Jack D Sharples
Research Fellow on the Natural Gas Research Programme at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
Lecturer in Energy Politics at the European University in St Petersburg (EUSP) and Researcher at the ENERPO Research Centre.
I also write the monthly and annual 'Gazprom Monitor' reports for the European Geopolitical Forum.
http://gpf-europe.com/egf-files/russia/
http://gpf-europe.com/about/egf-people/
Doctoral degree awarded by the University of Glasgow.
PhD dissertation subject: The role of relations between Gazprom and the Russian state in Russia's gas exports to the EU during the crisis period of 2008 to 2012. Includes considerations of Russia's domestic gas sector, relations with Ukraine and Belarus as key transit states, and Gazprom's export strategy on the EU gas market. Also includes a case study of the Nord Stream pipeline as an illustrative example of the convergence of Gazprom and Russian state interests in the sphere of gas export policy. The key finding of the dissertation is that the relationship between the commercial interests of Gazprom and the political-economic interests of the Russian state is rather nuanced, and that these interests converge and diverge across the three 'policy spheres' of the domestic Russian market, the 'transit' sphere, and the EU gas market. This challenges the reductionist notion that Gazprom is simply a 'tool' of the Russian state.
PhD dissertation title: A Critical Analysis of Russian State and Gazprom Conceptions of Natural Gas as a Strategic Resource and Russia's Gas Exports to the EU During the Medvedev Presidency (2008-2012).
Phone: +44 1865 889134
Lecturer in Energy Politics at the European University in St Petersburg (EUSP) and Researcher at the ENERPO Research Centre.
I also write the monthly and annual 'Gazprom Monitor' reports for the European Geopolitical Forum.
http://gpf-europe.com/egf-files/russia/
http://gpf-europe.com/about/egf-people/
Doctoral degree awarded by the University of Glasgow.
PhD dissertation subject: The role of relations between Gazprom and the Russian state in Russia's gas exports to the EU during the crisis period of 2008 to 2012. Includes considerations of Russia's domestic gas sector, relations with Ukraine and Belarus as key transit states, and Gazprom's export strategy on the EU gas market. Also includes a case study of the Nord Stream pipeline as an illustrative example of the convergence of Gazprom and Russian state interests in the sphere of gas export policy. The key finding of the dissertation is that the relationship between the commercial interests of Gazprom and the political-economic interests of the Russian state is rather nuanced, and that these interests converge and diverge across the three 'policy spheres' of the domestic Russian market, the 'transit' sphere, and the EU gas market. This challenges the reductionist notion that Gazprom is simply a 'tool' of the Russian state.
PhD dissertation title: A Critical Analysis of Russian State and Gazprom Conceptions of Natural Gas as a Strategic Resource and Russia's Gas Exports to the EU During the Medvedev Presidency (2008-2012).
Phone: +44 1865 889134
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Academic Papers by Jack D Sharples
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The trilateral talks between the EU, Russia, and Ukraine regarding the transit of Russian gas via Ukraine beyond the expiry of the existing transit contract, on 31 December 2019, have so far failed to yield a solution. With the deadline fast approaching, the sides remain far apart in their negotiating positions. This Insight assesses the current state of the negotiations, the likelihood of an interruption in Russian gas transit via Ukraine in January 2020, and the potential impact of such a suspension of gas transit.
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Abstract:
Gazprom has traditionally sold gas to its European customers under long-term, oil-indexed contracts. However, in recent years it has been forced to adapt to changing market rules in Europe and an increasingly competitive global gas market. As part of this adaptation, Gazprom launched its Electronic Sales Platform (ESP) on the 20th of September 2018. From this platform, Gazprom has been selling spot volumes to new and existing counterparties, for delivery to ten destinations in central and NW Europe.
This Energy Insight examines the volumetric and pricing outcomes of the first 9 months of trading on the exchange and attempts to draw some initial conclusions about the Gazprom strategy linked to it. Monthly sales volumes now exceed 1 bcm – the equivalent of 8% of Gazprom’s monthly long-term contract sales in Europe, and so are clearly non-negligible. Furthermore, the weighted average price of transactions on the ESP has been below the average price of Gazprom’s LTC sales to Europe since February 2019 and has been between the average hub prices at TTF-Gaspool (floor) and Austria-Slovakia VTPs (ceiling) since April 2019. As a result, it is clear that the new trading platform could be set to play a significant role in Gazprom’s export strategy to Europe and is worthy of increased analytical attention for anyone interested in the development of the European gas market and the role of Russian gas within it.
On the 1st of January 2020, the global shipping sector will face a highly significant shift in the regulation of sulphur emissions from the consumption of shipping fuel. In preparation for that shift, ship owners have several options for achieving regulatory compliance. These include switching to low-sulphur oil-based fuel, installing ‘scrubbers’ to remove sulphur from exhaust gas, and switching to LNG as a bunker fuel.
Stringent limits on sulphur emissions from shipping have been in place in northern Europe since 2006–07, and these limits were lowered in 2010 and 2015. This stepwise approach mirrors (and indeed foreshadows) the approach seen at the global level, where limits on sulphur emissions were introduced in 2005 and tightened in 2012. The shift in January 2020 will replicate, at a global level, the regional change experienced in northern Europe in 2015.
Northern Europe has seen the most substantial development of LNG as a shipping fuel, in terms of supply (bunkering) infrastructure and the growth of a fleet of vessels powered by LNG. This region therefore represents a valuable case study, through which this paper identifies the main drivers of the uptake of LNG as a shipping fuel, and the extent to which the experience of northern Europe may be repeated at a global level post-2020. The paper concludes that, with the global LNG market expanding and the size of the global LNG-fuelled fleet set to double by 2022, global demand for LNG as a bunker fuel is set to grow significantly.
Abstract: With European gas import demand having risen substantially since 2014, Gazprom has dramatically increased its sales on the European market. In Q1 2018, Gazprom reported record daily gas exports to Europe in late February and early March. This Comment addresses the question of how those volumes were delivered to the market, and the extent to which the infrastructure for delivery of those volumes was used, highlighting that, in times of peak European gas import demand, full utilisation of the Nord Stream and Yamal-Europe pipelines left Ukraine as the only transit route with spare capacity. Until Nord Stream 2 and Turkish Stream are built, Gazprom will remain dependent on gas transit via Ukraine throughout the year, with Ukraine providing substantial flows in summer as European gas storage facilities are refilled, and a combination of significant flows and additional spare capacity in the winter peak demand period.
Abstract: The arrival of the first Russian LNG supplies to the UK coincided with the deterioration of UK-Russia diplomatic relations, triggering debates over the role of Russia in UK hydrocarbon imports. Although Russia is the largest supplier of UK coal imports, coal is being phased out of UK energy consumption. Russia is just one of several substantial suppliers of crude oil and refined oil products to the UK, with levels of UK oil demand being strongly linked to developments in the UK transportation fuel mix. By contrast, natural gas is the largest source of UK heat and power generation, and underpins non-transportation sector energy consumption. UK gas import demand is currently largely met by pipeline imports from Norway and LNG imports from Qatar. However, as the UK seeks to cope with fluctuations in domestic gas demand through increased LNG imports and gas trade with north-western Europe, following the closure of the UK’s only seasonal gas storage facility, the challenge to UK energy security is not dependence on Russian gas supplies but rather increasing exposure to international gas market volatility.
Abstract: Gazprom has confounded many expectations by enjoying two record years of gas sales in Europe in 2016 and 2017. External factors have certainly played a role in its success, with overall European demand rebounding, indigenous production continuing to fall and alternative sources of imports failing to deliver at the expected levels (especially LNG). In addition, Gazprom has demonstrated a level of flexibility in its pricing strategy that has kept its gas very competitive, with the result that its market share in Europe has grown to 35%. However, the anticipation that this figure could rise towards 40% and above has led EU politicians and policy-makers to become concerned about over-dependence on Russian gas, and many now wish to ensure that Gazprom’s future options are limited by obstructing potential new pipelines. In addition the politics surrounding Ukraine, the imposition of stricter US sanctions, questions surrounding the DG COMP investigation into Gazprom’s activities and the Stockholm arbitration ruling over contracts with Ukraine add further layers of complexity. This paper therefore explores whether Gazprom’s two anni mirabiles in 2016 and 2017 can be repeated or whether Russian gas faces a more challenging environment in the rest of the decade.
It also begs the question: how do fossil fuel producers adapt to the era of climate change? The case study presented in this chapter, which examines the activities of the Russian state-owned gas company, Gazprom, offers substantial evidence to support the argument that state regulation of, and intervention in, markets significantly influences the strategies of such commercial actors.
Full citation:
Sharples, Jack, and Judge, Andrew, 2016. 'Russian gas supplies to Europe: The likelihood and potential impact of an interruption in gas transit via Ukraine'. In: ECSSR eds, Future energy trends: Innovation, markets, and geopolitics. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Research (ECSSR).
One of the key aims of the 'Energy union' project is to promote the development of cross-border interconnections between EU member states. This chapter examines the mechanisms already in place for the promotion of such infrastructure development, and how these mechanisms could be improved.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The trilateral talks between the EU, Russia, and Ukraine regarding the transit of Russian gas via Ukraine beyond the expiry of the existing transit contract, on 31 December 2019, have so far failed to yield a solution. With the deadline fast approaching, the sides remain far apart in their negotiating positions. This Insight assesses the current state of the negotiations, the likelihood of an interruption in Russian gas transit via Ukraine in January 2020, and the potential impact of such a suspension of gas transit.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract:
Gazprom has traditionally sold gas to its European customers under long-term, oil-indexed contracts. However, in recent years it has been forced to adapt to changing market rules in Europe and an increasingly competitive global gas market. As part of this adaptation, Gazprom launched its Electronic Sales Platform (ESP) on the 20th of September 2018. From this platform, Gazprom has been selling spot volumes to new and existing counterparties, for delivery to ten destinations in central and NW Europe.
This Energy Insight examines the volumetric and pricing outcomes of the first 9 months of trading on the exchange and attempts to draw some initial conclusions about the Gazprom strategy linked to it. Monthly sales volumes now exceed 1 bcm – the equivalent of 8% of Gazprom’s monthly long-term contract sales in Europe, and so are clearly non-negligible. Furthermore, the weighted average price of transactions on the ESP has been below the average price of Gazprom’s LTC sales to Europe since February 2019 and has been between the average hub prices at TTF-Gaspool (floor) and Austria-Slovakia VTPs (ceiling) since April 2019. As a result, it is clear that the new trading platform could be set to play a significant role in Gazprom’s export strategy to Europe and is worthy of increased analytical attention for anyone interested in the development of the European gas market and the role of Russian gas within it.
On the 1st of January 2020, the global shipping sector will face a highly significant shift in the regulation of sulphur emissions from the consumption of shipping fuel. In preparation for that shift, ship owners have several options for achieving regulatory compliance. These include switching to low-sulphur oil-based fuel, installing ‘scrubbers’ to remove sulphur from exhaust gas, and switching to LNG as a bunker fuel.
Stringent limits on sulphur emissions from shipping have been in place in northern Europe since 2006–07, and these limits were lowered in 2010 and 2015. This stepwise approach mirrors (and indeed foreshadows) the approach seen at the global level, where limits on sulphur emissions were introduced in 2005 and tightened in 2012. The shift in January 2020 will replicate, at a global level, the regional change experienced in northern Europe in 2015.
Northern Europe has seen the most substantial development of LNG as a shipping fuel, in terms of supply (bunkering) infrastructure and the growth of a fleet of vessels powered by LNG. This region therefore represents a valuable case study, through which this paper identifies the main drivers of the uptake of LNG as a shipping fuel, and the extent to which the experience of northern Europe may be repeated at a global level post-2020. The paper concludes that, with the global LNG market expanding and the size of the global LNG-fuelled fleet set to double by 2022, global demand for LNG as a bunker fuel is set to grow significantly.
Abstract: With European gas import demand having risen substantially since 2014, Gazprom has dramatically increased its sales on the European market. In Q1 2018, Gazprom reported record daily gas exports to Europe in late February and early March. This Comment addresses the question of how those volumes were delivered to the market, and the extent to which the infrastructure for delivery of those volumes was used, highlighting that, in times of peak European gas import demand, full utilisation of the Nord Stream and Yamal-Europe pipelines left Ukraine as the only transit route with spare capacity. Until Nord Stream 2 and Turkish Stream are built, Gazprom will remain dependent on gas transit via Ukraine throughout the year, with Ukraine providing substantial flows in summer as European gas storage facilities are refilled, and a combination of significant flows and additional spare capacity in the winter peak demand period.
Abstract: The arrival of the first Russian LNG supplies to the UK coincided with the deterioration of UK-Russia diplomatic relations, triggering debates over the role of Russia in UK hydrocarbon imports. Although Russia is the largest supplier of UK coal imports, coal is being phased out of UK energy consumption. Russia is just one of several substantial suppliers of crude oil and refined oil products to the UK, with levels of UK oil demand being strongly linked to developments in the UK transportation fuel mix. By contrast, natural gas is the largest source of UK heat and power generation, and underpins non-transportation sector energy consumption. UK gas import demand is currently largely met by pipeline imports from Norway and LNG imports from Qatar. However, as the UK seeks to cope with fluctuations in domestic gas demand through increased LNG imports and gas trade with north-western Europe, following the closure of the UK’s only seasonal gas storage facility, the challenge to UK energy security is not dependence on Russian gas supplies but rather increasing exposure to international gas market volatility.
Abstract: Gazprom has confounded many expectations by enjoying two record years of gas sales in Europe in 2016 and 2017. External factors have certainly played a role in its success, with overall European demand rebounding, indigenous production continuing to fall and alternative sources of imports failing to deliver at the expected levels (especially LNG). In addition, Gazprom has demonstrated a level of flexibility in its pricing strategy that has kept its gas very competitive, with the result that its market share in Europe has grown to 35%. However, the anticipation that this figure could rise towards 40% and above has led EU politicians and policy-makers to become concerned about over-dependence on Russian gas, and many now wish to ensure that Gazprom’s future options are limited by obstructing potential new pipelines. In addition the politics surrounding Ukraine, the imposition of stricter US sanctions, questions surrounding the DG COMP investigation into Gazprom’s activities and the Stockholm arbitration ruling over contracts with Ukraine add further layers of complexity. This paper therefore explores whether Gazprom’s two anni mirabiles in 2016 and 2017 can be repeated or whether Russian gas faces a more challenging environment in the rest of the decade.
It also begs the question: how do fossil fuel producers adapt to the era of climate change? The case study presented in this chapter, which examines the activities of the Russian state-owned gas company, Gazprom, offers substantial evidence to support the argument that state regulation of, and intervention in, markets significantly influences the strategies of such commercial actors.
Full citation:
Sharples, Jack, and Judge, Andrew, 2016. 'Russian gas supplies to Europe: The likelihood and potential impact of an interruption in gas transit via Ukraine'. In: ECSSR eds, Future energy trends: Innovation, markets, and geopolitics. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Research (ECSSR).
One of the key aims of the 'Energy union' project is to promote the development of cross-border interconnections between EU member states. This chapter examines the mechanisms already in place for the promotion of such infrastructure development, and how these mechanisms could be improved.
Note: These slides were not actually shown during my contribution, but I used them as notes during my verbal presentation
- The EU antimonopoly investigation in to Gazprom
- Nord Stream II
- The transit of Russia gas to the EU via Ukraine
• Nord Stream: Daily gas flows from Russia to Germany via Nord Stream stable at full capacity in Jan-Apr 2020
• Ukraine: Gazprom’s exports to Europe via Ukraine stable in April
• Southern Corridor: Turk Stream operates well below capacity in Q1 2020
• Asia: Power of Siberia supplies resume after maintenance and Gazprom announces plans for 2020; Gazprom continues work on expansion of Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok pipeline; Price of Russian gas to China revealed but pricing formula remains a secret
• Nord Stream 2: Russian pipelaying vessel continues its journey to Europe; Deadline approaching for final decision on regulation of NS2 in German territorial waters as Polish PGNiG joins the procedure
• Ukraine: Russian gas transit via Ukraine in Q1-2020 down by 51% year-on-year
• Asia: Power of Siberia undergoes maintenance in March; Gazprom launches pre-investment phase for Power of Siberia 2
• Nord Stream 2: Russian pipe-laying vessel continues journey to Europe
• Southern Corridor: First 1 bcm delivered via Turkish Stream as Turkey’s gas imports continue to decline; Gazprom and Bulgargaz agree price reduction as Bulgaria seeks supply diversification; Serbian regulator approves Gastrans as TSO for Serbian Turkish Stream connection
• Ukraine: Naftogaz publishes results for 2019: Stable transit and still no direct purchases from Gazprom
• Nord Stream 2: Construction of final section of Nord Stream 2 halted due to US sanctions
• Turkish Stream: Turkish Stream is formally launched; The impact of Turkish Stream on regional gas flows; Turkish Stream extensions to Serbia & Hungary
• Ukraine: Agreement reached on Russian gas transit via Ukraine; Compromises that facilitated the agreement; The continued role of Naftogaz; Will the capacity be enough for Gazprom in 2020? Potential Ukrainian transit in 2022-2024; 2021: An infrastructure gap to be bridged
• Nord Stream: Race to finish Nord Stream 2 before probable US sanctions take effect
• Southern Corridor: Turkish Stream set for launch on 8th of January 2020 as Russian President accuses Bulgaria of delaying work on its onward section of Turkish Stream; Bulgartransgaz Executive Director promises transit of gas from Turkish Stream via Bulgaria to Greece and North Macedonia if Ukrainian transit suspended
• Ukraine: Naftogaz CEO sees little chance of new transit deal before 31st December ahead of latest trilateral talks on 19th of December
• Nord Stream: Russian Deputy Energy Minister announces Nord Stream 2 start up in ‘mid 2020’; EUGAL pipeline on course for 1st of January launch
• Southern Corridor: Both lines of Turkish Stream are filled up with gas; Bulgartransgaz offers new south-to-north pipeline capacity from 1st of January 2020
• Ukraine: Gazprom submits proposal for Ukraine transit deal; Swedish court rejects Gazprom appeal against first arbitration award – Further hearings on second and third awards expected in 2020
• Asia: Gazprom launches pipeline gas deliveries to China via Power of Siberia; Gazprom makes first LNG delivery to Mongolia – by rail
• Gazprom on the European market: Results of Gazprom’s ESP sales in October; Gazprom-owned FSRU leaves Kaliningrad
• Nord Stream: Danish authorities grant permission for Nord Stream 2 construction; Context: Nord Stream 2 construction schedule; When will Nord Stream 2 be launched?
• Southern Corridor: Turkish Stream first line being filled with gas ahead of planned launch on 1st January 2020
• Ukraine: EU Commissioner for Energy Union ‘disappointed’ by latest round of Gazprom-Naftogaz talks; Naftogaz expands capacity to import gas from Poland
• Asia: Gazprom completes filling of Power of Siberia with gas, ahead of planned launch on 1st December 2019
• Main story: Court of Justice of the EU rules on Gazprom’s utilisation of the OPAL pipeline
• Gazprom on the European market: First anniversary of Gazprom’s Electronic Sales Platform
• Ukraine: Naftogaz buys gas for Q1 2020 delivery as Ukrainian storage levels continue to rise; Gazprom CEO briefs President Putin on winter preparations; Ukrainian government approves unbundling of Ukrainian pipeline system from Naftogaz; EU, Russia, Ukraine trilateral gas talks held in Brussels
• Nord Stream: Nord Stream 2 AG continues legal challenge to EU Gas Directive amendment under Energy Charter Treaty
• Southern Corridor: Bulgaria awards construction contract for ‘Balkan Stream’ as onward extension of Turkish Stream; Bulgartransgaz plans south-to-north gas flows from Turkey to Romania;
• Asia: Novatek reaches FID on Arctic LNG 2 as the company develops its ability to ship LNG to Asia
• Gazprom on the European market: Gazprom Group’s European sales volumes fall, but revenues stable; Appetite for Russian gas fades as European gas storage reaches full capacity; Results of August sales on Gazprom’s ESP: Sales volumes fall from July peak; Gazprom-owned FSRU leased to OMV
• Southern Corridor: Turkish Stream receiving terminal in Turkey 95 per cent complete – first supplies planned by the end of the year
• Nord Stream: Finnish section of Nord Stream 2 completed, as 75 per cent of Nord Stream 2 is laid
• Asia: Progress with Power of Siberia as major gas field is connected to the pipeline
• Gazprom on the European market: Results of July sales on Gazprom’s ESP: Sales volumes double mon-on-month as deliveries to Austria and Slovakia rebound; Gazprom-owned FSRU leaves Kaliningrad
• Nord Stream: Nord Stream 2 construction companies face potential US sanctions; Gazprom launches legal challenge to 3rd Gas Directive amendments affecting Nord Stream 2
• Southern Corridor: Second line of Turkish Stream to pass through Bulgaria, not Greece – Russian FM; Turkish Stream faces Bulgarian delay to end of 2020; Hungary and Serbia sign agreement on Turkish Stream
• Asia: Gazprom signs gas purchases contract with Turkmengaz
• Gazprom on the European market: Results of June sales on Gazprom’s ESP: Prompt sales reach new peak and focus on deliveries to Germany; Gazprom signs gas supply contract with German VNG; Gazprom plans new power plant in Serbia
• Nord Stream: Nord Stream 2 project company withdraws proposal for route through Danish territorial waters; Nord Stream 2 construction continues
• Southern Corridor: Turkish Stream onshore sections closer to completion; Work continues on Serbian pipeline connected to Turkish Stream; Bulgaria holds tender for construction of compressor stations for ‘Turkish Stream’-linked pipeline
• Ukraine: EU Energy Union Commissioner Šefčovič announces next round of Gazprom-Naftogaz talks to take place in September; Gazprom dismisses Naftogaz offer of transit swaps; Naftogaz unlikely to agree to Gazprom’s proposed ‘zero option’
• Asia: Price is the only remaining question regarding Gazprom’s gas supplies to western China, but it is also the most important one
• Gazprom on the European market: Results of May sales on Gazprom’s ESP: Growing sales volumes and a new delivery destination on the German-Czech border
• Nord Stream: Danish public consultation begins on third Nord Stream 2 route; More than half of Nord Stream 2 laid in Baltic Sea
• Southern Corridor: Gazprom aims for 31st December 2019 Turkish Stream launch date; 2018 results show year-on-year decline in Russian gas exports to Turkey; Q1 2019 shows continued decline in Russian gas supplies to Turkey, as Gazprom’s relations with private importers deteriorate
• Ukraine: EU Energy Union Commissioner Šefčovič set to visit Moscow on 13th of June to discuss next round of Gazprom-Naftogaz talks; Gazprom appeals arrest of assets in Luxembourg; Naftogaz files complaint with European Commission over Gazprom’s ‘anticompetitive practices’
• Asia: Gazprom press conference addresses launch and ramp-up of supplies to China
• Nord Stream: Nord Stream 2 submits new application for Danish construction permit; Amendments to EU Gas Directive voted into law by European Parliament and Council; Nord Stream 2 threatens legal action against EU under Energy Charter Treaty provisions; Nord Stream 2 construction continues as 1,000 km of pipeline are laid
• Ukraine: Ukrainian gas traders see potential for gas trade with European counterparts; Naftogaz could offer Gazprom 10-year transit contract for 60 bcm per year
• Southern Corridor: How Turkish Stream could impact Gazprom’s need for Ukrainian transit
• Asia: Gazprom resumes gas imports from Turkmenistan on short-term contract to 30th June 2019
• Other: Shell withdraws from Baltic LNG project as Gazprom changes the project concept
• Nord Stream: Denmark delays issuing construction permit, requests further environmental research; Nord Stream 2 faces delay beyond the end of 2019
• Southern Corridor: Gazprom launches construction of gas-fired power plant in Serbia; Serbian regulators offer exemptions to Serbian section of Turkish Stream and open season is conducted
• Ukraine: Naftogaz CEO confident that Nord Stream 2 won’t be launched by 1st January 2020, states Naftogaz willing to sign new transit contract
• Other: Gazprom launches full-scale development of Kharasavey gas field on Yamal Peninsula
• Gazprom on the European market: Gazprom reaches record share of European gas market; Results of February sales on Gazprom’s ESP; Lithuania joins Polish legal challenge against European Commission over settlement of Gazprom investigation
• Southern Corridor: Bulgarian section of Turkish Stream faces delay with appeal over procurement; European Energy Community offers opinion on proposed exemption from EU gas market regulations for Serbian section of Turkish Stream
• Belarus: Presidents of Russia and Belarus meet in Sochi and stress ongoing discussion of gas supplies
• Asia: Gazprom and CNPC bring forward Power of Siberia launch date to 1st of December 2019
• Other: Gazprom Investor Day presentation recaps LNG activity in 2018 and progress on planned projects
• Gazprom on the European market: Gazprom launches day-ahead sales on its Electronic Sales Platform; Gazprom sets new record for sales to Europe in 2018, as strong sales continue in 2019
• Nord Stream: Gazprom announces that Nord Stream operated at full capacity in 2018; Nord Stream 2 to begin pipe-laying in Swedish waters; Nord Stream 2 first and second lines to be ready in November and December, says project company; U.S. government continues to threaten sanctions against Nord Stream 2; EU considering changes to Gas Directive and application to offshore pipelines
• Southern Corridor: Serbia enthusiastic for Turkish Stream participation while Russia plays it cool; Bulgaria completes open season for Turkish Stream connection
• Ukraine: Swiss court overturns blocking of payments from Nord Stream 1 and 2 project companies to Gazprom; Trilateral talks in Brussels on Russian gas transit via Ukraine post-2019
• Other: Gazprom launches LNG import FSRU in Kaliningrad
• Gazprom on the European market: Gazprom set to surpass 2017 sales volumes in Europe, as total sales of 200 bcm remains the company target; Gazprom sells 0.5 bcm for delivery in January 2019 via its online Electronic Sales Platform (ESP);
• Nord Stream: European Parliament adopts non-binding resolution condemning Nord Stream 2; Pioneering Spirit pipe-laying vessel ready for deployment to Nord Stream 2 project
• Southern Corridor: Russian President mulls possibility of Turkish Stream gas being delivered to Italy via Greece, as construction of onshore section begins in Turkey
• Ukraine: Naftogaz files lawsuits in New York and Texas as it seeks evidence of Gazprom’s assets in Europe
• Other: Gazprom brings third and final production unit on stream at giant Bovanenkovo field
• Gazprom on the European market: Gazprom continues to expect record-breaking year for exports to Europe, despite fall in export growth rate; WTO delays its response to appeals by Russia and the EU – No new date proposed; Gazprom and OMV agree to increase gas supplies as Austria imports record amount of Russian gas; Gazprom curtails sales via Electronic Sales Platform for delivery in Q4 2018, begins sales for delivery in Q1 2019
• Nord Stream: Over 200 km of Nord Stream 2 pipeline has been laid in the Baltic Sea
• Southern Corridor: Turkish Stream offshore section completed
• Ukraine: Naftogaz retains more of Gazprom’s overpayment for gas transit to offset arbitration award; Swiss court blocks payments from Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2 project companies to Gazprom; Transit of Russian gas via Ukraine in Jan-Oct down 7.3% year-on-year as Naftogaz stockpiles gas for winter
• Other: First ship-to-ship transfer of cargo from Novatek-led Yamal LNG, as production launches at third train; Novatek courts investors for Arctic LNG 2
• Gazprom on the European market: Gazprom CEO predicts another record-breaking year for Gazprom’s exports to Europe in 2018
• Nord Stream: Third pipe-laying vessel begins work on Nord Stream 2 in the Baltic Sea; Danish Energy Agency launches public consultation on Environmental Impact Assessment for Nord Stream 2
• Southern Corridor: Turkish Stream offshore section is 95% complete
• Ukraine: Naftogaz retains overpayment for gas transit by Gazprom as part of effort to collect arbitration award
• Asia: Power of Siberia is 95% complete; Gazprom confirms intention to expand Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok pipeline
• Other: Gazprom to restart gas imports from Turkmenistan in 2019
• Gazprom on the European market: EU and Russia file appeals against WTO ruling on EU-Russia case; Gazprom conducts first sales via Electronic Sales Platform (ESP)
• Nord Stream: Pipe-laying for Nord Stream 2 begins in Finland; Nord Stream 2 project company has laid half of 30km parallel pipelines in German shallow waters; Mixed messages on Nord Stream 2 as Russian and US Energy Ministers meet in Moscow; US sanctions against Nord Stream 2: State of play
• Southern Corridor: Gazprom: Turkish Stream is 80% complete
• Ukraine: Svea Court of Appeal in Stockholm reinstates enforcement of arbitration award in favour of Naftogaz
• Asia: Gazprom and Japanese Mitsui sign MoU on Baltic LNG project
Gazprom has to guarantee firm gas deliveries to its customers, or the value of its gas goes down; not everyone however sees its direct pipelines to market in the same, benign light.
Authors: Ben McPherson (Primary) and Jack Sharples (Secondary)
Интервью с Антоном Барбашином для журнала 'World Economic Journal'. Опубликованно в июле 2014, но мы сделали этот интервью в конце мая 2014.
Interviewer: Hayden Berry
Originally published in Issue No 42 (November 2014) of the Gazprom Monitor.
http://www.gla.ac.uk/services/postgraduateresearch/scholarships/macrobertson/macrobertsonscholarshipreports/2011-12/jacksharples-moscow/