Xitshopana
| Muvala wa Xitshopana | ||||||||
|
Muvala wa Xitshopana(Kumbe Halandi) i muvala lowunge xikarhi ka muvala wa tshopi na wa rihlaza eka nxaxamelo wa magandlati ya rivoningo. Muvala lowu wu vonaka loko magandlati ya rivoningo makhuluka exikarhi ka 570–590 wa ti nanomitara. I muvala wa xisimeko eka nkongomiso wa mavala wu tirhisiwa ngopfu eka ngandliso wa switsariwa. Eka nkongomiso wa mavala wa RBG, muvala wa xitshopana wu tirhisiwa ku vanga mavala eka tithelevixini na tikhompuyutara, naswona wu endliwa hi ku hlanganisa muvala wo tshwuka na wa rihlaza hi ku ringanana. Ti Caroteniod ti vanga muvala wa xitshopana eka matluka ya ximun'wana, tindzoho ta mavele, swiluva, maswira, mandza na minsenga, naswona ti kokela matimba ya miseve ya dyambu leswaku ti sirhelela mihandzu leyi.[1] Dyambu ri vonaka riri na muvala wa xitshopana loko ritsivuka kumbe ku pela, hikwalaho ka leswi xibhakabhaka xi hangalasaka miseve ya dyambu leyi ngana magandlati yo koma (Muvala wa rihlaza, wa wasi na wa vhangazi).
Hikwalaho ka ku tala ka sava ra tsumani ya xitshopana, muvala lowu i wun'wana wa mavala lama tirhisiweke ngopfu ekusunguleni ka vupfapfarhuti; naswona baku rale Lascaux etikweni ra Furhwa rina pfupfarhuto wa hanci ya xitshopana, leyi tsariweke kwalomu ka 17,000 wa malembe lama hundzeke. Vumba ra tsumani a ritirhisiwa ku fananisa nhlonge ya nsuku e masirheni ya mabaku ya le Egipta, wuthlela nakambe wu tirhisiwa eka mipfapfarhuto ya marhangu ya mimiti ya xirhoma.[2] Eka tikereke to sungula ta vukreste, muvala wa xitshopana a wu yelanisiwa na mupapa, ku katsa na mpfungulo wa nsuku wa mfumo, wuthlela wu yelanisiwa na Judasi Skariyoti naswona a wutirhisiwa ku funga vajagana. Eka lembe xidzana ra vu 20, mayuda aya sindzisiwa ku mbala xinyeletana xa muvala wa xitshopana. Khale ka tiko ra Chayina, muvala wa xitshopana wo vangama a wuri muvala wa mfumo naswona awu mbariwa hi hosi na ndyangu wale vuhosini ntsena, naswona va endzi vo hlawuleka va mfumo ava amukeriwa eka nguvo ya lehansi ya muvala wa xitshopana.[3]
Hikuya hi mbuyelo wa ku hlahluva mavonele ya vanhu e tikweni-nkulu ra Yuropa, tiko ra Khanada na ra Amerikha, muvala wa xitshopana wu yelanisiwa na mafenya, vunene, na ku ntshuxeka, kuthlandalmeta kwalano, wuthlela wu yelanisiwa na mona na vutoya.[4] Etikweni ra Irani, wu yelanisiwa na vuvabyi,[5] wuthlela wu yelanisiwa na vuthlarhi na nkhomano.[6] Etikweni ra Chayina, na matiko mn'wana ya tiko-nkulu ra Axiya, wuvoniwa tani hi muvala wo yelana na ntsako, kukwetsima, ntwanano na vuthlarhi.[7]
Mintshaho
[Lulamisa | edit source]- ↑ Armstrong, G.A.; Hearst, J.E. (1996). "Carotenoids 2: Genetics and molecular biology of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis". FASEB J. 10 (2): 228–37. PMID 8641556.
- ↑ "Pigments through the Ages – Antiquity". Archived from the original on 2018-03-26. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
- ↑ Cited in Eva Heller (2000), Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques, p. 82.
- ↑ Eva Heller (2000), Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques, pp. 69–86.
- ↑ "Culture of Iran: Festival of Fire". www.iranchamber.com.
- ↑ "Shades of doubt and shapes of hope: Colors in Iranian culture". www.payvand.com. Archived from the original on 2022-12-21. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
- ↑ Eva Heller (2000), Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques, pp. 69–86