View source for 1st Provisional Marine Brigade

{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 1st Provisional Marine Brigade
| native_name =
| image = File:1st_Provisional_Marine_Brigade_in_Iceland.jpg
| image_size = 300
| alt = Officers of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade
| caption = [[Officer]]s of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade
| start_date = 22 May 1912
| disbanded = 13 September 1951
| country = {{Flagcountry|United States}}
| allegiance =
| branch = {{Marines|US}}
| type = [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]] [[brigade]]
| role = [[Infantry]]
| size = 4,290-4,725
| command_structure =
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| nickname = "Fire Brigade"
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| battles = '''[[Negro Rebellion]]'''<br />
'''[[World War II]]'''
* Allied occupation of Iceland
* Invasion of Guam
'''[[Korean War]]'''
* Battle of Masan
* 1st Battle of Naktong Bulge
* 2nd Battle of Naktong Bulge
* Battle of Yongsan
* Battle of Pusan
| battles_label =
| decorations = '''[[1st Provisional Marine Brigade#Awards|See Section]]'''
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| website =
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| notable_commanders = {{plainlist|
* John Marston
* Lemuel C. Shepherd
* Edward A. Craig
}}
<!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol = [[File:49th Inf Brigade (Logo Polar Bears).jpg|200px]]
| identification_symbol_label = Patch of the 1st PMB and 49th IB
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| aircraft_attack =
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}}

The '''1st Provisional Marine Brigade''' was a [[brigade]] in the [[United States Marine Corps]]. It was founded in 1912 and was [[wikt:disband|disbanded]] on September 13, 1951. It was not made as a permanent unit in the [[United States Marine Corps]], but it served as an [[Ad hoc|Ad Hoc]] unit.

When they were first founded, they were sent in to fight in the "[[Negro Rebellion]]" in [[Cuba]]. Then they fought in [[World War II]] in Iceland where they had no real action, but in Guam they fought alongside the 1st Marine Division. After the war ended, they were disbanded, then fought in the [[Korean War]].

They were quickly reactivated during 1950 for the [[Korean War]]. They fought in the [[Pusan|Battle of Pusan Perimeter]], as well as the Battle of Yongsan. After their time in the Korean War, they were disbanded shortly after they returned home. The Brigade earned multiple [[ribbon|streamers]] throughout its history.
==History==
===Negro Rebellion & Formation===
{{main|Negro Rebellion}}
The [[Negro Rebellion]] happened in 1912, the year the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was formed. The Negro Rebellion was a war where Black Cubans rioted and fought the Cuban Government for freedom and equality.<ref name="es1">{{cite book| last1 = Edwin| first1 = Simmons| title = The United States Marines: A History| url = https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmari0000simm_r8b9| date = 2003| publisher = Naval Institute Press| isbn = 978-1-55750-868-3| page = 85 }}</ref>  The Cuban Government requested support from the United States - the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was sent to guard certain locations.

A small [[regiment]] named the 1st Provisional Marine Regiment was commanded by [[colonel]] Lincoln Karmany. The regiment was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 22nd. It numbered around 450 men. There was also the 2nd Provisional Marine Regiment that was created at the same time, led by Colonel James Mahoney in Key West, Florida. It numbered about 750 men.<ref name="es1"/>

They both came to [[Cuba]] in the [[United States Navy|USS Prairie]], which was an [[Landing craft|amphibious transport ship]] made to transport marines and assets. The 1st Battalion of the 2nd Provisional Marine Regiment was in [[Havana|Havana, Cuba]], but the rest were in [[Guantánamo|Guantanamo]]. They protected American farms in Siboney and El Cobre.<ref name="cap35">{{cite book| last1 = Caporale| first1 = Louis G.| title = U.S. Marine Corps Tactical Force Development: Provisional Landing Parties to Corps Level from the American Revolution Through Vietnam| date = 2003| publisher = Merriam Press| location = Bennington| isbn = 978-1-57638-204-2| page = 35 }}</ref> After the rebellion stopped they left.

The first Regiments soon became the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade in June. They were led by now Colonel Lincoln Karmany.<ref name="1s">{{cite web |title=Lineage |url=https://www.1stmardiv.marines.mil/About/Lineage/ |website=1st Marine Division |accessdate=25 October 2022}}</ref>
====1st Marine Brigade====

The 1st Marine Brigade was a very different [[Brigade]] that was made in 1935, but people got confused because they also were in [[Cuba]] in 1940. It was first made in 1913 as a unit in the 1st Advance Force Brigade, but they weren't "Provisional."<ref name="fre101">{{cite book| last1 = Fredriksen| first1 = John C.| title = The United States Marine Corps: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present| url = https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmari0000fred| date = 2011| publisher = ABC-CLIO| location = Santa Barba| isbn = 978-1-59884-542-6| page = [https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmari0000fred/page/n112 101] }}</ref> They were in Mexico and Puerto Rico. When it was disbanded, people confused the two.<ref name="fre108">{{cite book| last1 = Fredriksen| first1 = John C.| title = The United States Marine Corps: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present| url = https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmari0000fred| date = 2011| publisher = ABC-CLIO| location = Santa Barba| isbn = 978-1-59884-542-6| page = [https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmari0000fred/page/n119 108] }}</ref>

===World War II===
{{Main|World War II}}
====Iceland====
In May of 1940, the [[United Kingdom]] invaded [[Iceland]] even if they were neutral.<ref name="wa29">{{cite book| last1 = Walling| first1 = Micheal G.| title = Forgotten Sacrifice: The Arctic Convoys of World War II| url = https://books.google.com/?id=ynBQvgAACAAJ&pg=PA29| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 20 October 2012| publisher = Osprey Publishing| isbn = 978-1-4728-1110-3| page = 29 }}</ref> They invaded because they were scared that Germany would attack Iceland. The Natives didn't like the British because of that, but they liked the Americans more. Iceland signed an agreement with the United States so that they were defended. As soon as it happened, the United States Marine Corps quickly reactivated the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade on July 14th, 1941.<ref name="rott242">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 242 }}</ref> The first people to join were taken from the 2nd Marine Division, and they were trained and organized in Camp Elliott in [[San Diego, California|San Diego]].<ref name="d2">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 2 }}</ref>

They had about 4,095 men.<ref name="es123">{{cite book| last1 = Edwin| first1 = Simmons| title = The United States Marines: A History| url = https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmari0000simm_r8b9| date = 2003| publisher = Naval Institute Press| isbn = 978-1-55750-868-3| page = 123 }}</ref><ref name="d1">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 1 }}</ref> They were some of the first men to enter Iceland under Major General Holland M. Smith. They stayed there with the 1st Marine Division, but the 1st MD was called to fight somewhere else, so the United States Army were the ones to come in after the 1st MD left to help the occupation. The 1st PMB also left with the 1st Marine Division.<ref name="d3">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 3 }}</ref>

Now under [[Brigadier general|Brigadier General]] John Marston and Colonel Leo D. Hermle, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade sailed from San Diego to Charleston in attack transports, the USS Heywood, USS William P. Biddle, and USS Fuller. <ref name="d4">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 4 }}</ref> They also met other ships on the way that carried supplies for the 1st PMB.<ref name="cop26">{{cite book| last1 = Caporale| first1 = Louis G.| title = S. Marine Corps Tactical Force Development: Provisional Landing Parties to Corps Level from the American Revolution Through Vietnam| date = 2003| publisher = Merriam Press| location = Bennington| isbn = 978-1-57638-204-2| page = 26 }}</ref> Those ships were the USS Arkansas, USS New York, USS Brooklyn and USS Nashville.<ref name="d6">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 6 }}</ref> They stopped at Newfoundland then continued to Iceland. They landed in [[Reykjavík]] on July 7th.<ref name="d7">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 7 }}</ref> They helped the British 49th Infantry Division.<ref name="d8">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 8 }}</ref>

The [[British people|British]] commanders split the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade evenly around [[Reykjavík]] and places next to it.<ref name="es123/> They were made into an emergency force in case of German invasion.<ref name="d9">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 9 }}</ref> The 49th ID also gave their own patch to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade.<ref name="d11">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 11 }}</ref> The 1st PMB were also with the United States Army and Army Air Corps.<ref name="d15">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 15 }}</ref> They made a lot of forts to stop any [[Nazi Germany|German]] invasion for most of their time there.<ref name="d16">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 16 }}</ref> On September 22nd, 1940, the British left Iceland and the United States Army was commanding the place.<ref name="d17">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 17 }}</ref><ref name="es123/>

During the Winter of 1941 and 1940, nothing happened, and their progress became slow after they lost a lot of their supplies making forts<ref name="d28">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 28 }}</ref> and doing combat drills for if the Germans attacked.<ref name="d16/> However, the Germans did not attack, and no planes were sent except for unarmed ones for [[reconnaissance]].<ref name="d14">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 14 }}</ref>

After Pearl Harbor, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was moved away and sent to fight in the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]].<ref name="d29">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 29 }}</ref> They came back to New York in the USS McCawley and SS Borinquen. A lot of the former marines in the 1st PMB joined the 2nd Marine Division to fight in the [[Guadalcanal Campaign]].<ref name="d32">{{cite book| last1 = Donovan| first1 = James A.| title = Outpost in the North Atlantic: Marines in the Defense of Iceland| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Iceland.html| accessdate = 26 October 2022| date = 1992| publisher = Diane Publishing Company| location = Darby| isbn = 978-0-7881-3524-8| page = 32 }}</ref>

====Guam====

On April 18th of 1944, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was activated again, but this time to fight in [[Guadalcanal]].<ref name="rott233">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 233 }}</ref> They were a reserve force for a bit,<ref name="es158">{{cite book| last1 = Edwin| first1 = Simmons| title = The United States Marines: A History| url = https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmari0000simm_r8b9| date = 2003| publisher = Naval Institute Press| isbn = 978-1-55750-868-3| page = 158 }}</ref> and they were commanded by [[Brigadier general|Brigadier General]] Lemuel C. Shepherd.<ref name="rott391">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 391 }}</ref> In July, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade went to the [[Marshall Islands]] for the Invasion of Guam. [[Guam]] was under the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref name="wh275">{{cite book| last1 = Higuchi| first1 = Wakako| title = The Japanese Administration of Guam, 1941-1944| url = https://books.google.com/?id=YRMjaFoPc64C| accessdate = 27 October 2022| date = 2013| publisher = McFarland| location = Canberra| isbn = 978-0-7864-3978-2| page = 275 }}</ref> They waited for a bit then they got about 9,886 men and had the 4th and 22nd Marine [[Regiment]] join them.<ref name="rott338">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 338 }}</ref> They joined the Third Amphibious Corps, which had almost 60,000 men and they would attack Guam,<ref name="rotv27">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = Guam 1941 & 1944: Loss and Reconquest| url = https://archive.org/details/guam19411944loss0000gord| date = 2004| publisher = Osprey Publishing| location = Botley| isbn = 978-1-84176-811-3| page = [https://archive.org/details/guam19411944loss0000gord/page/27 27] }}</ref> the 305th Infantry Regiment also joined.<ref name="rott319">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 319 }}</ref>

[[File:USMC-C-Guam-WW2-p6a.jpg|thumb|left|1st PMB leaders planning their attack.]]

They were preparing in the Eniwetok Atoll, which is in the [[Marshall Islands]].<ref name="rott391"/> At 08:32&nbsp;AM on the 21st of July, the 22nd Marine Regiment landed in Bangi Point,<ref name="obr2">{{cite book| last1 = O'Brien| first1 = Cyril J.| title = Liberation: Marines in the Recapture of Guam| url = https://archive.org/details/AndAFewMarines| date = 1994| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center| location = Washington D.C.| isbn = 978-0-16-049374-4| page = 2 }}</ref> [[Hagåtña, Guam|Hågat]] which was in the West. They started to fight some of the 22,000 Japanese men on the [[Guam|Island of Guam]]. Most of the fights were in the West, since it was where most of the Japanese soldiers were.<ref name="es159">{{cite book| last1 = Edwin| first1 = Simmons| title = The United States Marines: A History| url = https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmari0000simm_r8b9| date = 2003| publisher = Naval Institute Press| isbn = 978-1-55750-868-3| page = 159 }}</ref> But the main 1st PMB didn't have much fighting. The Japanese soldiers had a lot of [[Fortification|fortifications]] with Type 41 Mountain Guns and [[Bunker]]s, and [[reconnaissance]] did not see them.<ref name="obr11">{{cite book| last1 = O'Brien| first1 = Cyril J.| title = Liberation: Marines in the Recapture of Guam| url = https://archive.org/details/AndAFewMarines| date = 1994| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center| location = Washington D.C.| isbn = 978-0-16-049374-4| page = 11 }}</ref>

The Japanese soldiers used Type 41 Mountain Cannons that shoot 75mm rounds against the 22nd Marine Regiment. They also used them against 20 amphibious vehicles to stop them from moving.<ref name="es159"/> The 22nd Marine Regiment spent most of the day fighting the Japanese in Hågat. The 1st Battalion finally took Hågat while the 2nd Battalion took Mount Alifan.<ref name="obr13">{{cite book| last1 = O'Brien| first1 = Cyril J.| title = Liberation: Marines in the Recapture of Guam| url = https://archive.org/details/AndAFewMarines| date = 1994| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center| location = Washington D.C.| isbn = 978-0-16-049374-4| page = 13 }}</ref> Also the 1st Battalion, the 4th Marines Regiment took over Bangi Point with help of the 3rd Battalion.<ref name="obr15">{{cite book| last1 = O'Brien| first1 = Cyril J.| title = Liberation: Marines in the Recapture of Guam| url = https://archive.org/details/AndAFewMarines| date = 1994| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center| location = Washington D.C.| isbn = 978-0-16-049374-4| page = 15 }}</ref> They both started to move forward to Mount Alifan but Japanese resistance on the island delayed them. The Japanese tried to make a big counter-offensive at night but failed.<ref name="es160">{{cite book| last1 = Edwin| first1 = Simmons| title = The United States Marines: A History| url = https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmari0000simm_r8b9| date = 2003| publisher = Naval Institute Press| isbn = 978-1-55750-868-3| page = 160 }}</ref>

By the end of the day, the 4th and 22nd Regiments took places about 2,000&nbsp;meters or 6,000&nbsp;feet inside Guam.<ref name="obr15/> The The 305th Regimental Combat Team helped the Marines for about 3 or 4 days before they regrouped with the 77th Infantry [[Division (military)|Division]] that was in the North.<ref name="es160/> The 1st [[Brigade]], 3rd Marine Division was in the south and the 77th Infantry Division cut off and split the Orote Peninsula. By July 29th, they fully cleared the place and killed about 2,500 [[Japanese Empire|Japanese]] soldiers.<ref name="rott392">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 392 }}</ref> The 4th Marines were in the right of the West Flank while the 22nd Marine Regiment was on the left of the East Flanks, they quickly killed off the Japanese.<ref name="obr28">{{cite book| last1 = O'Brien| first1 = Cyril J.| title = Liberation: Marines in the Recapture of Guam| url = https://archive.org/details/AndAFewMarines| date = 1994| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center| location = Washington D.C.| isbn = 978-0-16-049374-4| page = 28 }}</ref>

On August 6th, the Japanese made a last stand, meaning that they stayed in their positions and fought until they died. Mount Santa Rosa was cleared on August 8th and Ritidian Point and Pati Point on August 10th. BY 11:32&nbsp;AM of August 10th, the Island was officially clear after 11,000 Japanese soldiers died. The 1st PMB was disbanded and the men there were moved to the 6th Marine Division.<ref name="obr51">{{cite book| last1 = O'Brien| first1 = Cyril J.| title = Liberation: Marines in the Recapture of Guam| url = https://archive.org/details/AndAFewMarines| date = 1994| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center| location = Washington D.C.| isbn = 978-0-16-049374-4| page = 51 }}</ref>

===After WWII===
After World War II, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade became way smaller and had  men, their name would change to 1st Provisional [[Artillery]] [[Battalion]] on 11th October, 1947. They used to be a Brigade, but became a Battalion, which has about 1,000 men and it became something called a "paper unit".<ref name="rott393">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 393 }}</ref> Some of the men that used to be in the Brigade became a part of the 1st Battalion, 11th Marines.<ref name="rott199">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 199 }}</ref><ref name="A Brief history of the 11th Marines">{{cite web|url=https://www.usmcu.edu/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801090544/http://usmcu.edu/|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2013|title=A Brief history of the 11th Marines - USMC Military History Division|publisher=USMC Military History Division|accessdate=2017-12-18|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===The Korean War===

[[File:Marines carrying wounded - Pusan.jpg|thumb|250px|Soldiers of the 1st PMB carrying a person who got shot in Korea.]]

During the Korean War, the [[United States Marine Corps]] was becoming smaller and they weren't prepared for the [[Korean War]]. During 25 of June, 1950, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (the people who lead the Military) told the Marines to get a 15,000 man division to help the [[United Nations ]]Command (a group of countries fighting in the war).<ref name="sg12">{{cite book| last1 = Stephen| first1 = Gammons LY.| title = The Korean War: The UN Offensive| date = 2015| publisher = CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform| isbn = 978-1-5192-3596-1| page = 12 }}</ref> The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was the first unit to be sent to Korea, under General Edward A. Craig. <ref name="usmcu1">{{cite web |title=U. S. MARINE OPERATIONS IN KORE A 1950—195 3 VOLUME V Operations in West Korea |url=https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/U_S_%20Marine%20Operations%20in%20Korea%20Vol%205%201950%20-%201953%20%20PCN%2019000264000.pdf |website=USMC EDU |publisher=LIEUTENANT COLONEL PAT MEID, USMCR, MAJOR JAMES M. YINGLING, USMC |accessdate=4 November 2022}}</ref>

The United States Marine Corps prepared the 1st Marine Division and other units to fight in the war. On July 7th, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was reactivated in [[California]] to fight in the war. One week later, they arrived in [[Busan|Pusan]]. Edward A. Craig was leading them and they were helped by Marine Aircraft Group 33. They fought a lot in the south of Korea.<ref name="ap259">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 259 }}</ref>

====Task Force Kean====
The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was immediately sent to Masan. They were sent to the westernmost flank of The Pusan Perimeter. The Eighth Army set up to resist the North Korean Army, which was trying to overwhelm United Nation Forces. The 1st PMB joined the 5th Regimental Combat Team and 25th Infantry Division under Major General William B. Kean. The three units of about 20,000 men banded together and made "Task Force Kean."<ref name="ap266">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 266 }}</ref><ref name="ap267">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 267 }}</ref>

General Walker and the Eight Army were about to make the first counter offensive by the United Nations. They were going to start by taking Chinju from the North Korean 6th Division. The attack the Geumgang River in the middle of the month.<ref name="ap126">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 126 }}</ref><ref name="ap265">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 265 }}</ref> One of Walker's goals was to stop North Koreans from grouping together next to Taegu. He wanted to do this by pushing some of the enemies south to keep them away. On August 6th, the Eighth Army was allowed to attack.<ref name="ap267/> The plan was to move west near Masan, take The Chinju Pass, and capture the Nam River,<ref name="ap269">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 269 }}</ref> but it depended on the arrival of a few battalions of tanks from the 2nd Infantry Divisions.<ref name="ap127">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 127 }}</ref>

Task Force Kean started on August 7th and left Masan.<ref name="bev128">{{cite book| last1 = Bevin| first1 = Alexander| title = Korea: The First War We Lost| date = 2003| publisher = Hippocrene Books| isbn = 978-0-7818-1019-7| page = 128 }}</ref> The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade rushed Pansong and the North Korean 6th Division Headquarters. There were 350 casualties on the North Korean side.<ref name="ap270">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 270 }}</ref> But the other units in Task Force Kean were slowed down by North Korean resistance.<ref name="ap271">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 271 }}</ref> The Task Force attacked Jindong-myeon which led to a weird battle where the 6th North Korean Division had air support and airdrops while Task Force Kean kept meeting the 6th Division and fighting.<ref name="Fehr127">{{harvnb|Fehrenbach|2001|p=127}}</ref>

A lot of fighting happened in three days, and by August 9th, Task Force Kean was sure that they could take Jinju-si.<ref name="ap268"/> Even if there was a lot of North Korean resistance, they were supported by airstrikes.<ref name="bev129">{{cite book| last1 = Bevin| first1 = Alexander| title = Korea: The First War We Lost| date = 2003| publisher = Hippocrene Books| isbn = 978-0-7818-1019-7| page = 129 }}</ref> On August 10th, Task Force Kean started to advance and met the North Korean 83rd Motorized Regiment, 105th Armored Division. They were surprised and tried to retreat, but F4U Corsairs from the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing attacked them multiple times. 200 men were killed and over 100 vehicles were destroyed.<ref name="ap275">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 275 }}</ref><ref name="bev130">{{cite book| last1 = Bevin| first1 = Alexander| title = Korea: The First War We Lost| date = 2003| publisher = Hippocrene Books| isbn = 978-0-7818-1019-7| page = 130 }}</ref>

The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade couldn't continue and were redeployed somewhere else on August 12th,<ref name="Appleman 1998 276">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 276 }}</ref> but Task Force Kean kept on going and took Chondong-ni.<ref name="ap277">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 277 }}</ref> The 8th Army needed some help in Taegu, specifically in the Naktong Bulge.<ref name="Appleman 1998 276"/><ref name="cat25"/> By August 14th, Task Force Kean failed it's objective of splitting the North Koreans at the Chinju pass.<ref name="bev131">{{cite book| last1 = Bevin| first1 = Alexander| title = Korea: The First War We Lost| date = 2003| publisher = Hippocrene Books| isbn = 978-0-7818-1019-7| page = 131 }}</ref><ref name="ap287">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 287 }}</ref> The North Korean 9th Division was almost gone, they had gone down to about 3000-4000 men. But the North Korean Army drafted South Koreans from Andong.<ref name="ap288">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 288 }}</ref>

====First Naktong Bulge====

[[File:Pusan_Perimeter.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Map of Naktong]]

In the First Naktong Bulge, the 1st PMB had to help stop a stalemate between the 24th Infantry Division and the North Korean 4th Infantry Division because the Americans kept shooting.<ref name="gug30">{{cite book| last1 = Gugeler| first1 = Russell A.| title = Combat Actions in Korea| date = 2005| publisher = University Press of the Pacific| location = Honolulu| isbn = 978-1-4102-2451-4| page = 30 }}</ref> They started on midnight of August 6th. The North Korean 4th Division had started to move across the Naktong River at the Ohang ferry site. They used their heads and rafts to carry their weapons.<ref name="gug25">{{cite book| last1 = Gugeler| first1 = Russell A.| title = Combat Actions in Korea| date = 2005| publisher = University Press of the Pacific| location = Honolulu| isbn = 978-1-4102-2451-4| page = 25 }}</ref><ref name="ap293">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 293 }}</ref> At 2&nbsp;AM on August 6th, the 4th Division started fighting the 3rd Battalion of the 34th Infantry Regiment. The 3rd Battalion had to retreat, and the North Koreans moved forward and tried to take down Yongsan.<ref name="gug30"/><ref name="ap294">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 294 }}</ref>
They took a lot of weapons from the Americans because they surprised them.<ref name="cat25">{{cite book| last1 = Catchpole| first1 = Brian| title = The Korean War| url = https://archive.org/details/koreanwar0000bria| date = 2001-09-13| publisher = Robinson Publishing| location = [[London]]| isbn = 978-1-84119-413-4| page = [https://archive.org/details/koreanwar0000bria/page/25 25] }}</ref> The Americans thought that they would attack from the far north.<ref name="bev136">{{cite book| last1 = Bevin| first1 = Alexander| title = Korea: The First War We Lost| date = 2003| publisher = Hippocrene Books| isbn = 978-0-7818-1019-7| page = 136 }}</ref><ref name="feh121">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 121 }}</ref>

A lot of American attacks caused stalemates.<ref name="ap296">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 296 }}</ref> On the morning of August 7th, the North Koreans were able to take over Cloverleaf Hill and Oblong-ni Ridge.<ref name="feh121"/> The place had bad terrain and it made a Bulge.<ref name="bev136" /> At 4&nbsp;PM, the 9th Infantry Regiment of the 2nd Infantry Division were sent there. The 24th Infantry Division, commanded by Major General John H. Church, ordered the attack of the Naktong Bulge.<ref name="ap299">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 299 }}</ref> On the morning of August 7th, the North Koreans took over Cloverleaf Hill and Oblong-ni Ridge.<ref name="ap300">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 300 }}</ref>

The 4th Division of North Korea was making  underwater bridges made of sandbags, trees and rocks.<ref name="feh121"/><ref name="feh301">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 301 }}</ref> It was strong enough to handle tanks and heavy things like artillery.<ref name="feh124">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 124 }}</ref><ref name="feh301"/> By August 10th, two entire regiments went over the river and took positions.<ref name="gug31">{{cite book| last1 = Gugeler| first1 = Russell A.| title = Combat Actions in Korea| date = 2005| publisher = University Press of the Pacific| location = Honolulu| isbn = 978-1-4102-2451-4| page = 31 }}</ref><ref name="bev136"/> The attack showed that the North Koreans could attack Yongsan, which forced the United States to send reinforcements.<ref name="ap301">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 301 }}</ref> There were lots of deaths there, then General Walker sent the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade to the Naktong,<ref name="Fehr127"/><ref name="ap307">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 307 }}</ref> They prepared to attack Cloverleaf Hill and Obong-ni, at 8&nbsp;AM on August 17th.<ref name="ap130">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 130 }}</ref> The 1st PMB sent all their men to attack; they used M26 tanks, airstrikes and mortars to help them.<ref name="ap312">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 312 }}</ref><ref name="ap313">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 313 }}</ref>

At first, the North Koreans stopped a lot of the attack, but then they were overwhelmed by the heavy fire that was targeting them. The 1st PMB started to take one hill at a time.<ref name="ap313"/> The Marines took Obong-ni first, then they destroyed a lot of enemies there with airstrikes. They destroyed all of the 18th Regiment.<ref name="feh132">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 132 }}</ref><ref name="cat26">{{cite book| last1 = Catchpole| first1 = Brian| title = The Korean War| url = https://archive.org/details/koreanwar0000bria| date = 2001-09-13| publisher = Robinson Publishing| location = [[London]]| isbn = 978-1-84119-413-4| page = [https://archive.org/details/koreanwar0000bria/page/26 26] }}</ref> The North Korean 4th Divisions tactics and strategies didn't work very well so they couldn't use them.<ref name="bev139">{{cite book| last1 = Bevin| first1 = Alexander| title = Korea: The First War We Lost| date = 2003| publisher = Hippocrene Books| isbn = 978-0-7818-1019-7| page = 139 }}</ref>

By August 18th, the Americans took Obong-ni and Cloverleaf Hill. The North Korean 4th Division only had about 300 or 400 men left, after starting with 700 men. The rest either surrendered or ran away because they didn't want to get captured.<ref name="feh134">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 134 }}</ref><ref name="ap317">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 317 }}</ref><ref name="cat26"/>

====Second Naktong Bulge====
In the Second Naktong Bulge, the 1st PMB only had 4,290 men, because about 500 men were killed in a month of war.<ref name="ap382">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 382 }}</ref> They were getting ready to go to Pusan to escape to Japan, but they joined other Marines in the 1st Marine Division that would attack Ichon.<ref name="ap453">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 453 }}</ref> They could not come because they were about to fight in Naktong. General Walker called them to help the 2nd Infantry Division in Naktong, but McArhut didn't like it because it would anger the East Command. They still fought. The attack was a threat to the supply line.<ref name="ap299"/>

The 2nd Division took the river line in Naktong,<ref name="feh147">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 147 }}</ref> and the 1st PMB rushed the river with everything they had. They planned their attack very well and won. After they helped the 2nd Infantry Division, they destroyed the North Korean army at the Naktong River then left as soon as the battle ended.<ref name="ap462">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 462 }}</ref><ref name="cat35">{{cite book| last1 = Catchpole| first1 = Brian| title = The Korean War| url = https://archive.org/details/koreanwar0000bria| date = 2001-09-13| publisher = Robinson Publishing| location = [[London]]| isbn = 978-1-84119-413-4| page = [https://archive.org/details/koreanwar0000bria/page/35 35] }}</ref>

====Battle of Yongsan====
During a meeting between the 2nd Division, Eighth Army and 1st Provisional Marine Brigade,<ref name="feh150">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 150 }}</ref> they all agreed to launch an attack at 8&nbsp;AM on September 3rd at the Yongsan–Naktong River road. The Marines were going to attack the south, while the Army would attack the north.<ref name="bev185">{{cite book| last1 = Bevin| first1 = Alexander| title = Korea: The First War We Lost| date = 2003| publisher = Hippocrene Books| isbn = 978-0-7818-1019-7| page = 185 }}</ref> Their goal was to get in contact with the 23rd Infantry Regiment, 2nd Engineer Combat Battalion, 1st Battalion, 9th Infantry, 25th Infantry Division, and 72nd Tank Battalion.<ref name="al535">{{cite book| last1 = Millett| first1 = Allan R.| title = The Korean War Volume 1| date = 2000| publisher = University of Nebraska| isbn = 978-0-8032-7794-6| page = 535 }}</ref>

The 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines and 1st Battalion, 5th Marines came to Yongsan while the 1st PMB was moved to the front of Yongsan.<ref name="feh150"/><ref name="ap463">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 463 }}</ref> The 1st PMB was under control of the 2nd Division. At night, the A Company of the 2nd Engineers fought a lot with the Korean People's Army. At dawn on September 3rd, the A Company gained high ground and fought the entrenched Koreans.<ref name="ap463/> The company leader was hit with a grenade and injured by it. They later took over the hill with the help of tanks.<ref name="ap464">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 464 }}</ref>

The Marines started an attack across some rice farms.<ref name="al535"/> The 1st Battalion, 5th Marines attacked the southern east-west and took an objective after the North Koreans were attacked by airstrikes and crossed to where the 2nd Battalion was. Airstrikes, machine gun fire, artillery and the 1st Battalion started to shoot the North Korean reinforcements.<ref name="bev185"/> The 1st Battalion moved to another hill.<ref name="ap464"/>

In the north, the 2nd Battalion took longer. They started to get a lot of fire when they went up about 3.2&nbsp;km.<ref name="bev185"/> The D Company, 2nd Battalion was isolated and some tanks were taking down North Korean T-34s.<ref name="ap464"/> The North Korean crewmen abandoned 1/5th of all their armored vehicles.<ref name="al535"/> By the end of the day, the 2nd Battalion entrenched and lost 95 men. Most of them were from the D Company. <ref name="ap464"/>

The 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines was allowed to pass the 2nd Battalion and continue fighting in the morning.<ref name="bev185"/> When the morning came, the North Koreans retreated and the 1st Battalion occupied some tents that looked like a command post. They quickly saw T-34 tanks that were abandoned and in good condition. At night, the North Koreans attacked the place and hit G Company hard.<ref name="feh153">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 153 }}</ref> When it started to rain they slowed down.<ref name="feh152">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 152 }}</ref> The North Koreans surrounded the G Company and some started hand to hand combat. The 9th Infantry came in and helped the Marines.<ref name="ap465">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 465 }}</ref>

On September 5th, after 10-minute-long artillery preparations, the Americans started to move out in the rain. They moved to Obong-ni Ridge and the 9th Infantry came close to Cloverleaf Hill that was captured in the First Battle of Naktong Bulge. They saw some North Koreans going up. The marines split and took the pass between both hills.

About 300 North Koreans came in from the village of Tugok and started to fight the B Company. Some T-34s attacked by surprise and took out 2&nbsp;M-26 Pershing Tanks. The B Company had to retreat, but the A and C Companies fought the North Koreans with mortars. By the end of the day, there were 1,245 casualties and 106 of them were marines.<ref name="ap465"/> The number of North Korean deaths is unknown.<ref name="ap603">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 603 }}</ref>

By September 4th, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was released from the 2nd Division by General Walker. He thought that he had enough men to continue on with his mission.<ref name="bev186">{{cite book| last1 = Bevin| first1 = Alexander| title = Korea: The First War We Lost| date = 2003| publisher = Hippocrene Books| isbn = 978-0-7818-1019-7| page = 186 }}</ref>

===Disbanding===
After the Battle of Yongsan, General Walker released the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade from control of the 2nd Division. On September 5th,<ref name="feh154">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 154 }}</ref> the 1st PMB started to leave Yongsan, then they joined the 7th Marine Regiment and 1st Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division<ref name="ap465"/> since the 1st Marine Division was being reformed. MacArthur said that he could not fight in Inchon if there were no Marines,<ref name="bev186"/> so he sent some to the Army's 65th Infantry Regiment and 17th Infantry Regiment.<ref name="bev187">{{cite book| last1 = Bevin| first1 = Alexander| title = Korea: The First War We Lost| date = 2003| publisher = Hippocrene Books| isbn = 978-0-7818-1019-7| page = 187 }}</ref><ref name="feh158">{{cite book| last1 = T.R.| first1 = Fehrenbach| title = This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History| edition = Fiftieth| date = 2001| publisher = Potomac Books Inc.| location = Washington D.C| isbn = 978-1-57488-334-3| page = 158 }}</ref>

==Structure & Organization==
[[File:1PMB ORG GUAM WWII.png|thumb|Order of Battle for the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade during the Invasion of Guam|255px]]
The Brigade had different sizes every time it was reactivated, but usually there was a Headquarters and Service Company. They also had companies much smaller than normal,<ref name="rott242"/> and they would have a military police, and support companies.<ref name="rott236">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 236 }}</ref> There were also signal companies and platoons. During the Negro Rebellion, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade had about 1,200 men that was in two separate regiments.

When the 1st PMB went to [[Iceland]] they had more men, these were 1st, 2nd, and 3rd [[Battalion|battalions]] from the 6th Marine Regiment, the 2nd battalion the 10th Marine [[Regiment]],<ref name="cap35"/> the A company from the 2nd Tank Battalion, the A company from the 2nd Service Battalion, and the entire 5th Marine Defense Battalion.<ref name="bog29">{{cite journal |last1=Bogart |first1=Charles H. |title=Fifth Marine Defense Battalion in Iceland |journal=Coast Defense Journal |volume=29 |issue=3}}</ref>

When they went to [[Guam]] they had a very big [[brigade]] of 9,886 men. It had the 4th Marine Regiment, the 22nd Marine Regiment, a military police company, a signals platoon and an Artillery Battalion consisting of 4 batteries. The 53rd Naval Construction Battalion was also assigned to the Brigade.<ref name="rott383">{{cite book| last1 = Rottman| first1 = Gordon L.| title = S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War| date = 2001| publisher = Greenwood Press| location = Westport| isbn = 978-0-313-31906-8| page = 383 }}</ref>

In the [[Korean War]], they had about 4,725 men: the 5th Marine Regiment's 1st, 2nd and 3rd battalions, the 1st Combat Engineer Battalion, the 1st Medical Battalion, the 1st Motor Transport Battalion, the 1st Ordnance Battalion, the 1st Service Battalion, the 1st Shore Party Battalion, the 1st Signal Battalion, the 1st Tank Battalion, the 1st Amphibian Tractor Company, and the 1st Combat Service Group.<ref name="var106">{{cite book| last1 = Varhola| first1 = Michael J.| title = Fire and Ice: The Korean War| date = 2000| publisher = Da Capo Press| location = Mason City| isbn = 978-1-882810-44-4| page = 106 }}</ref> They also had support from the Marine Aircraft Group 33.<ref name="ap268">{{cite book| last1 = Appleman| first1 = Roy E.| title = South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War| date = 1998| publisher = Department of the Army| isbn = 978-0-16-001918-0| page = 258 }}</ref>

==Awards==
Even though the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade wasn't permanent, it still got streamers for its service and actions in Cuba, Iceland, Guam, Pusan, Yongsan and Naktong. These "streamers" or awards include:<ref name="navy194">{{cite book |title=Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual |date=2006 |publisher=Department of the Navy |page=194 |url=http://doni.daps.dla.mil/Directives/01000%20Military%20Personnel%20Support/01-600%20Performance%20and%20Discipline%20Programs/1650.1H.PDF}}</ref><ref name="navy24">{{cite book |title=Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual NAVPERS 15 790 |date=1953 |publisher=Department of the Navy |location=Washington D.C |page=24}}</ref><ref name="navy161">{{cite book |title=Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual NAVPERS 15 790 |date=1953 |publisher=Department of the Navy |location=Washington D.C |page=161}}</ref><ref name="navy220">{{cite book |title=Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual NAVPERS 15 790 |date=1953 |publisher=Department of the Navy |location=Washington D.C |page=220}}</ref><ref name="navy240">{{cite book |title=Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual NAVPERS 15 790 |date=1953 |publisher=Department of the Navy |location=Washington D.C |page=240}}</ref>
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;"
|-
! Streamer
! Name
! Year

|-
||[[File:Streamer PUC Navy.PNG|200px]]
||Presidential Unit Citation Streamer
||1950
|-
||[[File:Streamer KPUC.PNG|200px]]
||Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation Streamer
||1950
|-
||[[File:Navy Unit Commendation streamer.svg|200px]]
||Navy Unit Commendation
||1944
|-
||[[File:Streamer APC.PNG|200px]]
||Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer
||1944

|-
||[[File:Streamer WWII V.PNG|200px]]
||[[World War II Victory Medal|World War II Victory Streamer]]
||1945
|-
||[[File:NDS 3B.PNG|200px]]
||[[National Defense Service Medal|National Defense Service Streamer]]
||1950
|-
||[[File:Korean Service Medal - Streamer.png|200px]]
||Korean Service Medal|Korean Service Streamer
||1950

|}
==Related pages==
* [[Korean War]]
* [[Guam]]
* [[World War II]]
* [[Iceland]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

[[Category:United States Marine Corps]]
[[Category:1912 establishments]]
[[Category:1951 disestablishments]]