This research tested the effects of a long-term psychosocial nursing intervention designed to dec... more This research tested the effects of a long-term psychosocial nursing intervention designed to decrease mental distress in adolescents following a catastrophic event. Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses conducted the Catastrophic Stress Intervention (CSI) in two South Carolina high schools for three years following Hurricane Hugo. The CSI consisted of nine protocols designed to decrease adolescents' mental distress by increasing their understanding of stress and by enhancing their self-efficacy and social support. Adolescents (N = 1030) were randomized to intervention or control groups and completed one baseline and five postintervention measures of mental distress, self-efficacy, and social support. The hypothesis was that intervention adolescents would have less mental distress than control adolescents. The research also addressed the particular time points at which differences between intervention and control adolescents might be shown. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, with exposure to the hurricane, self-efficacy, and social support as control variables, showed that intervention adolescents reported less mental distress than control adolescents at 12, 18, and 24 months but that this difference dissipated by 30 and 36 months. Implications for the CSI and timing of interventions with adolescents after a catastrophic event are discussed.
Background: This paper describes physical activity the patterns of 2,101 Russian youth enrolled i... more Background: This paper describes physical activity the patterns of 2,101 Russian youth enrolled in the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS). The RLMS is a nationally representative household sample survey. Methods: Youth 14-18 years and parents of youth 6-13 years responded to survey questions about hours per week of light (cooking and laundry), moderate (walking, bicycling and sports), and vigorous physical
Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1995
Page 1. http://ebx.sagepub.com/ Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders http://ebx.sagepub.... more Page 1. http://ebx.sagepub.com/ Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders http://ebx.sagepub.com/content/3/2/76 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/106342669500300202 1995 3: 76 Journal ...
Environmental factors may play an important role on influencing physical activity (PA) behaviors.... more Environmental factors may play an important role on influencing physical activity (PA) behaviors. Perceptions of access and safety for PA were compared among residents who were stratified as low or high in socioeconomic status (SES). Residents of a U.S. southeastern county (N = 1,194, 18-96 years of age) were contacted using a random-digit-dial method and asked about neighborhood and community environmental supports for PA. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to identify trails, sidewalks, public recreation facilities, and violent crime incidents. A cluster analysis identified 10 census tracts as low SES and 11 census tracts as high SES (median household income, owner-occupied houses). More African Americans (66.5%) than Whites (33.5%) were classified as living in low-SES areas. Respondents from low-SES areas also reported engaging in less PA based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American College of Sports Medicine recommendations than respondents from high-SES areas (p <.05). Respondents from low-SES (vs. high-SES) areas reported higher perceptions of neighborhood crime, unattended dogs, unpleasantness of neighborhoods, untrustworthy neighbors, and less access to public recreation facilities (ps <.05). GIS data for presence of sidewalks, recreation facilities, and crime did not support these differences in perceptions; however, respondents from low-SES (vs. high-SES) areas had substantially fewer trails. Having and using trails in one's community predicted sufficient PA and walking for 150 min/week for low-SES respondents but not for high SES respondents (ps =.05, adjusted for covariates). Having access to trails is an important environmental feature among low-SES communities and should be the focus of future community-based PA interventions.
In spite of a number of studies on necrotizing enterocolitis, there remains controversy concernin... more In spite of a number of studies on necrotizing enterocolitis, there remains controversy concerning prevention regimens, especially with regard to enteral alimentation. This report is of a matched case-control study of the relationship of necrotizing enterocolitis to timing of first feeding, size of feeding volumes and increments, and a risk factor index in 59 case patients with necrotizing enterocolitis and 59 matched control patients. Comparison with control patients showed that case patients were fed earlier, received full-strength formula sooner, and received larger feeding volumes and increments. More highly stressed infants, as measured by the risk index, were more vulnerable to larger feeding increments. Among case patients there was significant correlation of age at first feeding and age at diagnosis (p < 0.0001) even after control for birth weight and risk index score, indicating that delayed feeding was related to delayed onset of disease. These analyses support the theory that earlier, more rapid feeding places stressed infants at greater risk for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis, and that infants with more severe respiratory problems are more vulnerable to such feeding practices.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1995
The purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated midtrimester serum placental alkaline... more The purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated midtrimester serum placental alkaline phosphatase levels are predictive of preterm delivery. By use of banked serum specimens from a sample of women who had received maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening, placental alkaline phosphatase values for multiples of the median were obtained from 270 mothers who had experienced a preterm delivery and from 1598 mothers of term, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. Specimens were analyzed for placental alkaline phosphatase by means of a monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression was used to determine whether placental alkaline phosphatase was associated with preterm birth, while potential confounders were controlled for. Women with placental alkaline phosphatase levels > or = 2.0 multiples of the median were significantly more likely to be delivered of a preterm infant in the current pregnancy compared with women with levels < 2.0 multiples of the median (odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 2.1 to 3.9). The likelihood of preterm birth increased significantly with higher multiples of the median (p < 0.001). Women with elevated placental alkaline phosphatase levels are at increased risk for preterm delivery. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of placental alkaline phosphatase testing as a means of identifying mothers at risk for preterm birth.
Meaningful comparison of depression symp- toms requires that the measurement instru- ment has equ... more Meaningful comparison of depression symp- toms requires that the measurement instru- ment has equivalent measurement properties among racial and ethnic groups. We tested the factorial validity and invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale among Black (n5610) and White (n5452) adolescent girls in the 12th grade. The invariance analyses were conducted by using LISREL 8.70 with maximum likelihood
National stakeholders in health system improvement and patient safety including accreditation bod... more National stakeholders in health system improvement and patient safety including accreditation bodies have requested health professional educational programs to include multiple interprofessional experiences through didactic and experiential opportunities. Clinical and population health faculty at the University of South Carolina redesigned and expanded an introductory interprofessional course to include more than 500 students from public health, social work, medicine, pharmacy, and nursing. Students participated in 3 live class meetings and completed required online coursework to explore concepts related to social determinants of health and health disparities, health system improvement, patient safety, cultural competency, and ethics to address interprofessional education core competencies. Course modifications and expanded student enrollment improved understanding of key health concepts and appreciation of interprofessional collaboration.
Four expert panels from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued physi... more Four expert panels from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued physical activity (PA) recommendations for young children that are quite similar. The aim of this study was to determine compliance with the new PA guideline (defined as ≥15 min/hr of total PA) in two independent samples of preschool children. We conducted a cross-sectional study of children attending preschools in Columbia, South Carolina. A total of 286 children in one sample and 337 children in a second sample participated. The main outcome of interest was total PA (sum of light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activity) measured by accelerometry. Compliance with the PA guideline was determined for both samples. Separately for each sample, mixed logistic models were used to determine whether there were differences in compliance with the PA guideline between groups based on sex, race/ethnicity, parent education, and weight status, controlling for preschool. Total PA was 14.5 and 15.2 min/h...
Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 1999
Using data from 12 days of detailed physical activity records (PA records), we analyzed the physi... more Using data from 12 days of detailed physical activity records (PA records), we analyzed the physical activity patterns of 141 African American and Native American women, ages 40 and older, enrolled in the Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study. PA records were completed every other month for three consecutive 4-day periods. The proportion of women who met the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine recommendation to accumulate at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity during most days of the week (at least 3 days of the 4-day periods) ranged from 63% to 70%. Nearly one third of women met the recommendation for more than one 4-day period. On days when subjects accumulated at least 30 minutes of moderate activity, time spent in moderate activity was 112 minutes/day. Most women performed household chores (95%, median = 24 minutes/day), walking for exercise (87%, median = 30 minutes/day), occupational (65%, median = 37 minutes/day), child care (53%, median = 32 minutes/day), and lawn and garden activities (51%, median = 43 minutes/day). Fewer than 25% reported conditioning and sports activities. In general, more Native Americans than African Americans were active in moderate activities. In conclusion, definitions used to characterize regular physical activity should be consistent among studies, and physical activity surveys among women should include occupation-related and home-related activities.
Results of interviews with 299 13–51 yr old women in sexually transmitted diseases and family pla... more Results of interviews with 299 13–51 yr old women in sexually transmitted diseases and family planning clinics revealed gaps in their knowledge of the effectiveness of contraceptive methods in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, including confusion about the effectiveness of condoms. Only 17.1% reported regular condom use. Among Ss aged 30+ yrs, 71.7% had never used condoms. The most frequently cited reasons for not using condoms were monogamy and dissatisfaction with the feel of the condom. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
This research tested the effects of a long-term psychosocial nursing intervention designed to dec... more This research tested the effects of a long-term psychosocial nursing intervention designed to decrease mental distress in adolescents following a catastrophic event. Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses conducted the Catastrophic Stress Intervention (CSI) in two South Carolina high schools for three years following Hurricane Hugo. The CSI consisted of nine protocols designed to decrease adolescents' mental distress by increasing their understanding of stress and by enhancing their self-efficacy and social support. Adolescents (N = 1030) were randomized to intervention or control groups and completed one baseline and five postintervention measures of mental distress, self-efficacy, and social support. The hypothesis was that intervention adolescents would have less mental distress than control adolescents. The research also addressed the particular time points at which differences between intervention and control adolescents might be shown. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, with exposure to the hurricane, self-efficacy, and social support as control variables, showed that intervention adolescents reported less mental distress than control adolescents at 12, 18, and 24 months but that this difference dissipated by 30 and 36 months. Implications for the CSI and timing of interventions with adolescents after a catastrophic event are discussed.
Background: This paper describes physical activity the patterns of 2,101 Russian youth enrolled i... more Background: This paper describes physical activity the patterns of 2,101 Russian youth enrolled in the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS). The RLMS is a nationally representative household sample survey. Methods: Youth 14-18 years and parents of youth 6-13 years responded to survey questions about hours per week of light (cooking and laundry), moderate (walking, bicycling and sports), and vigorous physical
Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1995
Page 1. http://ebx.sagepub.com/ Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders http://ebx.sagepub.... more Page 1. http://ebx.sagepub.com/ Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders http://ebx.sagepub.com/content/3/2/76 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/106342669500300202 1995 3: 76 Journal ...
Environmental factors may play an important role on influencing physical activity (PA) behaviors.... more Environmental factors may play an important role on influencing physical activity (PA) behaviors. Perceptions of access and safety for PA were compared among residents who were stratified as low or high in socioeconomic status (SES). Residents of a U.S. southeastern county (N = 1,194, 18-96 years of age) were contacted using a random-digit-dial method and asked about neighborhood and community environmental supports for PA. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to identify trails, sidewalks, public recreation facilities, and violent crime incidents. A cluster analysis identified 10 census tracts as low SES and 11 census tracts as high SES (median household income, owner-occupied houses). More African Americans (66.5%) than Whites (33.5%) were classified as living in low-SES areas. Respondents from low-SES areas also reported engaging in less PA based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American College of Sports Medicine recommendations than respondents from high-SES areas (p <.05). Respondents from low-SES (vs. high-SES) areas reported higher perceptions of neighborhood crime, unattended dogs, unpleasantness of neighborhoods, untrustworthy neighbors, and less access to public recreation facilities (ps <.05). GIS data for presence of sidewalks, recreation facilities, and crime did not support these differences in perceptions; however, respondents from low-SES (vs. high-SES) areas had substantially fewer trails. Having and using trails in one's community predicted sufficient PA and walking for 150 min/week for low-SES respondents but not for high SES respondents (ps =.05, adjusted for covariates). Having access to trails is an important environmental feature among low-SES communities and should be the focus of future community-based PA interventions.
In spite of a number of studies on necrotizing enterocolitis, there remains controversy concernin... more In spite of a number of studies on necrotizing enterocolitis, there remains controversy concerning prevention regimens, especially with regard to enteral alimentation. This report is of a matched case-control study of the relationship of necrotizing enterocolitis to timing of first feeding, size of feeding volumes and increments, and a risk factor index in 59 case patients with necrotizing enterocolitis and 59 matched control patients. Comparison with control patients showed that case patients were fed earlier, received full-strength formula sooner, and received larger feeding volumes and increments. More highly stressed infants, as measured by the risk index, were more vulnerable to larger feeding increments. Among case patients there was significant correlation of age at first feeding and age at diagnosis (p < 0.0001) even after control for birth weight and risk index score, indicating that delayed feeding was related to delayed onset of disease. These analyses support the theory that earlier, more rapid feeding places stressed infants at greater risk for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis, and that infants with more severe respiratory problems are more vulnerable to such feeding practices.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1995
The purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated midtrimester serum placental alkaline... more The purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated midtrimester serum placental alkaline phosphatase levels are predictive of preterm delivery. By use of banked serum specimens from a sample of women who had received maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening, placental alkaline phosphatase values for multiples of the median were obtained from 270 mothers who had experienced a preterm delivery and from 1598 mothers of term, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. Specimens were analyzed for placental alkaline phosphatase by means of a monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression was used to determine whether placental alkaline phosphatase was associated with preterm birth, while potential confounders were controlled for. Women with placental alkaline phosphatase levels > or = 2.0 multiples of the median were significantly more likely to be delivered of a preterm infant in the current pregnancy compared with women with levels < 2.0 multiples of the median (odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 2.1 to 3.9). The likelihood of preterm birth increased significantly with higher multiples of the median (p < 0.001). Women with elevated placental alkaline phosphatase levels are at increased risk for preterm delivery. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of placental alkaline phosphatase testing as a means of identifying mothers at risk for preterm birth.
Meaningful comparison of depression symp- toms requires that the measurement instru- ment has equ... more Meaningful comparison of depression symp- toms requires that the measurement instru- ment has equivalent measurement properties among racial and ethnic groups. We tested the factorial validity and invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale among Black (n5610) and White (n5452) adolescent girls in the 12th grade. The invariance analyses were conducted by using LISREL 8.70 with maximum likelihood
National stakeholders in health system improvement and patient safety including accreditation bod... more National stakeholders in health system improvement and patient safety including accreditation bodies have requested health professional educational programs to include multiple interprofessional experiences through didactic and experiential opportunities. Clinical and population health faculty at the University of South Carolina redesigned and expanded an introductory interprofessional course to include more than 500 students from public health, social work, medicine, pharmacy, and nursing. Students participated in 3 live class meetings and completed required online coursework to explore concepts related to social determinants of health and health disparities, health system improvement, patient safety, cultural competency, and ethics to address interprofessional education core competencies. Course modifications and expanded student enrollment improved understanding of key health concepts and appreciation of interprofessional collaboration.
Four expert panels from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued physi... more Four expert panels from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued physical activity (PA) recommendations for young children that are quite similar. The aim of this study was to determine compliance with the new PA guideline (defined as ≥15 min/hr of total PA) in two independent samples of preschool children. We conducted a cross-sectional study of children attending preschools in Columbia, South Carolina. A total of 286 children in one sample and 337 children in a second sample participated. The main outcome of interest was total PA (sum of light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activity) measured by accelerometry. Compliance with the PA guideline was determined for both samples. Separately for each sample, mixed logistic models were used to determine whether there were differences in compliance with the PA guideline between groups based on sex, race/ethnicity, parent education, and weight status, controlling for preschool. Total PA was 14.5 and 15.2 min/h...
Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 1999
Using data from 12 days of detailed physical activity records (PA records), we analyzed the physi... more Using data from 12 days of detailed physical activity records (PA records), we analyzed the physical activity patterns of 141 African American and Native American women, ages 40 and older, enrolled in the Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study. PA records were completed every other month for three consecutive 4-day periods. The proportion of women who met the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine recommendation to accumulate at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity during most days of the week (at least 3 days of the 4-day periods) ranged from 63% to 70%. Nearly one third of women met the recommendation for more than one 4-day period. On days when subjects accumulated at least 30 minutes of moderate activity, time spent in moderate activity was 112 minutes/day. Most women performed household chores (95%, median = 24 minutes/day), walking for exercise (87%, median = 30 minutes/day), occupational (65%, median = 37 minutes/day), child care (53%, median = 32 minutes/day), and lawn and garden activities (51%, median = 43 minutes/day). Fewer than 25% reported conditioning and sports activities. In general, more Native Americans than African Americans were active in moderate activities. In conclusion, definitions used to characterize regular physical activity should be consistent among studies, and physical activity surveys among women should include occupation-related and home-related activities.
Results of interviews with 299 13–51 yr old women in sexually transmitted diseases and family pla... more Results of interviews with 299 13–51 yr old women in sexually transmitted diseases and family planning clinics revealed gaps in their knowledge of the effectiveness of contraceptive methods in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, including confusion about the effectiveness of condoms. Only 17.1% reported regular condom use. Among Ss aged 30+ yrs, 71.7% had never used condoms. The most frequently cited reasons for not using condoms were monogamy and dissatisfaction with the feel of the condom. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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