W ater resources sustainability is one of the major issues in the agricultural sustainability. In... more W ater resources sustainability is one of the major issues in the agricultural sustainability. In this study sustainability of water resources has been investigated by use of linear and non-linear models in six models based on optimal utilization of water resources in the north parts farms of Iran because of incorrect use of agricultural water resources, from 2011 to 2012. Also "gross margin per a unit of water consumption" and "employment per a unit of water consumption" are used as indicators for assessing the sustainability of cropping patterns. The results show that cropping pattern of fractional goal programming (FGP) model has been near to current situation and has shown realistic conditions according to expertise and advantage of this area in cultivation of certain crops. So the FGP model has desirability in each of indicators than other five models.
Sustainable access to water resources is considered a primary basis for the sustainability of hum... more Sustainable access to water resources is considered a primary basis for the sustainability of human welfare for future generations. In this study, improvement of sustainability indicators have been investigated as a result of the politics of water pricing as a mechanism for achieving sustainability of water resources. For this purpose, sustainable of water resource indicators during the different price scenarios have been calculated for northern areas of Iran by using a model of Positive Mathematical Programming. Results of water pricing policies on cropping pattern show, acreage of crops is increased that can cause more benefits per unit of water consumption. Also, results of sustainability indicators show improving the sustainability of water resources in result of price applying policies.
Turkey, USA and Iran are the biggest exporters in raisins industry both in quantity and value. Th... more Turkey, USA and Iran are the biggest exporters in raisins industry both in quantity and value. They are the world's largest raisin producers. In this study by using revealed comparative advantage (RCA), symmetrical revealed comparative advantage (RSCA) and 2 indicators investigate raisins export comparative advantage in Iran and top five raisins exporter countries from 1980 to 2010 and by using ARIMA method RCA and RSCA indices of Iran's raisins export have predicted from 2011 to 2016. Comparison between RCA of agricultural export and total world export show that Iran in agricultural export has more advantage than world export. Comparison of RCA and RSCA indexes for top six raisins exporter countries show Iran and Turkey have a most comparative advantage for the export of raisins in among other countries. Results of predicted RCA and RSCA indices of raisins export show both the RCA and RSCA indexes of Iran's raisins export increase in the future years that represent improve Iran's raisin competitive position in the world.
In this study, contingent valuation method was used to evaluate recreational value of Sari Forest... more In this study, contingent valuation method was used to evaluate recreational value of Sari Forest Park in 2012. This method tries to define individual's willingness to pay under suggested prices of given hypothetical market. To calculate WTP the Logit model was used. The results show the average monthly WTP for protection of individuals against Forest Park have been determined 17,820 Rials. With respect to the average family size of 3.2 is the average family is 57,024 Rials month to pay for the protection of the park. Planning andappropriate management of problemsin Sari Forest Park, such aslack of health facilitiesand welfare and alsopromotingthe culture of using naturalresourcessuch asforest are recommended.
Iran's market share in global trade of most agricultural products has never been ideal and accord... more Iran's market share in global trade of most agricultural products has never been ideal and according to its potentials. But in export side, proper planning can be useful and efficient both by improving employment and acquiring foreign revenue. Also in the import side, demand markets can be managed efficiently using the proper policies. This study because of importance of cotton and its role in world markets has tried to evaluate and investigate past and present situations both at regional and world markets using a descriptive analysis approach. The results imply on the improper conditions at both levels and could be a warning to policy makers and planners.
Addressing the productivity issue in wheat production due to the significant acreage in the count... more Addressing the productivity issue in wheat production due to the significant acreage in the country and its indispensable role in feeding people is a matter of particular importance. Because of great importance of wheat production in three Northern provinces in this study an attempt is made to gauge total factor productivity of wheat production and its components which are technical efficiency and technological change. The results showed that during the study period TFP changes in Golestan Province is more effected by Technological changes while in Gilan and Mazandran the TFP is more affected by technical efficiency. Changes in TFP for the whole country showed large fluctuations. These changes are due to changes in technical efficiency and technological change. Promotional programs with the aim of better application of inputs, to increase technical efficiency and the use of improvised technology can bring about steady and sustained growth. JEL classification: O47, C14
W ater resources sustainability is one of the major issues in the agricultural sustainability. In... more W ater resources sustainability is one of the major issues in the agricultural sustainability. In this study sustainability of water resources has been investigated by use of linear and non-linear models in six models based on optimal utilization of water resources in the north parts farms of Iran because of incorrect use of agricultural water resources, from 2011 to 2012. Also "gross margin per a unit of water consumption" and "employment per a unit of water consumption" are used as indicators for assessing the sustainability of cropping patterns. The results show that cropping pattern of fractional goal programming (FGP) model has been near to current situation and has shown realistic conditions according to expertise and advantage of this area in cultivation of certain crops. So the FGP model has desirability in each of indicators than other five models.
Sustainable access to water resources is considered a primary basis for the sustainability of hum... more Sustainable access to water resources is considered a primary basis for the sustainability of human welfare for future generations. In this study, improvement of sustainability indicators have been investigated as a result of the politics of water pricing as a mechanism for achieving sustainability of water resources. For this purpose, sustainable of water resource indicators during the different price scenarios have been calculated for northern areas of Iran by using a model of Positive Mathematical Programming. Results of water pricing policies on cropping pattern show, acreage of crops is increased that can cause more benefits per unit of water consumption. Also, results of sustainability indicators show improving the sustainability of water resources in result of price applying policies.
Turkey, USA and Iran are the biggest exporters in raisins industry both in quantity and value. Th... more Turkey, USA and Iran are the biggest exporters in raisins industry both in quantity and value. They are the world's largest raisin producers. In this study by using revealed comparative advantage (RCA), symmetrical revealed comparative advantage (RSCA) and 2 indicators investigate raisins export comparative advantage in Iran and top five raisins exporter countries from 1980 to 2010 and by using ARIMA method RCA and RSCA indices of Iran's raisins export have predicted from 2011 to 2016. Comparison between RCA of agricultural export and total world export show that Iran in agricultural export has more advantage than world export. Comparison of RCA and RSCA indexes for top six raisins exporter countries show Iran and Turkey have a most comparative advantage for the export of raisins in among other countries. Results of predicted RCA and RSCA indices of raisins export show both the RCA and RSCA indexes of Iran's raisins export increase in the future years that represent improve Iran's raisin competitive position in the world.
In this study, contingent valuation method was used to evaluate recreational value of Sari Forest... more In this study, contingent valuation method was used to evaluate recreational value of Sari Forest Park in 2012. This method tries to define individual's willingness to pay under suggested prices of given hypothetical market. To calculate WTP the Logit model was used. The results show the average monthly WTP for protection of individuals against Forest Park have been determined 17,820 Rials. With respect to the average family size of 3.2 is the average family is 57,024 Rials month to pay for the protection of the park. Planning andappropriate management of problemsin Sari Forest Park, such aslack of health facilitiesand welfare and alsopromotingthe culture of using naturalresourcessuch asforest are recommended.
Iran's market share in global trade of most agricultural products has never been ideal and accord... more Iran's market share in global trade of most agricultural products has never been ideal and according to its potentials. But in export side, proper planning can be useful and efficient both by improving employment and acquiring foreign revenue. Also in the import side, demand markets can be managed efficiently using the proper policies. This study because of importance of cotton and its role in world markets has tried to evaluate and investigate past and present situations both at regional and world markets using a descriptive analysis approach. The results imply on the improper conditions at both levels and could be a warning to policy makers and planners.
Addressing the productivity issue in wheat production due to the significant acreage in the count... more Addressing the productivity issue in wheat production due to the significant acreage in the country and its indispensable role in feeding people is a matter of particular importance. Because of great importance of wheat production in three Northern provinces in this study an attempt is made to gauge total factor productivity of wheat production and its components which are technical efficiency and technological change. The results showed that during the study period TFP changes in Golestan Province is more effected by Technological changes while in Gilan and Mazandran the TFP is more affected by technical efficiency. Changes in TFP for the whole country showed large fluctuations. These changes are due to changes in technical efficiency and technological change. Promotional programs with the aim of better application of inputs, to increase technical efficiency and the use of improvised technology can bring about steady and sustained growth. JEL classification: O47, C14
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