Papers by Dr. Charles Kalinzi, PhD
01/08/2023, 2023
Studies on performance expectations gaps is sparse and incomplete,
and yet it is becoming an incr... more Studies on performance expectations gaps is sparse and incomplete,
and yet it is becoming an increasing concern in public procurement. This study borrowed the concept of expectations gap from auditing, accounting and focused on ‘how do the different stakeholders with different needs, interests and expectations, perceive and interpret the procurement performance expectations gap (PPEG) in roadworks contracts’. Thirty-three key informants in two categories of ‘technical personnel’ and ‘road users’ were selected using purposive sampling from the four regions of Uganda. Semi-structured interview guides were used to gain insight into understanding PPEG, and data was subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using ATLAS.ti version 22 software. Respondents understood PPEG to mean general lapse of procurement performance failure punctuated with growing levels of performance dissatisfaction, narrowness of the community access roads, delayed completion
of road network and inconsistency in the quality of completed works, with
three emerging themes: 1) laxity in performance efficiency; 2) laxity in
performance effectiveness; 3) low level of community satisfaction. The
implications of this study shows that whereas the technical personnel’s
perception that the road user’s opinions might be grossly wrong, they must be respected in order to have a holistic community roadworks acceptance and support.
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International Journal of Procurement Management, 2022
Studies on performance expectations gaps is sparse and incomplete,
and yet it is becoming an inc... more Studies on performance expectations gaps is sparse and incomplete,
and yet it is becoming an increasing concern in public procurement. This study
borrowed the concept of expectations gap from auditing, accounting and
focused on ‘how do the different stakeholders with different needs, interests
and expectations, perceive and interpret the procurement performance
expectations gap (PPEG) in roadworks contracts’. Thirty-three key informants
in two categories of ‘technical personnel’ and ‘road users’ were selected using
purposive sampling from the four regions of Uganda. Semi-structured interview
guides were used to gain insight into understanding PPEG, and data was
subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using ATLAS.ti version 22 software.
Respondents understood PPEG to mean general lapse of procurement
performance failure punctuated with growing levels of performance
dissatisfaction, narrowness of the community access roads, delayed completion
of road network and inconsistency in the quality of completed works, with
three emerging themes: 1) laxity in performance efficiency; 2) laxity in
performance effectiveness; 3) low level of community satisfaction. The
implications of this study shows that whereas the technical personnel’s
perception that the road user’s opinions might be grossly wrong, they must be
respected in order to have a holistic community roadworks acceptance and
support.
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Journal of Public Procurement, 2022
Purpose This paper aims to quantify, for the first time, the performance expectations gap in comm... more Purpose This paper aims to quantify, for the first time, the performance expectations gap in community roadworks projects by proposing a performance expectations gap index (PEGI) that can answer a vital question of how wide/how narrow the gap is from a stakeholder perspective. Previous scholars have offered qualitative descriptions of the expectations gap from an auditing point of view using a constructivist approach. This study uses a positivistic approach in addressing the procurement performance expectations gap. Design/methodology/approach The index is computed by combining data from actual and perceived performance of public roadworks from two categories of respondents: “Technical personnel” and “Road users” in selected District Local Governments (DLGS) of Uganda using paired mean differences. The authors created grand means from these two groups for us to make a meaningful comparison. Data were collected from community access roads projects opened, maintained and completed and...
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Journal of Outsourcing and Organizational Information Management, 2016
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SOP Transactions on Marketing Research, 2014
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International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains, 2014
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One of the key recommendations coming from the reforms of the Country Procurement Assessment Repo... more One of the key recommendations coming from the reforms of the Country Procurement Assessment Report (2004) was to establish a procurement cadre in the civil service and restoring professionalism in the procurement function. Since then, public procurement has undergone a series of reforms in most developing countries including Uganda which has shaped the professional way of handling the purchasing activity from merely being operational in nature to becoming a strategic function. The recognition that procurement is a truly professional function that requires trained and qualified staff that constitutes a professional procurement cadre started being embraced in Uganda ever since the reforms were embraced. In that regard, avenues for professional career advancement in the procurement field started being provided by a number of training institutions of higher learning in Uganda, so as to enable the procurement system to attract and retain qualified and experienced personnel. The environm...
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In this article, we examine the extent at which relationship management in downstream supply chai... more In this article, we examine the extent at which relationship management in downstream supply chain predicts performance. Specifically, the paper assesses the extent at which collaborative and transactional customer management predicts performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in Kampala. The researchers employed case studies and cross-sectional research designs, which used a researcher's made questionnaire, for data collection. Data was analyzed using means and regressions, which were computed using the statistical package for social scientist (SPSS). Findings revealed a high extent of relationship management in downstream supply chain at an average mean of 4.23, as well as, high levels of pharmaceutical performance at an average mean of 4.29. When these results were regressed, it was indicated that, relationship management in supply chain highly predicts pharmaceutical performance in Kampala (R 2 value 74% and Sig. 0.014). The researchers therefore recommends managers, policy makers and practitioners to give considerable attention in managing relationships within the downstream supply chain, and in particular, ensure appropriate collaborations with customers. In this way, organizations will retain their customers, increase sales levels and market shares, which will consequently improve organizational performance.
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Research addressing performance expectations gap in public procurement is sparse. The studies add... more Research addressing performance expectations gap in public procurement is sparse. The studies addressing expectation gaps are predominantly in auditing (see (using a marketing lens. We see certain aspects of expectations gap discussed in marketing and auditing discipline that resemble what is occurring in public procurement today. This study intends to borrow this concept and use it to investigate and document procurement performance expectations gap using a theoretical lens, that could explain the performance lapses in public works contracts with a conceptual model that will later be used to improve the public procurement performance expectation gaps in DLGs in Uganda.
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Research addressing performance expectations gap in public procurement is sparse. The studies add... more Research addressing performance expectations gap in public procurement is sparse. The studies addressing expectation gaps are predominantly in auditing (see (Adams & Evans, 2004; Brennan, 2006; Humphrey, Moizer, & Turley, 1993)). Other studies have focused mainly on customer value (Ancarani, 2009) and service quality (Bolton & Drew, 1991; Cronin, Taylor, & Taylor, 1992; Parasuraman, Zeithaml, & Berry, 1985; Zeithaml, Berry, & Parasuraman, 1996), using a marketing lens. We see certain aspects of expectations gap discussed in marketing and auditing discipline that resemble what is occurring in public procurement today. This study intends to borrow this concept and use it to investigate and document procurement performance expectations gap using a theoretical lens, that could explain the performance lapses in public works contracts with a conceptual model that will later be used to improve the public procurement performance expectation gaps in DLGs in Uganda.
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The paper is concerned with how outsourcing impacts overall organizational performance in general... more The paper is concerned with how outsourcing impacts overall organizational performance in general, without highlighting a specific sector or industry. The paper further examines the various approaches and terminologies used by organizations and explores possible options
on adoption of such approaches. The current market is then analyzed and discussed regarding the impact of outsourcing decisions on organizations. A number of outsourced activities with selected sector-led organisations are investigated and presented, and offer guidelines on deciding what to and what not to outsource in developing countries; and this is compared with existing literature on outsourcing decisions in the developed world before recommendations are made. The paper concludes by projecting the likely future trends in the field of outsourcing in general and makes recommendations and conclusions on how organisations can move forward with the outsourcing function.
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In this article, we examine the extent at which relationship management in downstream supply chai... more In this article, we examine the extent at which relationship management in downstream supply chain predicts performance. Specifically, the paper assesses the extent at which collaborative and transactional customer management predicts performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in Kampala. The researchers employed case studies and cross-sectional research designs, which used a researcher's made questionnaire, for data collection. Data was analyzed using means and regressions, which were computed using the statistical package for social scientist (SPSS). Findings revealed a high extent of relationship management in downstream supply chain at an average mean of 4.23, as well as, high levels of pharmaceutical performance at an average mean of 4.29. When these results were regressed, it was indicated that, relationship management in supply chain highly predicts pharmaceutical performance in Kampala (R 2 value 74% and Sig. 0.014). The researchers therefore recommends managers, policy makers and practitioners to give considerable attention in managing relationships within the downstream supply chain, and in particular, ensure appropriate collaborations with customers. In this way, organizations will retain their customers, increase sales levels and market shares, which will consequently improve organizational performance.
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In this article, we examine the extent at which rel
ationship management in downstrea... more In this article, we examine the extent at which rel
ationship management in downstream supply chain
predicts performance. Specifically, the paper asses
ses the extent at which collaborative and transacti
onal
customer management predicts performance of selecte
d pharmaceutical companies in Kampala. The
researchers employed case studies and cross-section
al research designs, which used a researcher’s made
questionnaire, for data collection. Data was analyz
ed using means and regressions, which were computed
using the statistical package for social scientist
(SPSS). Findings revealed a high extent of relation
ship management in downstream supply chain at an average mean of 4.23, as well as, high levels of
pharmaceutical performance at an average mean of 4.
29. When these results were regressed, it was
indicated that, relationship management in supply c
hain highly predicts pharmaceutical performance in
Kampala (R2 value 74% and Sig. 0.014). The researchers therefore recommends managers, policy makers
and practitioners to give considerable attention in
managing relationships within the downstream supply
chain, and in particular, ensure appropriate collab
orations with customers. In this way, organizations
will retain their customers, increase sales levels
and market shares, which will consequently improve
organizational performance.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
In this article, we examine the extent at which relationship management in downstream supply chai... more In this article, we examine the extent at which relationship management in downstream supply chain
predicts performance. Specifically, the paper assesses the extent at which collaborative and transactional
customer management predicts performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in Kampala. The
researchers employed case studies and cross-sectional research designs, which used a researcher’s made
questionnaire, for data collection. Data was analyzed using means and regressions, which were computed
using the statistical package for social scientist (SPSS). Findings revealed a high extent of relationship
management in downstream supply chain at an average mean of 4.23, as well as, high levels of
pharmaceutical performance at an average mean of 4.29. When these results were regressed, it was
indicated that, relationship management in supply chain highly predicts pharmaceutical performance in
Kampala (R2 value 74% and Sig. 0.014). The researchers therefore recommends managers, policy makers
and practitioners to give considerable attention in managing relationships within the downstream supply
chain, and in particular, ensure appropriate collaborations with customers. In this way, organizations
will retain their customers, increase sales levels and market shares, which will consequently improve
organizational performance.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The paper is concerned with how outsourcing impacts overall organizational performance in general... more The paper is concerned with how outsourcing impacts overall organizational performance in general, without highlighting a specific sector or industry. It further examines the various approaches and terminologies used by organisations on the possible adoption of such approaches. The current market is then analyzed and discussed regarding the impact of outsourcing on organisations. A number of outsourced activities with selected sector-led organisations are further investigated and analysed, and how decisions are reached at in relation to deciding what to outsource and what not to outsource. This is compared with detailed literature on the same in the developed world before recommendations are made. The paper concludes by projecting the likely future trends in the field of outsourcing in general and makes recommendations and conclusions on how organisations can move forward with the outsourcing ventures.
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In the literature of general purchasing, the concept of group sourcing (also called cooperative/j... more In the literature of general purchasing, the concept of group sourcing (also called cooperative/joint purchasing) has received a reasonable amount of coverage. While many have written about this concept taking case studies from a developed world, little has been done from a developing world. The general objective of this study was to establish how small organisations benefit from group sourcing, with particular reference to wholesale and retail pharmacies.
The study targeted the purchasing officers of practising pharmacies. The study used exploratory methodology, and propositions as starting point. Design of a survey questionnaire as a primary tool of data collection was largely used. The Study utilised mainly qualitative data and to a lesser extent quantitative data for predicting emerging patterns. This research method was used because of the nature of inquiry in establishing what was happening on the ground. A correspondent whom the researcher contacted provided research assistance.
The study findings discovered some loopholes with existing literature, as information could not be traced on some issues. An example the issue of religion. It was found out that religion does not presently play any role in group sourcing arrangements; something that is not clear whether other research findings have ever investigated this. Its influence in future is more likely to foster smooth operations and more encouragement to group sourcing activities. Because of this analysis, religious –founded drug distributing agents like Joint Medical Stores (Catholics), Uganda Protestant Medical Bureau (Protestants) should be encouraged to closely work together in procuring drugs and encouraging more team procurement within pharmacies.
Study findings further indicated that private hospitals were as well cooperating with pharmacies and even drug shops. This arrangement is made possible where private hospitals recommend acquisition of drugs from such selling points, and this was seen as a way of boositing group sourcing in future. This was the case because ownership was closely connected in both units, enabling collaborative arrangements easily. It is accordingly recommended that this arrangement be promoted which could easily give way for future group sourcing as well. Also noted was the mainly informal arrangement of group sourcing; no specific requirements are necessary for joining a sourcing group; they enjoy some benefits, although measuring these benefits is not well documented. The majority confessed the concept was new to them, but expressed willingness to join such sourcing groups, should sensitisation be done through their lead sector organisations. There was a general concern, however, that this kind of arrangement is suitable for big pharmacies with large investments, although how big these pharmacies should be was not very clear.
The report makes recommendations on ways to improve and promote this concept in future. In particular, it recommends initiation of a procurement database unit, under close supervision of the newly established Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority (PPDA), or Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), or Ministry of Finance. These are some organisations concerned with analysing, collecting and publishing data for future use. At the present, there is hardly any dependable purchasing database in many developing countries. Other recommendations include disseminating information to purchasing officers on group sourcing, using either short courses managed and run by Universities or getting access to training through the PPDA’s capacity strengthening department.
The study finally recommends extending further research in the field of group sourcing to cover other sectors of the economy, mainly the private business sector. This is deemed viable and feasible because there are already informal groupings addressing needs similar to group sourcing aspects. Its outcomes based on a questionnaire survey, returned by 25 (71%) pharmacies are used to support the findings and recommendations for improving this practice in Uganda.
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Level of professionalism in public procurement: A survey of selected districts in Uganda, May 30, 2014
One of the key recommendations coming from the reforms of the Country Procurement Assessment Repo... more One of the key recommendations coming from the reforms of the Country Procurement Assessment Report (2004) was to establish a procurement cadre in the civil service and restoring professionalism in the procurement function. Since then, public procurement has undergone a series of reforms in most developing countries including Uganda which has shaped the professional way of handling the purchasing activity from
merely being operational in nature to becoming a strategic function. The recognition that procurement is a truly professional function that requires trained and qualified staff that constitutes a professional procurement cadre started being embraced in Uganda ever since the reforms were embraced. In that regard, avenues for professional career advancement in the procurement field started being provided by a number of training institutions of higher learning in Uganda, so as to enable the procurement system to attract and retain qualified and experienced personnel. The environment in which procurement professionals operate today has thus undergone rapid and dramatic change over the past few years. This paper investigated the current state and future direction of how professionalism can be embraced in the
procurement system in Uganda. The methodology used was a survey of five (5) selected public procuring entities where numerous cases of unethical behavior, specifically corruption had been reported most. The survey therefore zeroed around the greater Kampala area comprising of Districts of Kampala, Wakiso,
Mukono, Kayunga and Buikwe. The study reveals that there is still a loophole with attaining higher levels of professionalism, where the indicators used to gauge this are still lacking and skills required for full attainment are not well developed among stakeholders. This paper concludes by making key
recommendations that would lead to the development of new procurement skills and competencies that focus on the up
lifting of the professionalism in the purchasing function.
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IJMVSC by Dr. Charles Kalinzi, PhD
In this article, we examine the extent at which relationship management in downstream supply chai... more In this article, we examine the extent at which relationship management in downstream supply chain predicts performance. Specifically, the paper assesses the extent at which collaborative and transactional customer management predicts performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in Kampala. The researchers employed case studies and cross-sectional research designs, which used a researcher's made questionnaire, for data collection. Data was analyzed using means and regressions, which were computed using the statistical package for social scientist (SPSS). Findings revealed a high extent of relationship management in downstream supply chain at an average mean of 4.23, as well as, high levels of pharmaceutical performance at an average mean of 4.29. When these results were regressed, it was indicated that, relationship management in supply chain highly predicts pharmaceutical performance in Kampala (R 2 value 74% and Sig. 0.014). The researchers therefore recommends managers, policy makers and practitioners to give considerable attention in managing relationships within the downstream supply chain, and in particular, ensure appropriate collaborations with customers. In this way, organizations will retain their customers, increase sales levels and market shares, which will consequently improve organizational performance.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
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Papers by Dr. Charles Kalinzi, PhD
and yet it is becoming an increasing concern in public procurement. This study borrowed the concept of expectations gap from auditing, accounting and focused on ‘how do the different stakeholders with different needs, interests and expectations, perceive and interpret the procurement performance expectations gap (PPEG) in roadworks contracts’. Thirty-three key informants in two categories of ‘technical personnel’ and ‘road users’ were selected using purposive sampling from the four regions of Uganda. Semi-structured interview guides were used to gain insight into understanding PPEG, and data was subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using ATLAS.ti version 22 software. Respondents understood PPEG to mean general lapse of procurement performance failure punctuated with growing levels of performance dissatisfaction, narrowness of the community access roads, delayed completion
of road network and inconsistency in the quality of completed works, with
three emerging themes: 1) laxity in performance efficiency; 2) laxity in
performance effectiveness; 3) low level of community satisfaction. The
implications of this study shows that whereas the technical personnel’s
perception that the road user’s opinions might be grossly wrong, they must be respected in order to have a holistic community roadworks acceptance and support.
and yet it is becoming an increasing concern in public procurement. This study
borrowed the concept of expectations gap from auditing, accounting and
focused on ‘how do the different stakeholders with different needs, interests
and expectations, perceive and interpret the procurement performance
expectations gap (PPEG) in roadworks contracts’. Thirty-three key informants
in two categories of ‘technical personnel’ and ‘road users’ were selected using
purposive sampling from the four regions of Uganda. Semi-structured interview
guides were used to gain insight into understanding PPEG, and data was
subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using ATLAS.ti version 22 software.
Respondents understood PPEG to mean general lapse of procurement
performance failure punctuated with growing levels of performance
dissatisfaction, narrowness of the community access roads, delayed completion
of road network and inconsistency in the quality of completed works, with
three emerging themes: 1) laxity in performance efficiency; 2) laxity in
performance effectiveness; 3) low level of community satisfaction. The
implications of this study shows that whereas the technical personnel’s
perception that the road user’s opinions might be grossly wrong, they must be
respected in order to have a holistic community roadworks acceptance and
support.
on adoption of such approaches. The current market is then analyzed and discussed regarding the impact of outsourcing decisions on organizations. A number of outsourced activities with selected sector-led organisations are investigated and presented, and offer guidelines on deciding what to and what not to outsource in developing countries; and this is compared with existing literature on outsourcing decisions in the developed world before recommendations are made. The paper concludes by projecting the likely future trends in the field of outsourcing in general and makes recommendations and conclusions on how organisations can move forward with the outsourcing function.
ationship management in downstream supply chain
predicts performance. Specifically, the paper asses
ses the extent at which collaborative and transacti
onal
customer management predicts performance of selecte
d pharmaceutical companies in Kampala. The
researchers employed case studies and cross-section
al research designs, which used a researcher’s made
questionnaire, for data collection. Data was analyz
ed using means and regressions, which were computed
using the statistical package for social scientist
(SPSS). Findings revealed a high extent of relation
ship management in downstream supply chain at an average mean of 4.23, as well as, high levels of
pharmaceutical performance at an average mean of 4.
29. When these results were regressed, it was
indicated that, relationship management in supply c
hain highly predicts pharmaceutical performance in
Kampala (R2 value 74% and Sig. 0.014). The researchers therefore recommends managers, policy makers
and practitioners to give considerable attention in
managing relationships within the downstream supply
chain, and in particular, ensure appropriate collab
orations with customers. In this way, organizations
will retain their customers, increase sales levels
and market shares, which will consequently improve
organizational performance.
predicts performance. Specifically, the paper assesses the extent at which collaborative and transactional
customer management predicts performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in Kampala. The
researchers employed case studies and cross-sectional research designs, which used a researcher’s made
questionnaire, for data collection. Data was analyzed using means and regressions, which were computed
using the statistical package for social scientist (SPSS). Findings revealed a high extent of relationship
management in downstream supply chain at an average mean of 4.23, as well as, high levels of
pharmaceutical performance at an average mean of 4.29. When these results were regressed, it was
indicated that, relationship management in supply chain highly predicts pharmaceutical performance in
Kampala (R2 value 74% and Sig. 0.014). The researchers therefore recommends managers, policy makers
and practitioners to give considerable attention in managing relationships within the downstream supply
chain, and in particular, ensure appropriate collaborations with customers. In this way, organizations
will retain their customers, increase sales levels and market shares, which will consequently improve
organizational performance.
The study targeted the purchasing officers of practising pharmacies. The study used exploratory methodology, and propositions as starting point. Design of a survey questionnaire as a primary tool of data collection was largely used. The Study utilised mainly qualitative data and to a lesser extent quantitative data for predicting emerging patterns. This research method was used because of the nature of inquiry in establishing what was happening on the ground. A correspondent whom the researcher contacted provided research assistance.
The study findings discovered some loopholes with existing literature, as information could not be traced on some issues. An example the issue of religion. It was found out that religion does not presently play any role in group sourcing arrangements; something that is not clear whether other research findings have ever investigated this. Its influence in future is more likely to foster smooth operations and more encouragement to group sourcing activities. Because of this analysis, religious –founded drug distributing agents like Joint Medical Stores (Catholics), Uganda Protestant Medical Bureau (Protestants) should be encouraged to closely work together in procuring drugs and encouraging more team procurement within pharmacies.
Study findings further indicated that private hospitals were as well cooperating with pharmacies and even drug shops. This arrangement is made possible where private hospitals recommend acquisition of drugs from such selling points, and this was seen as a way of boositing group sourcing in future. This was the case because ownership was closely connected in both units, enabling collaborative arrangements easily. It is accordingly recommended that this arrangement be promoted which could easily give way for future group sourcing as well. Also noted was the mainly informal arrangement of group sourcing; no specific requirements are necessary for joining a sourcing group; they enjoy some benefits, although measuring these benefits is not well documented. The majority confessed the concept was new to them, but expressed willingness to join such sourcing groups, should sensitisation be done through their lead sector organisations. There was a general concern, however, that this kind of arrangement is suitable for big pharmacies with large investments, although how big these pharmacies should be was not very clear.
The report makes recommendations on ways to improve and promote this concept in future. In particular, it recommends initiation of a procurement database unit, under close supervision of the newly established Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority (PPDA), or Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), or Ministry of Finance. These are some organisations concerned with analysing, collecting and publishing data for future use. At the present, there is hardly any dependable purchasing database in many developing countries. Other recommendations include disseminating information to purchasing officers on group sourcing, using either short courses managed and run by Universities or getting access to training through the PPDA’s capacity strengthening department.
The study finally recommends extending further research in the field of group sourcing to cover other sectors of the economy, mainly the private business sector. This is deemed viable and feasible because there are already informal groupings addressing needs similar to group sourcing aspects. Its outcomes based on a questionnaire survey, returned by 25 (71%) pharmacies are used to support the findings and recommendations for improving this practice in Uganda.
merely being operational in nature to becoming a strategic function. The recognition that procurement is a truly professional function that requires trained and qualified staff that constitutes a professional procurement cadre started being embraced in Uganda ever since the reforms were embraced. In that regard, avenues for professional career advancement in the procurement field started being provided by a number of training institutions of higher learning in Uganda, so as to enable the procurement system to attract and retain qualified and experienced personnel. The environment in which procurement professionals operate today has thus undergone rapid and dramatic change over the past few years. This paper investigated the current state and future direction of how professionalism can be embraced in the
procurement system in Uganda. The methodology used was a survey of five (5) selected public procuring entities where numerous cases of unethical behavior, specifically corruption had been reported most. The survey therefore zeroed around the greater Kampala area comprising of Districts of Kampala, Wakiso,
Mukono, Kayunga and Buikwe. The study reveals that there is still a loophole with attaining higher levels of professionalism, where the indicators used to gauge this are still lacking and skills required for full attainment are not well developed among stakeholders. This paper concludes by making key
recommendations that would lead to the development of new procurement skills and competencies that focus on the up
lifting of the professionalism in the purchasing function.
IJMVSC by Dr. Charles Kalinzi, PhD
and yet it is becoming an increasing concern in public procurement. This study borrowed the concept of expectations gap from auditing, accounting and focused on ‘how do the different stakeholders with different needs, interests and expectations, perceive and interpret the procurement performance expectations gap (PPEG) in roadworks contracts’. Thirty-three key informants in two categories of ‘technical personnel’ and ‘road users’ were selected using purposive sampling from the four regions of Uganda. Semi-structured interview guides were used to gain insight into understanding PPEG, and data was subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using ATLAS.ti version 22 software. Respondents understood PPEG to mean general lapse of procurement performance failure punctuated with growing levels of performance dissatisfaction, narrowness of the community access roads, delayed completion
of road network and inconsistency in the quality of completed works, with
three emerging themes: 1) laxity in performance efficiency; 2) laxity in
performance effectiveness; 3) low level of community satisfaction. The
implications of this study shows that whereas the technical personnel’s
perception that the road user’s opinions might be grossly wrong, they must be respected in order to have a holistic community roadworks acceptance and support.
and yet it is becoming an increasing concern in public procurement. This study
borrowed the concept of expectations gap from auditing, accounting and
focused on ‘how do the different stakeholders with different needs, interests
and expectations, perceive and interpret the procurement performance
expectations gap (PPEG) in roadworks contracts’. Thirty-three key informants
in two categories of ‘technical personnel’ and ‘road users’ were selected using
purposive sampling from the four regions of Uganda. Semi-structured interview
guides were used to gain insight into understanding PPEG, and data was
subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using ATLAS.ti version 22 software.
Respondents understood PPEG to mean general lapse of procurement
performance failure punctuated with growing levels of performance
dissatisfaction, narrowness of the community access roads, delayed completion
of road network and inconsistency in the quality of completed works, with
three emerging themes: 1) laxity in performance efficiency; 2) laxity in
performance effectiveness; 3) low level of community satisfaction. The
implications of this study shows that whereas the technical personnel’s
perception that the road user’s opinions might be grossly wrong, they must be
respected in order to have a holistic community roadworks acceptance and
support.
on adoption of such approaches. The current market is then analyzed and discussed regarding the impact of outsourcing decisions on organizations. A number of outsourced activities with selected sector-led organisations are investigated and presented, and offer guidelines on deciding what to and what not to outsource in developing countries; and this is compared with existing literature on outsourcing decisions in the developed world before recommendations are made. The paper concludes by projecting the likely future trends in the field of outsourcing in general and makes recommendations and conclusions on how organisations can move forward with the outsourcing function.
ationship management in downstream supply chain
predicts performance. Specifically, the paper asses
ses the extent at which collaborative and transacti
onal
customer management predicts performance of selecte
d pharmaceutical companies in Kampala. The
researchers employed case studies and cross-section
al research designs, which used a researcher’s made
questionnaire, for data collection. Data was analyz
ed using means and regressions, which were computed
using the statistical package for social scientist
(SPSS). Findings revealed a high extent of relation
ship management in downstream supply chain at an average mean of 4.23, as well as, high levels of
pharmaceutical performance at an average mean of 4.
29. When these results were regressed, it was
indicated that, relationship management in supply c
hain highly predicts pharmaceutical performance in
Kampala (R2 value 74% and Sig. 0.014). The researchers therefore recommends managers, policy makers
and practitioners to give considerable attention in
managing relationships within the downstream supply
chain, and in particular, ensure appropriate collab
orations with customers. In this way, organizations
will retain their customers, increase sales levels
and market shares, which will consequently improve
organizational performance.
predicts performance. Specifically, the paper assesses the extent at which collaborative and transactional
customer management predicts performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in Kampala. The
researchers employed case studies and cross-sectional research designs, which used a researcher’s made
questionnaire, for data collection. Data was analyzed using means and regressions, which were computed
using the statistical package for social scientist (SPSS). Findings revealed a high extent of relationship
management in downstream supply chain at an average mean of 4.23, as well as, high levels of
pharmaceutical performance at an average mean of 4.29. When these results were regressed, it was
indicated that, relationship management in supply chain highly predicts pharmaceutical performance in
Kampala (R2 value 74% and Sig. 0.014). The researchers therefore recommends managers, policy makers
and practitioners to give considerable attention in managing relationships within the downstream supply
chain, and in particular, ensure appropriate collaborations with customers. In this way, organizations
will retain their customers, increase sales levels and market shares, which will consequently improve
organizational performance.
The study targeted the purchasing officers of practising pharmacies. The study used exploratory methodology, and propositions as starting point. Design of a survey questionnaire as a primary tool of data collection was largely used. The Study utilised mainly qualitative data and to a lesser extent quantitative data for predicting emerging patterns. This research method was used because of the nature of inquiry in establishing what was happening on the ground. A correspondent whom the researcher contacted provided research assistance.
The study findings discovered some loopholes with existing literature, as information could not be traced on some issues. An example the issue of religion. It was found out that religion does not presently play any role in group sourcing arrangements; something that is not clear whether other research findings have ever investigated this. Its influence in future is more likely to foster smooth operations and more encouragement to group sourcing activities. Because of this analysis, religious –founded drug distributing agents like Joint Medical Stores (Catholics), Uganda Protestant Medical Bureau (Protestants) should be encouraged to closely work together in procuring drugs and encouraging more team procurement within pharmacies.
Study findings further indicated that private hospitals were as well cooperating with pharmacies and even drug shops. This arrangement is made possible where private hospitals recommend acquisition of drugs from such selling points, and this was seen as a way of boositing group sourcing in future. This was the case because ownership was closely connected in both units, enabling collaborative arrangements easily. It is accordingly recommended that this arrangement be promoted which could easily give way for future group sourcing as well. Also noted was the mainly informal arrangement of group sourcing; no specific requirements are necessary for joining a sourcing group; they enjoy some benefits, although measuring these benefits is not well documented. The majority confessed the concept was new to them, but expressed willingness to join such sourcing groups, should sensitisation be done through their lead sector organisations. There was a general concern, however, that this kind of arrangement is suitable for big pharmacies with large investments, although how big these pharmacies should be was not very clear.
The report makes recommendations on ways to improve and promote this concept in future. In particular, it recommends initiation of a procurement database unit, under close supervision of the newly established Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority (PPDA), or Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), or Ministry of Finance. These are some organisations concerned with analysing, collecting and publishing data for future use. At the present, there is hardly any dependable purchasing database in many developing countries. Other recommendations include disseminating information to purchasing officers on group sourcing, using either short courses managed and run by Universities or getting access to training through the PPDA’s capacity strengthening department.
The study finally recommends extending further research in the field of group sourcing to cover other sectors of the economy, mainly the private business sector. This is deemed viable and feasible because there are already informal groupings addressing needs similar to group sourcing aspects. Its outcomes based on a questionnaire survey, returned by 25 (71%) pharmacies are used to support the findings and recommendations for improving this practice in Uganda.
merely being operational in nature to becoming a strategic function. The recognition that procurement is a truly professional function that requires trained and qualified staff that constitutes a professional procurement cadre started being embraced in Uganda ever since the reforms were embraced. In that regard, avenues for professional career advancement in the procurement field started being provided by a number of training institutions of higher learning in Uganda, so as to enable the procurement system to attract and retain qualified and experienced personnel. The environment in which procurement professionals operate today has thus undergone rapid and dramatic change over the past few years. This paper investigated the current state and future direction of how professionalism can be embraced in the
procurement system in Uganda. The methodology used was a survey of five (5) selected public procuring entities where numerous cases of unethical behavior, specifically corruption had been reported most. The survey therefore zeroed around the greater Kampala area comprising of Districts of Kampala, Wakiso,
Mukono, Kayunga and Buikwe. The study reveals that there is still a loophole with attaining higher levels of professionalism, where the indicators used to gauge this are still lacking and skills required for full attainment are not well developed among stakeholders. This paper concludes by making key
recommendations that would lead to the development of new procurement skills and competencies that focus on the up
lifting of the professionalism in the purchasing function.