and fiction books, in order to evoke lasting time and the complicated modern Czech history. On the other hand, they are predominantly used in trade names as a marketing tool aimed at German (localization function) and Czech customers (allusive function). In Slovakia, Hungarian forms are not used in marketing and are not thematized in fiction as a positive value connected with the national history.
... V prostředí chatu jsou nicky předevím značkami, vyskytujícími se pouze v nominativu, a pokud... more ... V prostředí chatu jsou nicky předevím značkami, vyskytujícími se pouze v nominativu, a pokud si účastníci chatují mezi sebou adresně, automaticky se zobrazuje, kdo s kým komunikuje 14) . ... S. Panyametheekul S. Herring, Gender and Turn Allocation in Thai Chat Room ...
DAVID, J., SEMIAN, M. (2015): Bohemian Manchester, Moravian Klondike and Silesian Versailles: Att... more DAVID, J., SEMIAN, M. (2015): Bohemian Manchester, Moravian Klondike and Silesian Versailles: Attributive structures of foreign place names in contemporary Czech journalism. Slovo a Slovesnost 76/2, pp. 129-147. Exonyms – i.e. toponyms of the type Rakousko, Benátky (‘Austria’, ‘Venice’) – were introduced to the Czech landscape (along with foreign endonyms) in medieval times. During the 19th century, a new, specific application of foreign place names began to appear, and this development forms the focus of the present article. Such words began to feature in attributive structures of the type český, pražský (‘Czech’ or ‘Bohemian’, ‘Prague’s’) + exonym / foreign endonym; many of these structures came into widespread use referring to areas whose boundaries were not clearly delineated or defined, or they served the purposes of marketing and advertising. In the 1990s, the growing influence of a “new” European regionalism and the formation of new territorial entities was accompanied by a r...
The paper is aimed at personal names (anthroponyms) in newspaper reports on Rudolf Slánský's stag... more The paper is aimed at personal names (anthroponyms) in newspaper reports on Rudolf Slánský's staged trial, which was held against the leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia-mostly of the Jewish origin-who were "uncovered" as political enemies; the trial took place in an anti-Semitic atmosphere. The examined texts were published in the period of November 21−28, 1952, in Rudé právo, the main newspaper of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Proper names, mostly personal names, are analysed from several perspectives. The quantitative analysis is focused on the keywords of the studied texts and typical collocations of the names. The qualitative analysis, developing the quantitatively researched data, is aimed at the image of enemy or traitor and its presentation via thematization of personal names. The ways of language presentation of the Jewish origin of the accused are in the scope of the contribution as well. Within the scope of collocation analysis, the newspaper texts on the trial were contrasted with the ones published by Rudé právo on the occasion of Rudolf Slánskýʼs 50 th birthday (July 31, 1951).
PLACE NAMES VARIANTS AND VARIATION IN THE CZECH POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE 1945-1989 PERIOD (the ... more PLACE NAMES VARIANTS AND VARIATION IN THE CZECH POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE 1945-1989 PERIOD (the study is written in Czech)
The study is aimed at variants and variation of place names in the Czech political discourse in the period between 1945 and 1989. It is illustrated with the place names Podkarpatská Rus / Zakarpatská Ukrajina (Carpathian Ruthenia / Zakarpatia), Bahía de Cochinos / Zátoka sviní (Bahía de Cochinos / Bay of Pigs), and Falklandy / Malvíny (the Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas). The usage of a particular form (variant) and the substitution of a place name for its variant reflect the process of their politicization and ideological presentation in that-time political journalism. It also shows their usage in symbolic and metaphorical ways through their occurrences in specific collocations. The analysis is based on the Rudé právo newspaper, the official medium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
CZECH BRAD PITT, MORAVIAN MATA HARI-ANTHROPONYMIC VARIATION IN THE CURRENT CZECH NEWSPAPER OPINIO... more CZECH BRAD PITT, MORAVIAN MATA HARI-ANTHROPONYMIC VARIATION IN THE CURRENT CZECH NEWSPAPER OPINION ARTICLES (the study is written in Czech)
The goal of the study is to present the metaphorical usage of personal names in the news paper opinion articles contained in the Czech National Corpus. The analysis is aimed at attributive collocations with adjectival forms český/moravský/slezský (Czech, Mora vian, Silesian), and pražský/brněnský/ostravský (Prague-Praha, Brno, Ostrava in the adjectival forms) + personal names referring to wellknown foreign people, e.g., česká Edith Piaf, moravský Edison. The research showed that the attributive constructions are more frequent in serious newspapers than in tabloids. The Czech society orientation towards the Western, EuroAmerican civilization is illustrated with the continents (Europe, North America) and states (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the United States of America) to which the selected personal names refer to. The formal aspects of the names are also examined-e.g., their orthography, morphology, coinages of Czech female forms of male surnames and of hypocoristic forms, as well as their usage in communication (e.g., multireference of the construction to various people).
THEMATIZATION OF PLACE NAMES IN THE MEMOIR TEXTS
(AS ILLUSTRATED WITH THE CITIES OF HRADEC KRÁLOV... more THEMATIZATION OF PLACE NAMES IN THE MEMOIR TEXTS (AS ILLUSTRATED WITH THE CITIES OF HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ AND PÍSEK) The goal of the study is to present memoir texts as an important and rich source for onomastic research. The analysis is focused on usage, predominantly on thematization of place names in texts referring to the Czech cities of Hradec Králové and Písek. There are examined the following topics: the city name and urban names forms and appearances in the texts, the relationship between standardized and non-standardized forms of urban names, and etymology and interpretation of the selected urban names in the memoir texts. Place names in the texts are used in different ways – except the fact they identify particular objects and create urban space, they evoke emotional recollections of authors’ childhoods; they are also examined as the formative part of social group identity.
The article (published in English) explores the thematization of proper names (anthroponyms, chre... more The article (published in English) explores the thematization of proper names (anthroponyms, chrematonyms and toponyms, including street names) in Czech travelogues describing Soviet Russia (and later the Soviet Union). The material for the study comprised 40 travelogues published in book form and relating to the period 1917–1956. The aim of the article is to demonstrate how proper names function in this type of travelogue as a means of reflecting and promoting Soviet society, its values and ideology. The article also explores how proper names – particularly name changes in response to historical developments – were presented and commented on by the authors of pre- and post- World War II travelogues. Predominantly up to 1945, naming practices under the Bolshevik regime (name changes, new personal and geographical names, the practice of giving ‘revolutionary’ names to children) were viewed as part of the creation of a new Soviet reality and a new society, and the authors emphasized the ideological value and propaganda function of proper names.
Slovo a slovesnost, vol. 78 (2017), no 3, pp. 195–213
Cílem studie je hledat mechanismy, které podmiňují tvoření ženských podob cizích příjmení v češti... more Cílem studie je hledat mechanismy, které podmiňují tvoření ženských podob cizích příjmení v češtině, a to na materiálu Českého národního korpusu SYN, verze 9. Za tímto účelem zkoumáme korpusovou frekvenci jmen evropských prezidentek a premiérek, které působily v časovém rozmezí let 2010–2019, a jmen hereček, jež ve stejném období získaly Oscara za nejlepší ženský herecký výkon. Na základě statistického testování článek zjišťuje, jestli profese, věk nebo možnost skloňovat rodné jméno hrají roli v tom, zda dochází k feminizaci příjmení. Kromě výsledků výzkum naznačuje, že ve hře je mnoho dalších faktorů, například délka jména, pravopisné obtíže nebo mechanismus „syntaktické atrakce“.
The contribution focuses on the use and collocation analysis of basic notions linked to the field... more The contribution focuses on the use and collocation analysis of basic notions linked to the field of onomastics, including those that are specialized (e.g., “proprium”, “anthroponym”, “toponym”, “chrematonym”, etc.) and the ones that are commonly used (e.g., “proper name/naming”). In the latter case, attention will be paid to whether these terms are connected to onomastic contexts. In general, the research analyses sources where the lemmata are used, including their typical surroundings. The goal of the paper is to show how the public perceives onomastics, whether it is familiar with its key terms. The analysis is based on the data of the Czech National Corpus, version 8, opinion-journalism texts.
This text focuses on Czech travelogues about Soviet Russia (and later the Soviet Union) dating fr... more This text focuses on Czech travelogues about Soviet Russia (and later the Soviet Union) dating from the period 1917-1968. The material-consisting of 72 published books-provides new insights into the historical perception of the Soviet Union. Most of the books represent the genre of ideological travel literature. They were written not only by journalists, writers and politicians, but also by members of professional delegations, e.g. firefighters, farmers, etc. The authors' approach to the Soviet state changed during the period under investigation-from the initial desire (in the 1920s and 1930s) to uncover the secrets of the world's first socialist state, to the uncritical admiration of the USSR that characterized the travelogues written during the 1950s, in line with official ideological dictates. This text explores the main tendencies that can be found in Czech travelogues about the Soviet Union, tracing how the treatment of key issues developed and changed over time, describing the strategies used by authors when presenting Soviet society and everyday life, and discussing the thematisation of proper names and the Russian language. Four issues of relevance to historical geography are examined: means of transport, itineraries, the depiction of nature, and the linguistic landscape.
This article addresses the toponymy of the North Bohemian city of Most, Czech Republic, and its d... more This article addresses the toponymy of the North Bohemian city of Most, Czech Republic, and its development during the second half of the 20 th century. The city of Most makes a unique case, as the old city, fi rst documented in the 11 th century, was demolished between 1964 and 1982 to pave the way for coal mining, and replaced by a new one of the same name built by 1987 to the south of the original city area. The article focuses on the urban toponymy of the newly built city of Most (a typical example of a Socialist modernist city), particularly on unoffi cial (popular) forms of urban names as compared to offi cial street name forms, on the transfer of place names and chrematonyms from the old city to the new one, and on the role of place names in the preservation and creation of the local identity and collective memory. The author shows that the support for saving the old city memory on behalf of the state and local authorities has been a threefold initiative implemented through the conservation of the city name, the transfer of street names, and the use of chrematonyms (mostly names of pubs) specifi c to the old city. The analysis of urban place names is based on archival sources (predominantly maps), on a fi eld survey, and on individual and group face-to-face interviews with inhabitants of the city performed in the course of 2014 and 2015. K e y w o r d s: Czech language, city of Most, street names, unoffi cial urbanonymy, popular place names, transonymization, local identity, collective memory.
The paper is focused on the spatial appearance of two place names in the public space in the back... more The paper is focused on the spatial appearance of two place names in the public space in the background of the transonymization process; there are the Czech place names of Anděl (' Angel'; a busy crossroads, Prague) and Kuří rynek ('Chicken Market'; a small square, Ostrava). The paper attempts to provide answers to the following research questions: 1) Is there any mutual relationship between the places delimitation and the place names occurrence? 2) In which forms and for which objects are the namings used? 3) Do the areas delimited by the place names representation in the public space, and those mentally perceived by people living there overlap?
The paper focuses on German forms of place names in Czechia and Slovakia, and Hungarian forms of ... more The paper focuses on German forms of place names in Czechia and Slovakia, and Hungarian forms of place names in Slovakia, especially on their revitalization and perception after 1989. This concerns their thematization, which is illustrated on the Czech National Corpus and the Slovak National Corpus materials, and on the 1990s discussions about their restoration. German place-name forms are not considered to be a crucial political topic these days; however, Hungarian forms still represent a conflict potential. German forms in Czechia are only thematized in poetry and fiction books, in order to evoke lasting time and the complicated modern Czech history. On the other hand, they are predominantly used in trade names as a marketing tool aimed at German (localization function) and Czech customers (allusive function). In Slovakia, Hungarian forms are not used in marketing and are not thematized in fiction as a positive value connected with the national history.
... V prostředí chatu jsou nicky předevím značkami, vyskytujícími se pouze v nominativu, a pokud... more ... V prostředí chatu jsou nicky předevím značkami, vyskytujícími se pouze v nominativu, a pokud si účastníci chatují mezi sebou adresně, automaticky se zobrazuje, kdo s kým komunikuje 14) . ... S. Panyametheekul S. Herring, Gender and Turn Allocation in Thai Chat Room ...
DAVID, J., SEMIAN, M. (2015): Bohemian Manchester, Moravian Klondike and Silesian Versailles: Att... more DAVID, J., SEMIAN, M. (2015): Bohemian Manchester, Moravian Klondike and Silesian Versailles: Attributive structures of foreign place names in contemporary Czech journalism. Slovo a Slovesnost 76/2, pp. 129-147. Exonyms – i.e. toponyms of the type Rakousko, Benátky (‘Austria’, ‘Venice’) – were introduced to the Czech landscape (along with foreign endonyms) in medieval times. During the 19th century, a new, specific application of foreign place names began to appear, and this development forms the focus of the present article. Such words began to feature in attributive structures of the type český, pražský (‘Czech’ or ‘Bohemian’, ‘Prague’s’) + exonym / foreign endonym; many of these structures came into widespread use referring to areas whose boundaries were not clearly delineated or defined, or they served the purposes of marketing and advertising. In the 1990s, the growing influence of a “new” European regionalism and the formation of new territorial entities was accompanied by a r...
The paper is aimed at personal names (anthroponyms) in newspaper reports on Rudolf Slánský's stag... more The paper is aimed at personal names (anthroponyms) in newspaper reports on Rudolf Slánský's staged trial, which was held against the leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia-mostly of the Jewish origin-who were "uncovered" as political enemies; the trial took place in an anti-Semitic atmosphere. The examined texts were published in the period of November 21−28, 1952, in Rudé právo, the main newspaper of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Proper names, mostly personal names, are analysed from several perspectives. The quantitative analysis is focused on the keywords of the studied texts and typical collocations of the names. The qualitative analysis, developing the quantitatively researched data, is aimed at the image of enemy or traitor and its presentation via thematization of personal names. The ways of language presentation of the Jewish origin of the accused are in the scope of the contribution as well. Within the scope of collocation analysis, the newspaper texts on the trial were contrasted with the ones published by Rudé právo on the occasion of Rudolf Slánskýʼs 50 th birthday (July 31, 1951).
PLACE NAMES VARIANTS AND VARIATION IN THE CZECH POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE 1945-1989 PERIOD (the ... more PLACE NAMES VARIANTS AND VARIATION IN THE CZECH POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE 1945-1989 PERIOD (the study is written in Czech)
The study is aimed at variants and variation of place names in the Czech political discourse in the period between 1945 and 1989. It is illustrated with the place names Podkarpatská Rus / Zakarpatská Ukrajina (Carpathian Ruthenia / Zakarpatia), Bahía de Cochinos / Zátoka sviní (Bahía de Cochinos / Bay of Pigs), and Falklandy / Malvíny (the Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas). The usage of a particular form (variant) and the substitution of a place name for its variant reflect the process of their politicization and ideological presentation in that-time political journalism. It also shows their usage in symbolic and metaphorical ways through their occurrences in specific collocations. The analysis is based on the Rudé právo newspaper, the official medium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
CZECH BRAD PITT, MORAVIAN MATA HARI-ANTHROPONYMIC VARIATION IN THE CURRENT CZECH NEWSPAPER OPINIO... more CZECH BRAD PITT, MORAVIAN MATA HARI-ANTHROPONYMIC VARIATION IN THE CURRENT CZECH NEWSPAPER OPINION ARTICLES (the study is written in Czech)
The goal of the study is to present the metaphorical usage of personal names in the news paper opinion articles contained in the Czech National Corpus. The analysis is aimed at attributive collocations with adjectival forms český/moravský/slezský (Czech, Mora vian, Silesian), and pražský/brněnský/ostravský (Prague-Praha, Brno, Ostrava in the adjectival forms) + personal names referring to wellknown foreign people, e.g., česká Edith Piaf, moravský Edison. The research showed that the attributive constructions are more frequent in serious newspapers than in tabloids. The Czech society orientation towards the Western, EuroAmerican civilization is illustrated with the continents (Europe, North America) and states (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the United States of America) to which the selected personal names refer to. The formal aspects of the names are also examined-e.g., their orthography, morphology, coinages of Czech female forms of male surnames and of hypocoristic forms, as well as their usage in communication (e.g., multireference of the construction to various people).
THEMATIZATION OF PLACE NAMES IN THE MEMOIR TEXTS
(AS ILLUSTRATED WITH THE CITIES OF HRADEC KRÁLOV... more THEMATIZATION OF PLACE NAMES IN THE MEMOIR TEXTS (AS ILLUSTRATED WITH THE CITIES OF HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ AND PÍSEK) The goal of the study is to present memoir texts as an important and rich source for onomastic research. The analysis is focused on usage, predominantly on thematization of place names in texts referring to the Czech cities of Hradec Králové and Písek. There are examined the following topics: the city name and urban names forms and appearances in the texts, the relationship between standardized and non-standardized forms of urban names, and etymology and interpretation of the selected urban names in the memoir texts. Place names in the texts are used in different ways – except the fact they identify particular objects and create urban space, they evoke emotional recollections of authors’ childhoods; they are also examined as the formative part of social group identity.
The article (published in English) explores the thematization of proper names (anthroponyms, chre... more The article (published in English) explores the thematization of proper names (anthroponyms, chrematonyms and toponyms, including street names) in Czech travelogues describing Soviet Russia (and later the Soviet Union). The material for the study comprised 40 travelogues published in book form and relating to the period 1917–1956. The aim of the article is to demonstrate how proper names function in this type of travelogue as a means of reflecting and promoting Soviet society, its values and ideology. The article also explores how proper names – particularly name changes in response to historical developments – were presented and commented on by the authors of pre- and post- World War II travelogues. Predominantly up to 1945, naming practices under the Bolshevik regime (name changes, new personal and geographical names, the practice of giving ‘revolutionary’ names to children) were viewed as part of the creation of a new Soviet reality and a new society, and the authors emphasized the ideological value and propaganda function of proper names.
Slovo a slovesnost, vol. 78 (2017), no 3, pp. 195–213
The monograph Obrazy z cest do země sovětů [Images from Journeys to the Land of the Soviets] pres... more The monograph Obrazy z cest do země sovětů [Images from Journeys to the Land of the Soviets] presents an analysis of Czech travelogues describing journeys to Soviet Russia (and later the Soviet Union) between 1917 and 1968. The analysis reveals how Czechoslovak society’s perception and image of Soviet Russia changed during the course of the 20th century as a consequence of political and cultural developments. Critical readings of the travelogues, informed by both literary-historical and linguistic approaches, confirmed the central hypothesis of the study – that travelogues such as these represent a distinctive group of texts which have always responded to and reflected cultural and political changes. At the same time, the travelogues also helped to create an ideological image of Russia – whether pro-Soviet or (less frequently) anti-Soviet. Travelogues during the period under investigation are represented by a large collection of texts (72 in total), ranging from simple descriptive accounts of journeys to examples of reportage and stylized literary texts. We predominantly focused on the most prominent feature of the analyzed texts – their function as tools for political activism or even propaganda, most strongly manifested in texts by left-wing authors. After the communists’ seizure of power in 1948, travelogues describing journeys to the Soviet Union became a means of state-controlled propaganda. The book is published in Czech with English and Russian summaries. The book will be launched during September 2017.
The book of studies (in Czech, edited by Jaroslav David), written by 14 authors, presents both th... more The book of studies (in Czech, edited by Jaroslav David), written by 14 authors, presents both the texts dealing with common problems, and the studies aimed at the place name materials. Place names are presented in specifi c situations where the crucial role is played by their cultural and place -memory-creating values. The important focus is also given to interdisciplinarity and application of new approaches to place names research and interpretation, e.g. critical discourse analysis, the concept of place memory, geographic and anthropological approaches.
The book is focused on toponymy on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. Its characteristics is illus... more The book is focused on toponymy on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. Its characteristics is illustrated by more than 100 thematic chapters that show their history, language specificity, etc.
This book is focused on the development of modern Czech toponymy of the 19th and 20th centuries. ... more This book is focused on the development of modern Czech toponymy of the 19th and 20th centuries. This issue is illustrated with commemorative names, usage names in advertisement and literary texts, and street names.
Historical semantics is a discipline which, due to its methodological diversity and its straddlin... more Historical semantics is a discipline which, due to its methodological diversity and its straddling of the divide between history and linguistics, remains somewhat in the shadow of more established, traditional fields of linguistic and historical research such as diachronic lexicology and word-formation or historical textology and the historiographic interpretation of sources. In its traditional form, represented by Josef Macek’s seminal work Historická sémantika [Historical Semantics, published 1991] and the work of his colleagues and disciples, historical semantics focuses primarily on changes in the meaning of words or word-groups. However, our goal – and the goal of this monograph – lies elsewhere. It is not our aim to provide a systematic description of what historical semantics is, how it developed, or what methods it uses. Nor do we draw directly on the work of Czech linguists working within the field of historical semantics – though we are fully aware of this tradition and of their current work in the field. Instead, our goal is to present new methodological approaches – differing from more traditional methods – which, in our opinion, are suitable for the historical-semantic analysis of language. Our presentation of various topics and surveys of a markedly heuristic nature is solely intended to indicate potential avenues of research and approaches to language, text and semantics in their historical context. We are concerned with seeking new paths not only in historical semantics, but also in textology; we have attempted to demonstrate ways of integrating these fields and bridging the gaps between disciplines. We also focus on the suitability (or unsuitability) of the methods used; we fully acknowledge their limitations. Our ‘non-traditional’ approach to the historical-semantic analysis of language applies a wide variety of methods, from the systematic tracing of the context and collocation of the analyzed lexical items, through the use of corpora consisting of texts delineated on the basis of both genre and date, to the application of quantitative linguistic methods. In this monograph, quantitative methodologies are represented by the analysis of thematic concentration, the measurement of similarity/difference in the choice of thematic words, the tracing of their associations, the determination of key words, and frequency analysis. Many of the research methods applied here are relatively new, representing somewhat pioneering approaches to linguistic text analysis (and even to literary and literary-historical text analysis). In view of this approach, it is understandable that the smaller-scale studies published as part of this grant-funded research project provoked lively debate and polemical discussions (including some uncompromisingly negative responses); the reviewers of this monograph gave a similar response. The broad methodological variety of this monograph Slovo a text v historickém kontextu – perspektivy historickosémantické analýzy jazyka [entitled Word and Text in the Historical Context – Perspectives on the Historical-Semantic Analysis of Language] is mirrored by its broad variety of themes. This variety is also a result of the varying research specializations of the individual members of the authorial team, which encompasses specialists in quantitative linguistics, onomastics, literary history, social history, and lexicology (with a focus on sociolects). The linguistic material analyzed is likewise widely varied. The monograph presents some analyses of selected Old Czech texts, though its main focus is on the 19th and 20th centuries. Using not only literary texts, but also modern ‘engaged’ journalistic writings, political slogans, toponyms and prison slang, the authors demonstrate a range of potential methods of analysis and their application.
The book Názvy míst – paměť, identita, kulturní dědictví [Place Names – Memory, Identity, Cultura... more The book Názvy míst – paměť, identita, kulturní dědictví [Place Names – Memory, Identity, Cultural Heritage] presents the findings of the collaborative four-year NAKI research project Místní a pomístní názvy jako kulturní dědictví a zdroj lokální, regionální a národní identity. Příprava metodiky ochrany místních a pomístních jmen [Place Names as a Significant Component of Cultural Heritage and an Important Source of Local, Regional, and National Identity: Preparing Guidelines for the Preservation of Place Names], www.nazvymist.cz. The project investigated the character and transformation of contemporary toponymy in the Czech Republic. This was illustrated with two young urban localities (Ostrava and Havířov) and eight rural localities (Velké Karlovice, Karolinka, Nový Hrozenkov – Vsetín district; Morávka, Krásná, Raškovice, Pražmo, Vyšní Lhoty – Frýdek-Místek district). The first chapter summarizes the key theoretical and methodological discussions, advances and limitations in the study of place names, with a particular emphasis on popular (non-standardized) toponymy and its role in politics, everyday social practices and communication, place-making, and spatial perception. The chapter also lays out the theoretical and methodological framework for the research carried out in selected urban and rural localities in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. The two subsequent chapters offer an analysis of contemporary place-naming practices in cities and villages, drawing particular attention to new and living toponymy and the differences in toponymic practices among different social groups. The role of toponymy in the linguistic landscape and space-related identity-building is also examined. The final chapter addresses the challenge of thinking about place names as a form of cultural heritage. It discusses the arguments in favour of the conservation of place names, including commemorative street names, but also points out some of the limitations associated with such attempts. Finally, it offers some suggestions on specific procedures, methods and projects which might contribute to the preservation of place names as cultural heritage in both urban and rural localities. The book is the first of its kind in the Czech context, and it opens up certain topics that have so far been neglected or ignored.
Exonyms – i.e. toponyms of the type Rakousko, Benátky (‘Austria’, ‘Venice’) – were introduced to... more Exonyms – i.e. toponyms of the type Rakousko, Benátky (‘Austria’, ‘Venice’) – were introduced to the Czech landscape (along with foreign endonyms) in medieval times. During the 19th century, a new, specific application of foreign place names began to appear, and this development forms the focus of the present article. Such words began to feature in attributive structures of the type český, pražský (‘Czech’ or ‘Bohemian’, ‘Prague’s’) + exonym / foreign endonym; many of these structures came into widespread use referring to areas whose boundaries were not clearly delineated or defined, or they served the purposes of marketing and advertising. In the 1990s, the growing influence of a “new” European regionalism and the formation of new territorial entities was accompanied by a revival of some old regional identities – and, in turn, by the revival of their names. Attributive structures with foreign place names thus began to re-appear in toponymy, and also in advertising or journalism. The analysis presented in this article is based on the SYN PUB component of the Czech National Corpus, and it focuses on the collocations of the lemmas český/moravský/slezský (‘Czech’ or ‘Bohemian’/‘Moravian’/‘Silesian’) + exonym / foreign endonym, aiming to offer insight into the reasons underlying the use of such structures in contemporary journalism.
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Papers by Jaroslav David
The study is aimed at variants and variation of place names in the Czech political discourse in the period between 1945 and 1989. It is illustrated with the place names Podkarpatská Rus / Zakarpatská Ukrajina (Carpathian Ruthenia / Zakarpatia), Bahía de Cochinos / Zátoka sviní (Bahía de Cochinos / Bay of Pigs), and Falklandy / Malvíny (the Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas). The usage of a particular form (variant) and the substitution of a place name for its variant reflect the process of their politicization and ideological presentation in that-time political journalism. It also shows their usage in symbolic and metaphorical ways through their occurrences in specific collocations. The analysis is based on the Rudé právo newspaper, the official medium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
The goal of the study is to present the metaphorical usage of personal names in the news paper opinion articles contained in the Czech National Corpus. The analysis is aimed at attributive collocations with adjectival forms český/moravský/slezský (Czech, Mora vian, Silesian), and pražský/brněnský/ostravský (Prague-Praha, Brno, Ostrava in the adjectival forms) + personal names referring to wellknown foreign people, e.g., česká Edith Piaf, moravský Edison. The research showed that the attributive constructions are more frequent in serious newspapers than in tabloids. The Czech society orientation towards the Western, EuroAmerican civilization is illustrated with the continents (Europe, North America) and states (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the United States of America) to which the selected personal names refer to. The formal aspects of the names are also examined-e.g., their orthography, morphology, coinages of Czech female forms of male surnames and of hypocoristic forms, as well as their usage in communication (e.g., multireference of the construction to various people).
(AS ILLUSTRATED WITH THE CITIES OF HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ
AND PÍSEK)
The goal of the study is to present memoir texts as an important and rich source for
onomastic research. The analysis is focused on usage, predominantly on thematization
of place names in texts referring to the Czech cities of Hradec Králové and Písek.
There are examined the following topics: the city name and urban names forms and
appearances in the texts, the relationship between standardized and non-standardized
forms of urban names, and etymology and interpretation of the selected urban names
in the memoir texts. Place names in the texts are used in different ways – except the
fact they identify particular objects and create urban space, they evoke emotional
recollections of authors’ childhoods; they are also examined as the formative part of
social group identity.
Slovo a slovesnost, vol. 78 (2017), no 3, pp. 195–213
The study is aimed at variants and variation of place names in the Czech political discourse in the period between 1945 and 1989. It is illustrated with the place names Podkarpatská Rus / Zakarpatská Ukrajina (Carpathian Ruthenia / Zakarpatia), Bahía de Cochinos / Zátoka sviní (Bahía de Cochinos / Bay of Pigs), and Falklandy / Malvíny (the Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas). The usage of a particular form (variant) and the substitution of a place name for its variant reflect the process of their politicization and ideological presentation in that-time political journalism. It also shows their usage in symbolic and metaphorical ways through their occurrences in specific collocations. The analysis is based on the Rudé právo newspaper, the official medium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
The goal of the study is to present the metaphorical usage of personal names in the news paper opinion articles contained in the Czech National Corpus. The analysis is aimed at attributive collocations with adjectival forms český/moravský/slezský (Czech, Mora vian, Silesian), and pražský/brněnský/ostravský (Prague-Praha, Brno, Ostrava in the adjectival forms) + personal names referring to wellknown foreign people, e.g., česká Edith Piaf, moravský Edison. The research showed that the attributive constructions are more frequent in serious newspapers than in tabloids. The Czech society orientation towards the Western, EuroAmerican civilization is illustrated with the continents (Europe, North America) and states (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the United States of America) to which the selected personal names refer to. The formal aspects of the names are also examined-e.g., their orthography, morphology, coinages of Czech female forms of male surnames and of hypocoristic forms, as well as their usage in communication (e.g., multireference of the construction to various people).
(AS ILLUSTRATED WITH THE CITIES OF HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ
AND PÍSEK)
The goal of the study is to present memoir texts as an important and rich source for
onomastic research. The analysis is focused on usage, predominantly on thematization
of place names in texts referring to the Czech cities of Hradec Králové and Písek.
There are examined the following topics: the city name and urban names forms and
appearances in the texts, the relationship between standardized and non-standardized
forms of urban names, and etymology and interpretation of the selected urban names
in the memoir texts. Place names in the texts are used in different ways – except the
fact they identify particular objects and create urban space, they evoke emotional
recollections of authors’ childhoods; they are also examined as the formative part of
social group identity.
Slovo a slovesnost, vol. 78 (2017), no 3, pp. 195–213
The book is published in Czech with English and Russian summaries.
The book will be launched during September 2017.
In its traditional form, represented by Josef Macek’s seminal work Historická sémantika [Historical Semantics, published 1991] and the work of his colleagues and disciples, historical semantics focuses primarily on changes in the meaning of words or word-groups. However, our goal – and the goal of this monograph – lies elsewhere. It is not our aim to provide a systematic description of what historical semantics is, how it developed, or what methods it uses. Nor do we draw directly on the work of Czech linguists working within the field of historical semantics – though we are fully aware of this tradition and of their current work in the field. Instead, our goal is to present new methodological approaches – differing from more traditional methods – which, in our opinion, are suitable for the historical-semantic analysis of language. Our presentation of various topics and surveys of a markedly heuristic nature is solely intended to indicate potential avenues of research and approaches to language, text and semantics in their historical context. We are concerned with seeking new paths not only in historical semantics, but also in textology; we have attempted to demonstrate ways of integrating these fields and bridging the gaps between disciplines. We also focus on the suitability (or unsuitability) of the methods used; we fully acknowledge their limitations.
Our ‘non-traditional’ approach to the historical-semantic analysis of language applies a wide variety of methods, from the systematic tracing of the context and collocation of the analyzed lexical items, through the use of corpora consisting of texts delineated on the basis of both genre and date, to the application of quantitative linguistic methods. In this monograph, quantitative methodologies are represented by the analysis of thematic concentration, the measurement of similarity/difference in the choice of thematic words, the tracing of their associations, the determination of key words, and frequency analysis. Many of the research methods applied here are relatively new, representing somewhat pioneering approaches to linguistic text analysis (and even to literary and literary-historical text analysis). In view of this approach, it is understandable that the smaller-scale studies published as part of this grant-funded research project provoked lively debate and polemical discussions (including some uncompromisingly negative responses); the reviewers of this monograph gave a similar response.
The broad methodological variety of this monograph Slovo a text v historickém kontextu – perspektivy historickosémantické analýzy jazyka [entitled Word and Text in the Historical Context – Perspectives on the Historical-Semantic Analysis of Language] is mirrored by its broad variety of themes. This variety is also a result of the varying research specializations of the individual members of the authorial team, which encompasses specialists in quantitative linguistics, onomastics, literary history, social history, and lexicology (with a focus on sociolects). The linguistic material analyzed is likewise widely varied. The monograph presents some analyses of selected Old Czech texts, though its main focus is on the 19th and 20th centuries. Using not only literary texts, but also modern ‘engaged’ journalistic writings, political slogans, toponyms and prison slang, the authors demonstrate a range of potential methods of analysis and their application.
The first chapter summarizes the key theoretical and methodological discussions, advances and limitations in the study of place names, with a particular emphasis on popular (non-standardized) toponymy and its role in politics, everyday social practices and communication, place-making, and spatial perception. The chapter also lays out the theoretical and methodological framework for the research carried out in selected urban and rural localities in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. The two subsequent chapters offer an analysis of contemporary place-naming practices in cities and villages, drawing particular attention to new and living toponymy and the differences in toponymic practices among different social groups. The role of toponymy in the linguistic landscape and space-related identity-building is also examined. The final chapter addresses the challenge of thinking about place names as a form of cultural heritage. It discusses the arguments in favour of the conservation of place names, including commemorative street names, but also points out some of the limitations associated with such attempts. Finally, it offers some suggestions on specific procedures, methods and projects which might contribute to the preservation of place names as cultural heritage in both urban and rural localities. The book is the first of its kind in the Czech context, and it opens up certain topics that have so far been neglected or ignored.