: F. Yenişehirlioğlu (ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Congress AIECM3 on Medieval and Modern Period Mediterranean Ceramics, Antalya, 19-24 October 2015. Koç University VEKAM, Ankara., 2018
Cet article est une courte synthèse de notre étude des productions céramiques à la transition ent... more Cet article est une courte synthèse de notre étude des productions céramiques à la transition entre périodes byzantine et turque dans l’Ouest anatolien. Des analyses archéométriques associées aux données archéologiques ont permis de définir des productions, parfois localisées, et d’observer l’apparition de nouveaux types locaux avec l’installation des premières populations turques. L’étude des éléments de décor a permis de caractériser leurs techniques de fabrication, et de montrer que bien que la tradition byzantine locale (glaçure plombifère reposant sur un engobe argileux) soit toujours observée avec les sgraffitos polychromes et les céramiques à décor moulé, de nouvelles recettes sont utilisées pour les céramiques à glaçure turquoise et pour les «Miletus Ware», avec l’apparition de glaçures alcalino-plombifères. Pour ce qui est des engobes, ils deviennent synthétiques avec les «Miletus Ware», préfigurant ainsi les productions plus tardives d’Iznik.
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Our study was conducted on archaeological samples of Miletus Ware from eight sites in Turkey and Crimea, whose productions were defined and contextualized through archaeological research and provenance studies carried out by elemental analyses by WD-XRF of the ceramic bodies. The results that will be presented focus on the decoration techniques defined by analyses of glazes, underglaze paintings and slips using SEM-EDS and Raman spectroscopy.
These results show that there were main innovations in the Miletus Ware decoration production technology. While the decoration of Byzantine ceramics was essentially constituted of a highlead transparent glaze, coloured by a reduced range of metallic oxides resting on a clay slip, the decoration of the Miletus Ware was different and much more varied. Its glaze recipe included indeed new sodium-based fluxes and new underglaze decorations like the black and dark blue ones – obtained respectively with pigments featuring magnesiochromite and cobalt – which were produced with materials that potters in western Anatolia did not use before. Furthermore, the slip was no longer clay-based but synthetic, prefiguring in this way the later production using synthetic paste of the Iznik Fritwares upon which the fame of 16th century Ottoman ceramics was based.
These observations demonstrate that Miletus Ware was a marker of a technological transition in late medieval western Anatolia, whose production implied the use of new resources, as well as the creation of new commercial relationships in the ceramic industry of this region, likely favoured by the expansion of the Ottoman empire.
Our study was conducted on archaeological samples of Miletus Ware from eight sites in Turkey and Crimea, whose productions were defined and contextualized through archaeological research and provenance studies carried out by elemental analyses by WD-XRF of the ceramic bodies. The results that will be presented focus on the decoration techniques defined by analyses of glazes, underglaze paintings and slips using SEM-EDS and Raman spectroscopy.
These results show that there were main innovations in the Miletus Ware decoration production technology. While the decoration of Byzantine ceramics was essentially constituted of a highlead transparent glaze, coloured by a reduced range of metallic oxides resting on a clay slip, the decoration of the Miletus Ware was different and much more varied. Its glaze recipe included indeed new sodium-based fluxes and new underglaze decorations like the black and dark blue ones – obtained respectively with pigments featuring magnesiochromite and cobalt – which were produced with materials that potters in western Anatolia did not use before. Furthermore, the slip was no longer clay-based but synthetic, prefiguring in this way the later production using synthetic paste of the Iznik Fritwares upon which the fame of 16th century Ottoman ceramics was based.
These observations demonstrate that Miletus Ware was a marker of a technological transition in late medieval western Anatolia, whose production implied the use of new resources, as well as the creation of new commercial relationships in the ceramic industry of this region, likely favoured by the expansion of the Ottoman empire.