Rosalind Franklin
| Rozalind Franklin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rođen | 25. jul 1920. Noting Hil, London |
| Umro | 6. april 1958. Čelsi, London Rak jajnika |
| Nacionalnost | Britanska |
| Polja | Kristalografija X-zracima |
| Institutije | Britianska asocijacija za upotrebu uglja Kingov koledž, London Birkbek koledž, London |
| Alma mater | Njunham koledž, Kambridž |
| Poznat po | Fina struktura uglja i grafita, DNK struktura, virusi |
Rozalind Elsi Franklin (engl. Rosalind Elsie Franklin; 25. jul 1920 — 16. april 1958)[1] je bila britanski biofizičar i kristalograf. Njen rad sadrži ključni doprinos razumevanju fine molekulske strukture DNK, RNK, virusa, uglja i grafita.[2] Najpoznatija je po radu na DNK jer dezoksiribonukleinska kiselina ima esencijalne uloge u ćelijskom metabolizmu i genetici. Otkriće njene strukture je pomoglo naučnicima da razumeju način na koji se genetička informacija prenosi sa roditelja na decu.
Franklin je najpoznatija po njenom difrakcionom snimku DNK koje je dovelo do otkrića DNK dvostrukog heliksa. Njeni podaci su prema izjavi Fransisa Krika korišćeni[3] 1953. za formulisanje hipoteze o strukturi DNK.[4] Franklinovi snimci difrakcije X-zraka koji su potvrdili heliksnu strukturu DNK su pokazani Votsonu bez njenog odobrenja ili znanja. Mada su taj snimak i njena precizna interpretacija pružili značajan uvid u DNK strukturu, njen naučni doprinos tom otkriću se retko navodi. Njen neobjavljeni manuskript pokazuje da je ona nezavisno utvrdila sveukupnu B-formu DNK heliksa i lokaciju fosfatnih grupa na obodu strukture.[5]
Nakon rada na DNK, Franklin je izučavala viruse mozaika duvana i polio. Ona je umrla 1958 usled komplikacija izazvanih rakom jajnika.
- ↑ „The Rosalind Franklin Papers, Biographical Information”. profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Pristupljeno 13 November 2011.
- ↑ „The Rosalind Franklin Papers, The Holes in Coal: Research at BCURA and in Paris, 1942-1951”. profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Pristupljeno 13 November 2011.
- ↑ Crick's 31 December 1961 letter to Jacques Monod was discovered in the Archives of the Pasteur Institute by Doris Zeller, then reprinted in "Nature Correspondence" 425, 15 on September 4, 2003 Watson confirmed this opinion in his own statement at the opening of the King's college Franklin-Wilkins building in 2000.
- ↑ Watson JD, Crick FHC (1953). "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid". Nature 171: 737–738. Full text PDF This article was immediately followed by the two King's submissions: M.H.F. Wilkins, A.R. Stokes, and H.R. Wilson. Molecular Structure of Deoxypentose Nucleic Acids, pp738–740 then by: Rosalind E. Franklin and R.G. Gosling. Molecular configuration of Sodium Thymonucleate pp 740–741.
- ↑ Double Helix: 50 Years of DNA. Nature archives. Nature Publishing Group
- Bryson, B. A Short History of Nearly Everything. (2004). Black Swan ISBN 0-552-99704-8.
- Crick, F.; Watson, J. (1953). „Molecular structure of nucleic acids” (PDF). Nature 171 (4356): 737-738. Bibcode 1953Natur.171..737W. DOI:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692.
- Crick, F. H. C. What Mad Pursuit, (1988). Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-09137-7.
- Elkin, L., O. Rosalind Franklin and the Double Helix Physics Today March 2003, pp. 42–48.
- Franklin RE (January 1950). „Influence of the bonding electrons on the scattering of X-rays by carbon”. Nature 165 (4185): 71. Bibcode 1950Natur.165...71F. DOI:10.1038/165071a0. PMID 15403103.
- Ferry, Georgina, 2007. Max Perutz and the Secret of Life. Published in the UK by Chatto & Windus (ISBN 0-701-17695-4), and in the USA by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
- Franklin, R.E. and Gosling, R.G. (1953-04-25). „Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate”. Nature 171 (4356): 740-741. Bibcode 1953Natur.171..740F. DOI:10.1038/171740a0. PMID 13054694. Pristupljeno 2011-01-15 Reprint also available at Resonance Classics
- Franklin, R.E. and Gosling, R.G. authors of papers received 6 March 1953: Acta Cryst. (1953). 6, 673 The Structure of Sodium Thymonucleate Fibres I. The Influence of Water Content II. The Cylindrically Symmetrical Patterson Function
- Franklin, R.E. (1955). „Structure of tobacco mosaic virus”. Nature 175 (4452): 379-381. Bibcode 1955Natur.175..379F. DOI:10.1038/175379a0. PMID 14356181.
- Franklin R.E. (1956). „Structure of Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Location of the Ribonucleic Acid in the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particle”. Nature 177 (4516): 928-30. Bibcode 1956Natur.177..928F. DOI:10.1038/177928b0.
- Holt, J. (2002) "Photo Finish: Rosalind Franklin and the great DNA race" The New Yorker October
- Judson, Horace Freeland, "The Eighth Day of Creation:Makers of the Revolution in Biology" (London: Jonathan Cape,1979), Penguin,1995; expanded edition; New York:Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1996).
- Brenda Maddox Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA (2002). Harper Collins ISBN 0-00-655211-0.
- Nobel Prize (1962). The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962, for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material, Nobelprize.org
- Olby, R., "The Path to the Double Helix" (London:Macmillan,1974)
- Sayre, A. 1975. Rosalind Franklin and DNA. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0-393-32044-8.
- Tom Segev One Palestine, Complete, (2000) (ISBN 0-349-11286-X) Abacus History.
- Stent, Gunther, editor. "Critical Edition of The Double Helix"(1980) W.W. Norton Co, New York and London. ISBN 0-393-95075-1.
- Watson, J. Letter to Science, 164, pp. 1539, 27 (1969).
- Maurice Wilkins, The Third Man of the Double Helix, an autobiography (2003) Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-280667-X.
- Yockey, H. P. Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life (2005).
