Streptomycin
Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, and was the first of these to be discovered in 1943 by Albert Shatz.[1][2][3] The use of streptomycin involves the disruption of protein synthesis within the ribosome, preventing replication of bacteria.[4] It arises from the bacteria Streptomyces griseus and is majorly used in the treatment of infections from aerobic gram-negative bacteria.[1]
Uses
[change | change source]Streptomycin has been classified by the World Health Organisation as a critically important antimicrobial for human medicine.[5] The most common use of streptomycin today is the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.[1] The antibiotic has a variety of antibacterial activity which is beneficial for the treatment of a wide range of infections.[6] Other infections treated using streptomycin include pneumonia, Mycobacterium avium complex-MAC, E. coli influenza, plague, and tularemia.
Side effects
[change | change source]Common side effects of the use of streptomycin coincide with those seen with the use of other aminoglycoside antibiotics. These include both kidney and ear toxicity, alongside chronic kidney disease.[7] Other dangerous side effects of the use of this drug also include vestibular and auditory system disorders.[8]
Mechanism of action
[change | change source]The use of streptomycin involves the disruption of protein synthesis within the ribosome, preventing the replication of bacteria.[4] The antibiotic creates ionic bonds with the negatively charged sections of the bacterial cell membrane to access the inner cytoplasmic membrane.[9] Streptomycin is only effective against aerobic bacteria as an electron transport system used within the respiratory cycle is needed,[1] however, the antibiotic is able to inhibit both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.[10]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Waters, Mitchell; Tadi, Prasanna (2023), "Streptomycin", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32310346, retrieved 2023-06-29
- ↑ Kingston, William (2004-07-01). "Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the Balance of Credit for Discovery". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 59 (3): 441–462. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrh091. PMID 15270337. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ↑ "Streptomycin". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Honoré, N; Cole, S T (1994-02-01). "Streptomycin resistance in mycobacteria". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 38 (2): 238–242. doi:10.1128/AAC.38.2.238. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 284433. PMID 8192450.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2019). Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (6th rev. ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/312266. ISBN 978-92-4-151552-8.
- ↑ "Streptomycin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2023-07-08.
- ↑ Prayle, A.; Watson, A.; Fortnum, H.; Smyth, A. (2010-07-01). "Side effects of aminoglycosides on the kidney, ear and balance in cystic fibrosis". Thorax. 65 (7): 654–658. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.131532. ISSN 0040-6376. PMC 2921289. PMID 20627927.
- ↑ Molitor, Hans (1947-04-01). "Pharmacology of Streptomycin". Bull N Y Acad Med. 23 (4): 196–206. PMC 1871547. PMID 19312525.
- ↑ Rocha, Deisy M. G. C.; Viveiros, Miguel; Saraiva, Margarida; Osório, Nuno S. (2021-12-17). "The Neglected Contribution of Streptomycin to the Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Problem". Genes. 12 (12): 2003. doi:10.3390/genes12122003. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 8701281. PMID 34946952.
- ↑ Schatz, A.; Bugle, E.; Waksman, S. A. (1944-01-01). "Streptomycin, a Substance Exhibiting Antibiotic Activity Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.*". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 55 (1): 66–69. doi:10.3181/00379727-55-14461. ISSN 1535-3702. S2CID 33680180.