basem gehad
Basem Gehad, Egyptian Archaeologist, Archaeometrist, working at the MoA,
Head of the Egyptian excavation mission at the ancient necropolis of Philadelphia - North East of Fayoum,
Co-Director of Egyptian - American excavation mission at Hermopolis Magna( AL- Ashmunien)
Co-Director of Egyptian- Norwegian mission at Kharga Oasis.
corresponding member of DAI, long experience in different and various museums and archaeological sites in Egypt, Excavating in Saqqara, Fayoum, Kharga Oasis, Tuna El Gebel . also a Formerly associated researcher in the French Institute for oriental archaeology in Cairo(IFAO), defended My Ph.D. in Cairo University in the integrated Arhcaeomteric and analysis for encaustic painting in Egypt and its archaeological and papyrological context
A Scientific Correspondence member of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo (DAI) since 2019
main author, Editor and scientific member of the international conference for ancient Egyptian materials and technologies ( SAEMT )
Head of the Egyptian excavation mission at the ancient necropolis of Philadelphia - North East of Fayoum,
Co-Director of Egyptian - American excavation mission at Hermopolis Magna( AL- Ashmunien)
Co-Director of Egyptian- Norwegian mission at Kharga Oasis.
corresponding member of DAI, long experience in different and various museums and archaeological sites in Egypt, Excavating in Saqqara, Fayoum, Kharga Oasis, Tuna El Gebel . also a Formerly associated researcher in the French Institute for oriental archaeology in Cairo(IFAO), defended My Ph.D. in Cairo University in the integrated Arhcaeomteric and analysis for encaustic painting in Egypt and its archaeological and papyrological context
A Scientific Correspondence member of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo (DAI) since 2019
main author, Editor and scientific member of the international conference for ancient Egyptian materials and technologies ( SAEMT )
less
InterestsView All (95)
Uploads
Papers by basem gehad
from two of Euripides’ lost plays. Yvona Trnka-Amrhein and Basem
Gehad explain this find’s significance towards Ancient Greek Literature
and the literary culture of Egyptians in the Roman Period (c. 30 BCE–395 CE).
ducted at Šams al-Dīn, in the south of Kharga27, a cleaning campaign was undertaken at Dayr Muṣṭafā Kāšif by part of the Norwegian-Egyptian team. The objectives of the work were the following: conducting the first systematic excavation within the monastic
complex; photographing the entire complex to create a photogrammetric model; producing a new map; photographing and studying the material retrieved from the site;
of work at the settlement of Kom el-Louli, started working in 2019 at the site.
The site which is situated to the east of the famous Serapeum and necropolis at Tuna el-Gebel, may have
function one day as the settlement of the forgotten village named “Serapeum on the sand”.
Nevertheless, the social class of those who used these houses as well as the function of the excavated
houses still to be debated and to be understood from the recent results of the excavation.
In Jan 2021 the team was able to excavate and uncover a mud brick building that includes architectural
elements of a religious function rather than projecting a living space. The general layout, location
and design of the building, its entrance and architectural elements, as well as both the orientation
of the spaces and written materials that were found in this building, would indicate this religious
function. In the following article, we will highlight the recent results of the excavation of this cultic
chapel and our interpretation for its function, with a wider overview of the context and location of
this building within the whole archaeological landscape of the village.
the faces of mummies. These painted panels are an important historical
and artistic record. They illustrate the application of Greco-Roman art to
Egyptian burial customs at the beginning of the first millennium. The artefacts meld artistic methods and styles of the Greco-Roman period with
the 2.000-years old Egyptian funerary tradition. They appear to be naturalistic in style and be a portrait of an individual, while acting as part of the
funerary equipment needed for entry into the afterlife. The panels would
have covered the face of a mummy. An inscription with the young woman identifies her as Demos(people), aged twenty-four; it is likely that the
sad- faced child buried with her was her daughter, different investigation
have been performed to characterize two Fayum mummy portraits, which
found at the Egyptian Museum, both of them have been investigating using
multi methods; digital photography, multispectral imaging (MSI), X-Radiographs, Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). A portable X-Ray
Fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer has been used to detect and identify
most of the chemical elements that lie on the painting’s surface. This data is
then analyzed to discover new information on funerary portraits, utilized
non-destructive imaging and analytical techniques to generate data for the
«Fayum Mummy Portraits of Egyptian Museum Database» (FMP-EMD).
necropolis of Philadelphia in the Arsinoite Nome in
northeast Fayoȗm the Egyptian mission uncovered
various types of tombs used during the Ptolemaic
Period. Different burial customs seem to have been
followed in these tombs. These might mirror different
ethnic groups, who shared the same village, but
followed their respective daily life and after life rituals.
In this paper, two tombs and their finds will be
described as examples for these dissimilar ideas of
the afterlife rituals. First conclusions shall be drawn
as to the social life during the Ptolemaic Period in
the area of Philadelphia, which is reflected in the observed
burial customs.
كشفت البعثة المصرية خلال موسم التنقيب الأخير في جبانة فيلادلفيا
القديمة في اقليم آرسينوي شمال شرق الفيوم عن أنواع مختلفة من المقابر
المستخدمة خلال العصر البطلمي. يبدو أنه تم اتباع عادات الدفن المختلفة
في هذه المقابر. قد تعكس هذه المقابر المجموعات العرقية المختلفة التي
تشترك في نفس القرية، والتي اتبعت أنظمة الحياة اليومية وطقوس العالم
الآخر الخاصة بهم. في هذه الورقة، سيتم وصف مقبرتين واكتشافاتهما كأمثلة
على هذه الأفكار المتباينة لطقوس العالم الآخر. يتم استخلاص النتائج الأولية
فيما يتعلق بالحياة الاجتماعية خلال العصر البطلمي في منطقة فيلادلفيا،
والتي تنعكس على عادات الدفن الملحوظة.
and disagreement between scholars with regard to the method of preparation and implementation. The issue still under debate is whether the technique used by the ancient artists was
based on molten wax, or if it was artificially and intentionally saponified to obtain the so-called
‘Punic wax’, historically known from the description provided by Pliny the Elder. Most of the
methods used to understand the ancient technique are not convincing as they do not provide
a clear answer as to the exact chemical changes or alterations that occurred for the wax based
medium. Do these alterations take place as a result of exogenous factors, or endogenous by
the pigments or ingredients? Or are they due to intentional alteration or modification for the
wax by the artist to produce the saponified wax? The following paper is an attempt to find a
way to answer these questions, starting with a survey of the literature including ancient recipes
and archaeological materials. This is followed by a systematic and integrated analytical approach, by means of FTIR analysis, Raman analysis, and Py-Gas chromatography, for both
experimental samples prepared based on the ancient recipes and archaeological samples from
encaustic paintings.
22nd to 24th Dynasty burials together with coffins, wrapping, and cartonnage. Light optical
microscope and X-ray fluorescence were applied to identify the wood and pigments used.
Radiography using X-ray analysis was also used to examine the two mummies, which were
identified as two adult females. Traces of embalming material were analysed for one of the
mummies using FTIR. Results of this investigation highlight the methods applied in the
mummification process during the 22nd to 24th Dynasty and the influence of socioeconomic
status on the quality of mummification and the state of burials
Council of Antiquities, Scientific Center for Archaeological Training of Cairo and Giza at North Saqqara. This resulted in the uncovering of a new Second Dynasty mastaba, S 3537, which is the subject of the present article.
from two of Euripides’ lost plays. Yvona Trnka-Amrhein and Basem
Gehad explain this find’s significance towards Ancient Greek Literature
and the literary culture of Egyptians in the Roman Period (c. 30 BCE–395 CE).
ducted at Šams al-Dīn, in the south of Kharga27, a cleaning campaign was undertaken at Dayr Muṣṭafā Kāšif by part of the Norwegian-Egyptian team. The objectives of the work were the following: conducting the first systematic excavation within the monastic
complex; photographing the entire complex to create a photogrammetric model; producing a new map; photographing and studying the material retrieved from the site;
of work at the settlement of Kom el-Louli, started working in 2019 at the site.
The site which is situated to the east of the famous Serapeum and necropolis at Tuna el-Gebel, may have
function one day as the settlement of the forgotten village named “Serapeum on the sand”.
Nevertheless, the social class of those who used these houses as well as the function of the excavated
houses still to be debated and to be understood from the recent results of the excavation.
In Jan 2021 the team was able to excavate and uncover a mud brick building that includes architectural
elements of a religious function rather than projecting a living space. The general layout, location
and design of the building, its entrance and architectural elements, as well as both the orientation
of the spaces and written materials that were found in this building, would indicate this religious
function. In the following article, we will highlight the recent results of the excavation of this cultic
chapel and our interpretation for its function, with a wider overview of the context and location of
this building within the whole archaeological landscape of the village.
the faces of mummies. These painted panels are an important historical
and artistic record. They illustrate the application of Greco-Roman art to
Egyptian burial customs at the beginning of the first millennium. The artefacts meld artistic methods and styles of the Greco-Roman period with
the 2.000-years old Egyptian funerary tradition. They appear to be naturalistic in style and be a portrait of an individual, while acting as part of the
funerary equipment needed for entry into the afterlife. The panels would
have covered the face of a mummy. An inscription with the young woman identifies her as Demos(people), aged twenty-four; it is likely that the
sad- faced child buried with her was her daughter, different investigation
have been performed to characterize two Fayum mummy portraits, which
found at the Egyptian Museum, both of them have been investigating using
multi methods; digital photography, multispectral imaging (MSI), X-Radiographs, Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). A portable X-Ray
Fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer has been used to detect and identify
most of the chemical elements that lie on the painting’s surface. This data is
then analyzed to discover new information on funerary portraits, utilized
non-destructive imaging and analytical techniques to generate data for the
«Fayum Mummy Portraits of Egyptian Museum Database» (FMP-EMD).
necropolis of Philadelphia in the Arsinoite Nome in
northeast Fayoȗm the Egyptian mission uncovered
various types of tombs used during the Ptolemaic
Period. Different burial customs seem to have been
followed in these tombs. These might mirror different
ethnic groups, who shared the same village, but
followed their respective daily life and after life rituals.
In this paper, two tombs and their finds will be
described as examples for these dissimilar ideas of
the afterlife rituals. First conclusions shall be drawn
as to the social life during the Ptolemaic Period in
the area of Philadelphia, which is reflected in the observed
burial customs.
كشفت البعثة المصرية خلال موسم التنقيب الأخير في جبانة فيلادلفيا
القديمة في اقليم آرسينوي شمال شرق الفيوم عن أنواع مختلفة من المقابر
المستخدمة خلال العصر البطلمي. يبدو أنه تم اتباع عادات الدفن المختلفة
في هذه المقابر. قد تعكس هذه المقابر المجموعات العرقية المختلفة التي
تشترك في نفس القرية، والتي اتبعت أنظمة الحياة اليومية وطقوس العالم
الآخر الخاصة بهم. في هذه الورقة، سيتم وصف مقبرتين واكتشافاتهما كأمثلة
على هذه الأفكار المتباينة لطقوس العالم الآخر. يتم استخلاص النتائج الأولية
فيما يتعلق بالحياة الاجتماعية خلال العصر البطلمي في منطقة فيلادلفيا،
والتي تنعكس على عادات الدفن الملحوظة.
and disagreement between scholars with regard to the method of preparation and implementation. The issue still under debate is whether the technique used by the ancient artists was
based on molten wax, or if it was artificially and intentionally saponified to obtain the so-called
‘Punic wax’, historically known from the description provided by Pliny the Elder. Most of the
methods used to understand the ancient technique are not convincing as they do not provide
a clear answer as to the exact chemical changes or alterations that occurred for the wax based
medium. Do these alterations take place as a result of exogenous factors, or endogenous by
the pigments or ingredients? Or are they due to intentional alteration or modification for the
wax by the artist to produce the saponified wax? The following paper is an attempt to find a
way to answer these questions, starting with a survey of the literature including ancient recipes
and archaeological materials. This is followed by a systematic and integrated analytical approach, by means of FTIR analysis, Raman analysis, and Py-Gas chromatography, for both
experimental samples prepared based on the ancient recipes and archaeological samples from
encaustic paintings.
22nd to 24th Dynasty burials together with coffins, wrapping, and cartonnage. Light optical
microscope and X-ray fluorescence were applied to identify the wood and pigments used.
Radiography using X-ray analysis was also used to examine the two mummies, which were
identified as two adult females. Traces of embalming material were analysed for one of the
mummies using FTIR. Results of this investigation highlight the methods applied in the
mummification process during the 22nd to 24th Dynasty and the influence of socioeconomic
status on the quality of mummification and the state of burials
Council of Antiquities, Scientific Center for Archaeological Training of Cairo and Giza at North Saqqara. This resulted in the uncovering of a new Second Dynasty mastaba, S 3537, which is the subject of the present article.
Egypt represents a fascinating fusion among the Greco-Roman
collection in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo, (EMC) This research
the project will introduce historical, religious, cultural, and the
mummification background to the portraits in addition thorough
analysis of the portraits themselves.
A technical examination of Fayum portraits in the Egyptian Museum
carried out to analyze the wooden support, binding medium and
pigments present in each painting were identified. two mummy
portraits from the area of the Fayum Basin, Hawara, late 1
st, century AD.
An inscription with the young woman identifies her as
Demos(people), aged twenty-four; it is likely that the sad-faced
child buried with her was her daughter, a different investigation has
been performed to characterize two Fayum mummy portraits. which
display at the Egyptian Museum. both of them have been
investigating using multi-methods; digital photography, multispectral
imaging (MSI), Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI)
and portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF).
Handed in to the Ministry of Antiquities in Egypt for publication in ASAE.
Handed in to the Ministry of Antiquities in Egypt for publication in ASAE.
Handed in to the Ministry of Antiquities in Egypt for publication in ASAE.
by and under the auspice of His Excellency Prof. Dr. Khaled el-Enany, at the Manial Palace
Museum in Cairo. Over the three day conference, forty presentations were delivered and
thirty posters were exhibited to over 250 national and international attendees. The organisers
divided the topics into seven sessions that encompassed a variety of topics: mining and quarrying; building; pyrotechnology; graphic and aesthetic technologies; funerary technologies;
agricultural and food technology; and domestic and local craft technologies.
This conference successfully fulfilled its three aims. Firstly, it provided the venue for international archaeometrists involved in ancient Egyptian issues to present their research and
exchange ideas. Secondly, it emphasised the necessity of integrating archaeological sciences
and interdisciplinary approaches in archaeological studies. And thirdly, it provided a space
for those working in Egypt to share experiences, discuss research studies, applications, and to
develop future collaborations.