Казарницкий А.А., Григорьев А.П., Капинус Ю.О., Громов А.В., Хохлов А.А. Краниоскопические данные о населении степной и лесостепной зон Восточной Европы IV–III тыс. до н. э. // Краткие сообщения Института археологии, 2021, №262. С. 115-128., May 2021
В статье представлены результаты изучения шести краниоскопических признаков на 487 черепах раннег... more В статье представлены результаты изучения шести краниоскопических признаков на 487 черепах раннего и среднего этапов эпохи бронзы из степной и лесостепной зон Восточной Европы. Выборки сформированы в основном по культурно-территориальному принципу. Межгрупповая изменчивость изученных признаков анализировалась с помощью таблиц сопряженности, точного критерия Фишера и метода главных компонент. Зафиксировано значительное морфологическое разнообразие локальных групп ямной культуры, сопоставимое с различиями между современными географически отдаленными европеоидными популяциями разного происхождения. Отмечено сходство носителей полтавкинской культуры и населения катакомбных культур, проживавших к северу от нижнего течения Дона. Происхождение носителей катакомбных культур более южных регионов (вдоль левых притоков Нижнего Дона, в волго-донском междуречье и в Северо-Западном Прикаспии) связано, вероятно, с населением Кавказа и Закавказья.
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«Прочнее меди». Сборник статей в честь 80-летия В. А. Дергачева. Серия «Библиотека Stratum». Кишинев: Stratum Plus
The paper reports on the osteometric data of skeletons from the burials of the Kozhumberdy group of the Late Bronze Age Alakul Culture (Southern Ural). The research is aimed to reveal the character of the variability of osteometric features of the sample group and its comparison with synchronous groups of the steppe zone of Eurasia. Twenty-four male and seventeen female skeletons were investigated. Taking into account the poor preservation of the material, a new method of identification of sex, developed by I.M. Sineva, was applied. The results of the study of the series by statistical methods (principal component analysis, nonparametric Mann — Whitney criterion) are presented. A high degree of morphological diversity of the variants of the skeletal development under the dominance of a rather gracile osteological complex within the Bronze Age of the steppe Eurasia is observed. Several individuals, characterized by the increased size of the skeleton, are distinguished. The similarity of the main part of the studied sample group with the synchronous population of the steppe-forest-steppe zone of the Cis-Urals and Upper Ob Basin is revealed. At the same time, the Kozhumberdy group morphologically differs from the agricultural population of the Bronze Age in Central Asia. These results indicate the main direction of the morphological links of the Kozhumberdy group of the Alakul Culture with the sample groups of the Sintashta Culture of the Cis-Urals and Andronovo Culture of Western Siberia. There is also present an insignificant component associated with the Early Bronze Age population of the steppe Volga-Ural region (the Yamnaya Culture). The assumption made previously on the basis of the study of craniological materials about a single morphological basis for the formation of the population of the Alakul and Srubnaya Cultures of the Bronze Age is not confirmed. The main component in the formation of the physical appearance of the Srubnaya population is the local Volga-Ural population. As the morphological basis for the formation of the Alakul Ural-Mugodzhar group we consider the Sintashta population of the Cis-Urals.
Key words: I burial ground Tverdilovo, Srubna culture, Late Bronze Age, Sarmatian lture, Early Iron Age.
On the skeletons from the burials of the Abashev culture in different regions of localization, the Middle and Lower Volga regions, Don and Ural regions as a whole, quite numerous traces of trauma (33.3 % of all individuals) of a different nature were found. In total, this is the highest indicator among other cultures of the Bronze Age of the Volga-Ural region. This can be confidently interpreted as evidence of high social tension and the presence of military clashes in the Volga-Ural region during the period of the beginning of cultural trans-formations in the region.
This definitely testifies in favor of the many-sided contacts of the Abashev groups, which at certain periods of time, apparently, were also accompanied by rather active hostilities. The previously voiced conclusion is supported, according to which the Abashev popula-tion, spreading to the east and assimilating local tribes, gradually changed its physical appearance.
The high sociability of the Abashevites had a significant impact on the birth of the Volga-Ural focus of cultural genesis during the final of the Middle Bronze Age. The Potapov-Sintashta collectives inherited the property of active integration, the inclusion of foreign groups in the new cultures emerging in the borderlands of Europe and Asia. The sought-after physical trail of the Abashevites as part of their territorial followers of the South Ural geographical province is still difficult to find. However, it is more and more obvious, first of all, based on the materials of the Volga-Ural region, a picture is drawn in which, in the composition of the Potapovo and Sintashta cultures, the Abashev components can be identified in the face of craniological complexes with the presence of one or another proportion of uraloid features, which are manifested not only in the materials of Abashevskaya and Volsko-lbischenskaya cultures of the Volga-Ural forest-steppe, but also among the broad-faced Taush-Kassa group of the Middle Volga region.
Самарский научный вестник, Т.9, №4
Samara Journal of Science, Vol. 9, iss. 4
Based on statistical calculations on the bones and departments of postcranial skeletons size from necropolises of the 18th-19th centuries in the city of Samara, new rubrics were developed and presented. Numerical categories make it possible to assess the degree of physical development of the skeletal base, both in absolute and relative characteristics, for a mature population, primarily, immediately prior to the modern stage. The number of indicative features that differentiate body segments at the individual level is increased in comparison with previous methods. These include the clavicular-humeral and clavicular-pelvic pointers, as well as the conditional indicator of the skeleton volume, developed by G. F. Debets [Debets, 1964]. These tables are compiled for both men and women.
The authors’ development can be used in the practice of medico-legal and forensic examinations, and, to a certain extent, in the study of paleoanthropological material related to the Caucasoid population of Eurasia.
железного века на территории Южного Приуралья. Методами многомерной статистики (анализ главных ком-
понент и дискриминантный канонический анализ) выявлены морфологические особенности остеологической
конституции ранних кочевников VI–II вв. до н.э. Они заключаются в больших продольных характеристиках
трубчатых костей и относительном удлинении дистальных отделов конечностей при повышенной изменчивос-
ти продольных размеров. По комплексу признаков ранние кочевники Южного Приуралья морфологически
близки населению эпохи поздней бронзы Волго-Уральского региона, а также группе тагарской культуры Юж-
ной Сибири. В следствие этого в составе населения Южного Приуралья VI–II вв. до н.э. можно предположить
существование как автохтонного, так и пришлого антропологических компонентов.
«Прочнее меди». Сборник статей в честь 80-летия В. А. Дергачева. Серия «Библиотека Stratum». Кишинев: Stratum Plus
The paper reports on the osteometric data of skeletons from the burials of the Kozhumberdy group of the Late Bronze Age Alakul Culture (Southern Ural). The research is aimed to reveal the character of the variability of osteometric features of the sample group and its comparison with synchronous groups of the steppe zone of Eurasia. Twenty-four male and seventeen female skeletons were investigated. Taking into account the poor preservation of the material, a new method of identification of sex, developed by I.M. Sineva, was applied. The results of the study of the series by statistical methods (principal component analysis, nonparametric Mann — Whitney criterion) are presented. A high degree of morphological diversity of the variants of the skeletal development under the dominance of a rather gracile osteological complex within the Bronze Age of the steppe Eurasia is observed. Several individuals, characterized by the increased size of the skeleton, are distinguished. The similarity of the main part of the studied sample group with the synchronous population of the steppe-forest-steppe zone of the Cis-Urals and Upper Ob Basin is revealed. At the same time, the Kozhumberdy group morphologically differs from the agricultural population of the Bronze Age in Central Asia. These results indicate the main direction of the morphological links of the Kozhumberdy group of the Alakul Culture with the sample groups of the Sintashta Culture of the Cis-Urals and Andronovo Culture of Western Siberia. There is also present an insignificant component associated with the Early Bronze Age population of the steppe Volga-Ural region (the Yamnaya Culture). The assumption made previously on the basis of the study of craniological materials about a single morphological basis for the formation of the population of the Alakul and Srubnaya Cultures of the Bronze Age is not confirmed. The main component in the formation of the physical appearance of the Srubnaya population is the local Volga-Ural population. As the morphological basis for the formation of the Alakul Ural-Mugodzhar group we consider the Sintashta population of the Cis-Urals.
Key words: I burial ground Tverdilovo, Srubna culture, Late Bronze Age, Sarmatian lture, Early Iron Age.
On the skeletons from the burials of the Abashev culture in different regions of localization, the Middle and Lower Volga regions, Don and Ural regions as a whole, quite numerous traces of trauma (33.3 % of all individuals) of a different nature were found. In total, this is the highest indicator among other cultures of the Bronze Age of the Volga-Ural region. This can be confidently interpreted as evidence of high social tension and the presence of military clashes in the Volga-Ural region during the period of the beginning of cultural trans-formations in the region.
This definitely testifies in favor of the many-sided contacts of the Abashev groups, which at certain periods of time, apparently, were also accompanied by rather active hostilities. The previously voiced conclusion is supported, according to which the Abashev popula-tion, spreading to the east and assimilating local tribes, gradually changed its physical appearance.
The high sociability of the Abashevites had a significant impact on the birth of the Volga-Ural focus of cultural genesis during the final of the Middle Bronze Age. The Potapov-Sintashta collectives inherited the property of active integration, the inclusion of foreign groups in the new cultures emerging in the borderlands of Europe and Asia. The sought-after physical trail of the Abashevites as part of their territorial followers of the South Ural geographical province is still difficult to find. However, it is more and more obvious, first of all, based on the materials of the Volga-Ural region, a picture is drawn in which, in the composition of the Potapovo and Sintashta cultures, the Abashev components can be identified in the face of craniological complexes with the presence of one or another proportion of uraloid features, which are manifested not only in the materials of Abashevskaya and Volsko-lbischenskaya cultures of the Volga-Ural forest-steppe, but also among the broad-faced Taush-Kassa group of the Middle Volga region.
Самарский научный вестник, Т.9, №4
Samara Journal of Science, Vol. 9, iss. 4
Based on statistical calculations on the bones and departments of postcranial skeletons size from necropolises of the 18th-19th centuries in the city of Samara, new rubrics were developed and presented. Numerical categories make it possible to assess the degree of physical development of the skeletal base, both in absolute and relative characteristics, for a mature population, primarily, immediately prior to the modern stage. The number of indicative features that differentiate body segments at the individual level is increased in comparison with previous methods. These include the clavicular-humeral and clavicular-pelvic pointers, as well as the conditional indicator of the skeleton volume, developed by G. F. Debets [Debets, 1964]. These tables are compiled for both men and women.
The authors’ development can be used in the practice of medico-legal and forensic examinations, and, to a certain extent, in the study of paleoanthropological material related to the Caucasoid population of Eurasia.
железного века на территории Южного Приуралья. Методами многомерной статистики (анализ главных ком-
понент и дискриминантный канонический анализ) выявлены морфологические особенности остеологической
конституции ранних кочевников VI–II вв. до н.э. Они заключаются в больших продольных характеристиках
трубчатых костей и относительном удлинении дистальных отделов конечностей при повышенной изменчивос-
ти продольных размеров. По комплексу признаков ранние кочевники Южного Приуралья морфологически
близки населению эпохи поздней бронзы Волго-Уральского региона, а также группе тагарской культуры Юж-
ной Сибири. В следствие этого в составе населения Южного Приуралья VI–II вв. до н.э. можно предположить
существование как автохтонного, так и пришлого антропологических компонентов.