In the first chapter are indicated the general logic and history of innovation in Russian agricul... more In the first chapter are indicated the general logic and history of innovation in Russian agriculture, namely: agrotechnical ensure agricultural activity at the beginning of the twentieth century, the Soviet experience in implementing agroinnovatsy and objective conditions of innovative development of agrarian and industrial complex in the post-Soviet period. The second presents the results of empirical research conducted by the Center for Agricultural Research in the three districts of the Altai Territory. In conclusion summarizes the basic provisions and the findings of the work carried out.
A science-based conversation about the current state of rural areas, prospects for rural human ca... more A science-based conversation about the current state of rural areas, prospects for rural human capital and trends in rural differentiation is impossible without the conceptual approaches and futuristic projects of great Russian agrarian scientists. The article presents an attempt of comparing such ideas of two outstanding social thinkers of the early 20th century-Alexander Bogdanov and Alexander Chayanov, focusing on their utopias as representing the essential features (proletarian and peasant) of their social-economic and cultural-ethical views. Bogdanov and Chayanov had extensive encyclopedic knowledge and brilliant organizational skills; they wrote original works on social philosophy and political economy; both were prominent leaders of alternative social-political directions of the Russian Revolution. Moreover, Bogdanov and Chayanov wrote several famous utopias: Bogdanov's utopia develops Marxist ideas of proletarian revolution and construction of socialism not only on earth but also in space; Chayanov's utopia of moderate cooperative socialism defends the new revolutionary significance of the peasantry. The proletarian ideologist Bogdanov was skeptical about the political potential of the peasantry, arguing that opponents of proletarian revolution would use peasant conservatism against socialist revolution. The peasant ideologist Chayanov was skeptical about the creative potential of the working class, predicting that in the coming social revolution it would be used to build authoritarian-bureaucratic socialism. However, both thinkers sought prospects for rural-urban development through the analysis of possible ways of interaction between man and nature. Despite the ignorance of the positive revolutionary potential of the proletariat (Chayanov) and the peasantry (Bogdanov), both thinkers made huge contributions to the theory and practice of the Russian Revolution, and their utopian ideas still inspire the search for a new just, humane and happy world.
Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta družby narodov. Seriâ Sociologiâ, Mar 15, 2024
The article continues the authors' thoughts about the necessary conceptual frameworks that would ... more The article continues the authors' thoughts about the necessary conceptual frameworks that would help rural sociology provide more reliable insights and data in the study of such a relatively new (in the conceptual-analytical perspective) social phenomenon as rural human capital. In the previous article, we presented a brief overview of such half-forgotten but still relevant theoretical foundations of rural sociology as agricultural economics, theories of peasant agrarianism, and theory of rural-urban continuum, which to a greater or lesser extent can be applied in the analysis of rural development and rural social and human capital. In this article, we provide a brief overview of some more recent agrarian ideas that seem to have sufficient but questionable heuristic potential for rural sociology. First, the idea and repeatedly tested projects of the Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, which implied technology transfer initiatives to greatly increase crop yields, opposed the concept of "Red Revolution" (comprehensive agrotechnological transformations instead of radical political ones), despite some skeptical assessments, in the last decades of the 20 th century contributed to the reduction in global hunger, and, especially in its Soviet interpretations, seemed to be consonant with the more recent intellectual direction-development studies. Second, Peasant Studies defending the position that the very question about the need for a special theory of the peasantry and peasant societies is untenable, and presenting an attempt to develop a middlerange theory within historical sociology, which is based on the four most important characteristics of the peasantry in the past and present: family economy, work on land in interaction with nature, local culture of self-organization (rural community), and marginal role in relation to the state. Today's disputes about the peasantry in the contemporary world are complemented by two macroconcepts-theory of international food regimes and theory of global rural development. Thus, we still miss unambiguous theoretical generalizations regarding rural development due to the
Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta družby narodov. Seriâ Sociologiâ, Mar 15, 2024
The article presents some thoughts about the reasons for the current extreme concern of the Russi... more The article presents some thoughts about the reasons for the current extreme concern of the Russian professional sociological community about the model of training proposed by the Federal State Educational Standard of the fourth generation. In the first part of the article,
This year confirmed an ambiguous situation with food security in Russia. On the one hand, the gov... more This year confirmed an ambiguous situation with food security in Russia. On the one hand, the government insists on the achieved sustainable food self-sufficiency/sovereignty: "Russia is self-sufficient in all basic types of food" 2 ; "the level of food security in Russia is one of the most reliable in the world" 3 ; "the Eurasian Economic Union has reached a level of self-sufficiency in most food products (grain, vegetable oils, pork, lamb, sugar, eggs)" 4. The Russian leadership admits the "very complex nature" of food sovereignty as depending on climate change, population growth, trade wars, sanctions, and so on 5. However, the official discourse emphasizes that "we should not be pessimists", "a country striving to be sovereign must provide itself with food", and Russia solves this task so successfully that has become one of the largest food exporters. Therefore, "in 2023, food inflation in Russia will be one of the lowest in the world due to self-sufficiency in basic products" 6 and "systemic measures of anti-crisis sup-1. The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research program 2. Russia provides itself with the basic types of food, Putin said. 18.05
Since 2017, the Sociology Chair of the RUDN University has conducted the research project to iden... more Since 2017, the Sociology Chair of the RUDN University has conducted the research project to identify the possibilities of the sociological conceptualization and measurement of happiness. At the first stage of the project, we revealed a contradiction between today's dominant objectivist discourse that reduces happiness to the objectively measured social well-being and everyday interpretations of happiness based on its subjective perception that usually does not go beyond the close social circle. We identified two conditional traditions in the sociological study of well-being, which require different methodological approaches-based either on objective indicators of the quality of life (living conditions, annual vacations, etc.) or on subjective indicators (satisfaction with life, family relationships, work, hobby, assessment of educational opportunities, etc.). The second stage of the project started in 2020 and shifted its focus to the concept of justice-as connecting subjective and objective aspects of social well-being (for instance, if the place of residence is a criterion of life satisfaction, then the 'quality' of the place of residence, including fair urban planning and social differentiation of the urban space, cannot but influence the social well-being). In 2021, we developed a strategy to provide clear conceptual definitions for complex concepts with multiple connotations such as happiness and justice. This strategy consists of two steps: focus on the macro-sociological dimension and identification of objective and subjective indicators. The results of the representative all-Russian online survey enabled making both substantive (dominant interpretations of happiness, self-esteem in
Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов, Sep 29, 2023
Аннотация. Статья представляет собой социологическую рецензию-размышление о несоциологической кни... more Аннотация. Статья представляет собой социологическую рецензию-размышление о несоциологической книге П.А. Сапронова «Мифология секулярной культуры» (СПб.: Издательский дом «Петрополис», 2023. 380 с.) и призвана подтвердить полезность эксдисциплинарного чтения для понимания своего предметного поля. Из названия книги очевидно, что для читателя-социолога она интересна, по крайней мере, по двум причинам. Во-первых, секуляризация-однозначно социологическая тема, связанная с зарождением нашей дисциплины, а секулярная культура/общество-неоспоримый объект социологического анализа. Во-вторых, у понятия «миф» неоднозначный статус в социологии: с одной стороны, это общепризнанный атрибут любой архаической/ древней культуры/общества; с другой стороны, сегодня слово «миф» имеет метафорическую окраску, зачастую выступая оценочно насыщенным синонимом других понятий (идеологии, заблуждений массового сознания, нерелигиозных культов, расхожих публицистических образов и пр.). Хотя книга заявлена как курс лекций, это скорее развернутое монографическое повествование, не соответствующее формальным требованиям к декларируемому жанру: в книге нет введения, сносок и библиографии-только суммировка авторских тезисов в заключении и многочисленные упоминания релевантных авторов, концепций, понятий, примеров и дискуссионных вопросов во всех трех ее разделах-«Миф и его вариации» (исторические трансформации мифологического), «Мифологемы секулярной культуры» (прогресса, индивидуализма, великого человека, свободы, революции, религии в секулярной культуре и национализма) и «О необходимости и возможности преодоления мифа в секулярной культуре» (перспективы демифологизации на пути науки, философии и богословия).
Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов, Sep 29, 2023
Although Russian society is strongly connected with the countryside and has deep 'rural roots', a... more Although Russian society is strongly connected with the countryside and has deep 'rural roots', agrarian issues have always been somewhat marginal in the national scientific tradition, mainly in its social-scientific branch. Today the situation seems to change due to at least two globally urgent issues-sustainable food-security patterns (agricultural production) and rural social/human capital-which increase both theoretical and practical interest to the heuristic and reform potential of the rural sociology research. To the acknowledged factors of the somewhat marginal status of rural sociology the authors add the fact that not all its conceptual foundations, especially in the national tradition, were identified and systematized. The article presents only two and a half such foundations: agricultural economics, theories of peasant agrarianism, and, partly, theory of rural-urban continuum (forgotten in its rural half and widely used to explain suburbanization trends). In the first part of the article, the authors reconstruct the historical path of agricultural economics, focusing on its creative adaptation to the specific conditions of rural Russia. At the turn of the 1920s-1930s, the national and global political-ideological crisis of agricultural economics determined the replacement of its initial German economic-philosophical agrarian approach by the American pragmatic agricultural approach and applied farm management. In the second part of the article, the authors summarize, on the one hand, utopian, political-economic and populist ideas of agrarianism (1); on the other hand, reasons for its fair criticism which did not focus on the utopian ideas of agrarianism (rather on its being an eclectic pragmatic ideology, contradictions between its left and right wings, its negative conservative potential, lack of political experience and decisiveness, and so on). In the third part of the article, the authors reconstruct a more successful life path of the theory of ruralurban continuum, which emphasizes not so much the fundamental differences between rural and urban communities as a spatially extended rural-urban scale of community types differing by size, population density, division of labor, isolation, local solidarity, and so on. This continuum model
In the first chapter are indicated the general logic and history of innovation in Russian agricul... more In the first chapter are indicated the general logic and history of innovation in Russian agriculture, namely: agrotechnical ensure agricultural activity at the beginning of the twentieth century, the Soviet experience in implementing agroinnovatsy and objective conditions of innovative development of agrarian and industrial complex in the post-Soviet period. The second presents the results of empirical research conducted by the Center for Agricultural Research in the three districts of the Altai Territory. In conclusion summarizes the basic provisions and the findings of the work carried out.
A science-based conversation about the current state of rural areas, prospects for rural human ca... more A science-based conversation about the current state of rural areas, prospects for rural human capital and trends in rural differentiation is impossible without the conceptual approaches and futuristic projects of great Russian agrarian scientists. The article presents an attempt of comparing such ideas of two outstanding social thinkers of the early 20th century-Alexander Bogdanov and Alexander Chayanov, focusing on their utopias as representing the essential features (proletarian and peasant) of their social-economic and cultural-ethical views. Bogdanov and Chayanov had extensive encyclopedic knowledge and brilliant organizational skills; they wrote original works on social philosophy and political economy; both were prominent leaders of alternative social-political directions of the Russian Revolution. Moreover, Bogdanov and Chayanov wrote several famous utopias: Bogdanov's utopia develops Marxist ideas of proletarian revolution and construction of socialism not only on earth but also in space; Chayanov's utopia of moderate cooperative socialism defends the new revolutionary significance of the peasantry. The proletarian ideologist Bogdanov was skeptical about the political potential of the peasantry, arguing that opponents of proletarian revolution would use peasant conservatism against socialist revolution. The peasant ideologist Chayanov was skeptical about the creative potential of the working class, predicting that in the coming social revolution it would be used to build authoritarian-bureaucratic socialism. However, both thinkers sought prospects for rural-urban development through the analysis of possible ways of interaction between man and nature. Despite the ignorance of the positive revolutionary potential of the proletariat (Chayanov) and the peasantry (Bogdanov), both thinkers made huge contributions to the theory and practice of the Russian Revolution, and their utopian ideas still inspire the search for a new just, humane and happy world.
Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta družby narodov. Seriâ Sociologiâ, Mar 15, 2024
The article continues the authors' thoughts about the necessary conceptual frameworks that would ... more The article continues the authors' thoughts about the necessary conceptual frameworks that would help rural sociology provide more reliable insights and data in the study of such a relatively new (in the conceptual-analytical perspective) social phenomenon as rural human capital. In the previous article, we presented a brief overview of such half-forgotten but still relevant theoretical foundations of rural sociology as agricultural economics, theories of peasant agrarianism, and theory of rural-urban continuum, which to a greater or lesser extent can be applied in the analysis of rural development and rural social and human capital. In this article, we provide a brief overview of some more recent agrarian ideas that seem to have sufficient but questionable heuristic potential for rural sociology. First, the idea and repeatedly tested projects of the Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, which implied technology transfer initiatives to greatly increase crop yields, opposed the concept of "Red Revolution" (comprehensive agrotechnological transformations instead of radical political ones), despite some skeptical assessments, in the last decades of the 20 th century contributed to the reduction in global hunger, and, especially in its Soviet interpretations, seemed to be consonant with the more recent intellectual direction-development studies. Second, Peasant Studies defending the position that the very question about the need for a special theory of the peasantry and peasant societies is untenable, and presenting an attempt to develop a middlerange theory within historical sociology, which is based on the four most important characteristics of the peasantry in the past and present: family economy, work on land in interaction with nature, local culture of self-organization (rural community), and marginal role in relation to the state. Today's disputes about the peasantry in the contemporary world are complemented by two macroconcepts-theory of international food regimes and theory of global rural development. Thus, we still miss unambiguous theoretical generalizations regarding rural development due to the
Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta družby narodov. Seriâ Sociologiâ, Mar 15, 2024
The article presents some thoughts about the reasons for the current extreme concern of the Russi... more The article presents some thoughts about the reasons for the current extreme concern of the Russian professional sociological community about the model of training proposed by the Federal State Educational Standard of the fourth generation. In the first part of the article,
This year confirmed an ambiguous situation with food security in Russia. On the one hand, the gov... more This year confirmed an ambiguous situation with food security in Russia. On the one hand, the government insists on the achieved sustainable food self-sufficiency/sovereignty: "Russia is self-sufficient in all basic types of food" 2 ; "the level of food security in Russia is one of the most reliable in the world" 3 ; "the Eurasian Economic Union has reached a level of self-sufficiency in most food products (grain, vegetable oils, pork, lamb, sugar, eggs)" 4. The Russian leadership admits the "very complex nature" of food sovereignty as depending on climate change, population growth, trade wars, sanctions, and so on 5. However, the official discourse emphasizes that "we should not be pessimists", "a country striving to be sovereign must provide itself with food", and Russia solves this task so successfully that has become one of the largest food exporters. Therefore, "in 2023, food inflation in Russia will be one of the lowest in the world due to self-sufficiency in basic products" 6 and "systemic measures of anti-crisis sup-1. The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research program 2. Russia provides itself with the basic types of food, Putin said. 18.05
Since 2017, the Sociology Chair of the RUDN University has conducted the research project to iden... more Since 2017, the Sociology Chair of the RUDN University has conducted the research project to identify the possibilities of the sociological conceptualization and measurement of happiness. At the first stage of the project, we revealed a contradiction between today's dominant objectivist discourse that reduces happiness to the objectively measured social well-being and everyday interpretations of happiness based on its subjective perception that usually does not go beyond the close social circle. We identified two conditional traditions in the sociological study of well-being, which require different methodological approaches-based either on objective indicators of the quality of life (living conditions, annual vacations, etc.) or on subjective indicators (satisfaction with life, family relationships, work, hobby, assessment of educational opportunities, etc.). The second stage of the project started in 2020 and shifted its focus to the concept of justice-as connecting subjective and objective aspects of social well-being (for instance, if the place of residence is a criterion of life satisfaction, then the 'quality' of the place of residence, including fair urban planning and social differentiation of the urban space, cannot but influence the social well-being). In 2021, we developed a strategy to provide clear conceptual definitions for complex concepts with multiple connotations such as happiness and justice. This strategy consists of two steps: focus on the macro-sociological dimension and identification of objective and subjective indicators. The results of the representative all-Russian online survey enabled making both substantive (dominant interpretations of happiness, self-esteem in
Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов, Sep 29, 2023
Аннотация. Статья представляет собой социологическую рецензию-размышление о несоциологической кни... more Аннотация. Статья представляет собой социологическую рецензию-размышление о несоциологической книге П.А. Сапронова «Мифология секулярной культуры» (СПб.: Издательский дом «Петрополис», 2023. 380 с.) и призвана подтвердить полезность эксдисциплинарного чтения для понимания своего предметного поля. Из названия книги очевидно, что для читателя-социолога она интересна, по крайней мере, по двум причинам. Во-первых, секуляризация-однозначно социологическая тема, связанная с зарождением нашей дисциплины, а секулярная культура/общество-неоспоримый объект социологического анализа. Во-вторых, у понятия «миф» неоднозначный статус в социологии: с одной стороны, это общепризнанный атрибут любой архаической/ древней культуры/общества; с другой стороны, сегодня слово «миф» имеет метафорическую окраску, зачастую выступая оценочно насыщенным синонимом других понятий (идеологии, заблуждений массового сознания, нерелигиозных культов, расхожих публицистических образов и пр.). Хотя книга заявлена как курс лекций, это скорее развернутое монографическое повествование, не соответствующее формальным требованиям к декларируемому жанру: в книге нет введения, сносок и библиографии-только суммировка авторских тезисов в заключении и многочисленные упоминания релевантных авторов, концепций, понятий, примеров и дискуссионных вопросов во всех трех ее разделах-«Миф и его вариации» (исторические трансформации мифологического), «Мифологемы секулярной культуры» (прогресса, индивидуализма, великого человека, свободы, революции, религии в секулярной культуре и национализма) и «О необходимости и возможности преодоления мифа в секулярной культуре» (перспективы демифологизации на пути науки, философии и богословия).
Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов, Sep 29, 2023
Although Russian society is strongly connected with the countryside and has deep 'rural roots', a... more Although Russian society is strongly connected with the countryside and has deep 'rural roots', agrarian issues have always been somewhat marginal in the national scientific tradition, mainly in its social-scientific branch. Today the situation seems to change due to at least two globally urgent issues-sustainable food-security patterns (agricultural production) and rural social/human capital-which increase both theoretical and practical interest to the heuristic and reform potential of the rural sociology research. To the acknowledged factors of the somewhat marginal status of rural sociology the authors add the fact that not all its conceptual foundations, especially in the national tradition, were identified and systematized. The article presents only two and a half such foundations: agricultural economics, theories of peasant agrarianism, and, partly, theory of rural-urban continuum (forgotten in its rural half and widely used to explain suburbanization trends). In the first part of the article, the authors reconstruct the historical path of agricultural economics, focusing on its creative adaptation to the specific conditions of rural Russia. At the turn of the 1920s-1930s, the national and global political-ideological crisis of agricultural economics determined the replacement of its initial German economic-philosophical agrarian approach by the American pragmatic agricultural approach and applied farm management. In the second part of the article, the authors summarize, on the one hand, utopian, political-economic and populist ideas of agrarianism (1); on the other hand, reasons for its fair criticism which did not focus on the utopian ideas of agrarianism (rather on its being an eclectic pragmatic ideology, contradictions between its left and right wings, its negative conservative potential, lack of political experience and decisiveness, and so on). In the third part of the article, the authors reconstruct a more successful life path of the theory of ruralurban continuum, which emphasizes not so much the fundamental differences between rural and urban communities as a spatially extended rural-urban scale of community types differing by size, population density, division of labor, isolation, local solidarity, and so on. This continuum model
The article presents the results of the comparative study of the neighboring countries’ images i... more The article presents the results of the comparative study of the neighboring countries’ images in the perception of the Russian student youth. In the first part of the article, the authors emphasize the importance of public opinion as one of the key social institutions in the contemporary society though it is often manipulated by state and political organizations to ensure the public support of ambiguous decisions. There are two basic mechanisms to form social representations including the images of different countries in public opinion: spontaneous and purposeful (when officials and media use special techniques to create an image of either a dangerous enemy or the best geopolitical friend). Today in Russia the former seems to dominate for except the key geopolitical powers other countries seem to attract the state attention rather sporadically, which is supported by general political indifference, wide dissemination of information tech-nologies, and freedom of travels all over the world, etc. The second part of the article focuses on the methodological consequences of thus developing images in the Russian public opinion. The authors explain the thematic structure and techniques of the questionnaire developed for the study of the images of China, Kazakhstan and Serbia in the Russian student youth’ worldview, which were applied in the sociological survey of 2010-2011 in the project supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, and then again in 2016 for the comparative analysis. The last part of the article presents the results of these surveys in the comparative perspective and focuses on a few indicators to reconstruct the persistent stereotypic elements of the neighboring countries’ images in the student youth worldview though there are some changes that are difficult to interpret.
В статье представлены первые результаты полевых экспедиций 2018 года в рамках проекта, нацеленног... more В статье представлены первые результаты полевых экспедиций 2018 года в рамках проекта, нацеленного на оценку проблем и перспектив функционирования двух наиболее значимых социаль-ных институтов российского села — местной власти и предпринимательства — с точки зрения доминирующих сценариев их взаимодействия и роли в сохранении и стабилизации положения сельских территорий. Анализ практик согласования интересов местной власти и предприниматель-ства на локальном уровне важен для отслеживания соотношения формального и неформального в жизни сельских территорий, поскольку реальные механизмы взаимодействия властных институций и ключевых акторов местных сообществ нередко отличаются от нормативно установленных правил, если формальные инструменты не в состоянии решить проблемы сельского социума. Запланирован-ный трехлетний исследовательский цикл призван повторить полевые экспедиции десятилетней давности, т.е. речь идет о повторном кейс-стади, в котором сочетаются количественный и качествен-ный подходы (статистические данные и методы включенного наблюдения и полуформализованных интервью), а в качестве кейса выступают конкретные населенные пункты, репрезентирующие особенности нечерноземных регионов России (зона «черных пятен» российского пространства, где процессы депопуляции приобрели практически необратимый характер). Авторы кратко сумми-руют выводы первых полевых экспедиций (кардинальное изменение состава властных структур и набора их полномочий, разрушение экономических связей, зависимое положение местного само-управления в силу его финансовой и правовой несостоятельности и т.д.), чтобы обрисовать контекст сравнительного анализа, и описывают свои первые впечатления о нынешней полевой экспедиции по старым адресам (сопоставлены масштабы и успешность предпринимательской деятельности в разных районах, обозначены факторы, таковые детерминирующие, — героические усилия местных властей, появление новых молодых и активных предпринимателей, переориентация производства на более востребованные и коммерчески успешные ниши и т.д.).
Учебное пособие отражает разнообразие способов анализа качественных данных — интервью, наблюдений... more Учебное пособие отражает разнообразие способов анализа качественных данных — интервью, наблюдений, фотографий, онлайн-сообщений и проч. Практикующие социальные исследователи рассказывают о принципах работы и личном опыте применения таких методов, как нарративный, тематический, сетевой анализ, дискурс-анализ, обоснованная теория, качественный контент-анализ, текст-майнинг. Книга состоит из трех взаимосвязанных разделов. В первом разделе читателю предлагается разобраться в специфике качественного анализа данных и сориентироваться в сложившемся методическом ландшафте. Во втором разделе авторы показывают особенности кодирования и обработки данных, демонстрируют специфику работы с различным программным обеспечением — ATLAS.ti, NVivo, Dedoose, Python и проч. В третьем разделе рассказывается о том, в каких форматах можно представить результаты качественного исследования. Каждая глава содержит объяснение ключевых понятий и одновременно показывает примеры и возможные алгоритмы работы с данными.
Uploads
Papers by Irina Trotsuk
Книга состоит из трех взаимосвязанных разделов. В первом разделе читателю предлагается разобраться в специфике качественного анализа данных и сориентироваться в сложившемся методическом ландшафте. Во втором разделе авторы показывают особенности кодирования и обработки данных, демонстрируют специфику работы с различным программным обеспечением — ATLAS.ti, NVivo, Dedoose, Python и проч. В третьем разделе рассказывается о том, в каких форматах можно представить результаты качественного исследования. Каждая глава содержит объяснение ключевых понятий и одновременно показывает примеры и возможные алгоритмы работы с данными.