Silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) have shown their potential for use in farming under water-deficien... more Silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) have shown their potential for use in farming under water-deficient conditions. Thus, the experiment was accomplished to explore the impacts of seed priming of Si-NPs on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield under different drought levels. The plants were grown in pots under natural ecological environmental conditions and were harvested on 25th of April, 2020. The results revealed that seed priming of Si-NPs (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/L) suggestively improved, the spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, plant height, grain yield, and biological yield by 12–42%, 14–54%, 5–49%, 5–41%, 17–62%, and 21–64%, respectively, relative to the control. The Si-NPs improved the leaf gas trade ascribes and chlorophyll a and b concentrations, though decreased the oxidative pressure in leaves which was demonstrated by the diminished electrolyte leakage and upgrade in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in leaf under Si-NPs remedies over the...
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway and plays a ... more Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway and plays a vital role in adoption, growth, and development in plants but in wheat its characterization is still not very clear. Here, we report a genome-wide identification of TaPAL genes and analysis of their transcriptional expression, duplication, and phylogeny in wheat. A total of 37 TaPAL genes that cluster into three subfamilies have been identified based on phylogenetic analysis. These TaPAL genes are distributed on 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5B, 6A, 6B, and 6D chromosomes. Gene structure, conserved domain analysis, and investigation of cis-regulatory elements were systematically carried out. Chromosomal rearrangements and gene loss were observed by evolutionary analysis of the orthologs among Triticum urartu, Aegilops tauschii, and Triticum aestivum during the origin of bread wheat. Gene ontology analysis revealed that PAL genes play a role in plant growth. We also identified 27 putative m...
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute an important class of plant hormones involved in diverse developm... more Strigolactones (SLs) constitute an important class of plant hormones involved in diverse developmental activities in plant growth and host-parasite interaction. Although substantial progress has been made to understand this pathway, the mechanism of action is still elusive especially with its interaction with other phytohormones and downstream targets. Here we have utilized the negative role of strigolactones in rice (Oryza sativa L.) mesocotyl elongation as a morphological marker for the identification and characterization of new developmental mutants. We observed that deep sown seeds develop longer mesocotyl compared with the surface-grown seeds in the dark condition. Based on this observation, we have developed a method to access mesocotyl elongation consisting of the glass vessel and vermiculite as a growth media. Mesocotyl elongation in the modified deep sown system results in a many-fold increase compared to the surface-grown seeds in the dark condition. External application o...
Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research, 2016
This study was performed to determine the combining ability of seven lines for hybrid production.... more This study was performed to determine the combining ability of seven lines for hybrid production. Line × tester analysis was used to estimate the combining ability and gene action for yield related traits. Twelve F 1 hybrids and their seven parents were evaluated in drought conditions for yield and yield related traits in a replicated trial during the year 2013-14. Among lines, 41IBWSN1143 that showed best GCA for yield and two of its component traits (FT and 100GW) and among testers, the genotype SEHER-2006 that had positive GCA effects for grain yield and most of its components, were pointed as the best female and male general combiners respectively. In case of hybrids, 27SAWSN3002 × SEHER-2006, 41IBWSN1142 × ASS-11, 41IBWSN1143 × 41IBWSN1149, 41IBWSN1134 × 41IBWSN1149 and 41IBWSN1134 × ASS-11 performed better for almost all traits (PH, FT, SL, S/S, GW/S, 100GW and Y/P). GCA and SCA variances revealed predominantly non-additive gene action for all three important yield traits (FT,...
Degeneration of apical spikelets and reduced panicle fertility are common reasons for low seed-se... more Degeneration of apical spikelets and reduced panicle fertility are common reasons for low seed-setting rate in rice (Oryza sativa). However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report a novel degenerated panicle and partial sterility 1 (dps1) mutant that showed panicle apical degeneration and reduced fertility in middle spikelets. dps1 plants were characterized by small whitish anthers with altered cuticle morphology and absence of pollen grains. Amounts of cuticular wax and cutin were significantly reduced in dps1 anthers. Panicles of dps1 plants showed an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lower antioxidant activity, and increased programmed cell death. Map-based cloning revealed that DPS1 encodes a mitochondrial-localized protein containing a cystathionine b-synthase domain that showed the highest expression in panicles and anthers. DPS1 physically interacted with mitochondrial thioredoxin proteins Trx1 and Trx20, and it participated in ROS scavenging. Global gene expression analysis in dps1 revealed that biological processes related to fatty acid metabolism and ROS homeostasis were significantly affected, and the expression of key genes involved in wax and cutin biosynthesis were downregulated. These results suggest that DPS1 plays a vital role in regulating ROS homeostasis, anther cuticle formation, and panicle development in rice.
Leaf morphology influences photosynthesis, transpiration, and ultimately crop yield. However, the... more Leaf morphology influences photosynthesis, transpiration, and ultimately crop yield. However, the molecular mechanism of leaf development is still not fully understood. Here, we identified and characterized the narrow leaf21 (nal21) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), showing a significant reduction in leaf width, leaf length and plant height, and increased tiller number. Microscopic observation revealed defects in the vascular system and reduced epidermal cell size and number in the nal21 leaf blade. Map-based cloning revealed that NAL21 encodes a ribosomal small subunit protein RPS3A. Ribosome-targeting antibiotics resistance assay and ribosome profiling showed a significant reduction in the free 40S ribosome subunit in the nal21 mutant. The nal21 mutant showed aberrant auxin responses in which multiple auxin response factors (ARFs) harboring upstream open-reading frames (uORFs) in their 5′-untranslated region were repressed at the translational level. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A (...
This study was performed to determine the combining ability of seven lines for hybrid production.... more This study was performed to determine the combining ability of seven lines for hybrid production. Line × tester analysis was used to estimate the combining ability and gene action for yield related traits. Twelve F 1 hybrids and their seven parents were evaluated in drought conditions for yield and yield related traits in a replicated trial during the year 2013-14. Among lines, 41IBWSN1143 that showed best GCA for yield and two of its component traits (FT and 100GW) and among testers, the genotype SEHER-2006 that had positive GCA effects for grain yield and most of its components, were pointed as the best female and male general combiners respectively. In case of hybrids, showed additive type of gene action. These superior parental genotypes could be included as promising parents in future research for successful wheat hybridization and hybrids can be further exploited in future generations for the improvement of morphological traits which confer resistance to water deficit stress with stable grain yields.
Silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) have shown their potential for use in farming under water-deficien... more Silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) have shown their potential for use in farming under water-deficient conditions. Thus, the experiment was accomplished to explore the impacts of seed priming of Si-NPs on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield under different drought levels. The plants were grown in pots under natural ecological environmental conditions and were harvested on 25th of April, 2020. The results revealed that seed priming of Si-NPs (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/L) suggestively improved, the spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, plant height, grain yield, and biological yield by 12–42%, 14–54%, 5–49%, 5–41%, 17–62%, and 21–64%, respectively, relative to the control. The Si-NPs improved the leaf gas trade ascribes and chlorophyll a and b concentrations, though decreased the oxidative pressure in leaves which was demonstrated by the diminished electrolyte leakage and upgrade in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in leaf under Si-NPs remedies over the...
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway and plays a ... more Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway and plays a vital role in adoption, growth, and development in plants but in wheat its characterization is still not very clear. Here, we report a genome-wide identification of TaPAL genes and analysis of their transcriptional expression, duplication, and phylogeny in wheat. A total of 37 TaPAL genes that cluster into three subfamilies have been identified based on phylogenetic analysis. These TaPAL genes are distributed on 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5B, 6A, 6B, and 6D chromosomes. Gene structure, conserved domain analysis, and investigation of cis-regulatory elements were systematically carried out. Chromosomal rearrangements and gene loss were observed by evolutionary analysis of the orthologs among Triticum urartu, Aegilops tauschii, and Triticum aestivum during the origin of bread wheat. Gene ontology analysis revealed that PAL genes play a role in plant growth. We also identified 27 putative m...
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute an important class of plant hormones involved in diverse developm... more Strigolactones (SLs) constitute an important class of plant hormones involved in diverse developmental activities in plant growth and host-parasite interaction. Although substantial progress has been made to understand this pathway, the mechanism of action is still elusive especially with its interaction with other phytohormones and downstream targets. Here we have utilized the negative role of strigolactones in rice (Oryza sativa L.) mesocotyl elongation as a morphological marker for the identification and characterization of new developmental mutants. We observed that deep sown seeds develop longer mesocotyl compared with the surface-grown seeds in the dark condition. Based on this observation, we have developed a method to access mesocotyl elongation consisting of the glass vessel and vermiculite as a growth media. Mesocotyl elongation in the modified deep sown system results in a many-fold increase compared to the surface-grown seeds in the dark condition. External application o...
Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research, 2016
This study was performed to determine the combining ability of seven lines for hybrid production.... more This study was performed to determine the combining ability of seven lines for hybrid production. Line × tester analysis was used to estimate the combining ability and gene action for yield related traits. Twelve F 1 hybrids and their seven parents were evaluated in drought conditions for yield and yield related traits in a replicated trial during the year 2013-14. Among lines, 41IBWSN1143 that showed best GCA for yield and two of its component traits (FT and 100GW) and among testers, the genotype SEHER-2006 that had positive GCA effects for grain yield and most of its components, were pointed as the best female and male general combiners respectively. In case of hybrids, 27SAWSN3002 × SEHER-2006, 41IBWSN1142 × ASS-11, 41IBWSN1143 × 41IBWSN1149, 41IBWSN1134 × 41IBWSN1149 and 41IBWSN1134 × ASS-11 performed better for almost all traits (PH, FT, SL, S/S, GW/S, 100GW and Y/P). GCA and SCA variances revealed predominantly non-additive gene action for all three important yield traits (FT,...
Degeneration of apical spikelets and reduced panicle fertility are common reasons for low seed-se... more Degeneration of apical spikelets and reduced panicle fertility are common reasons for low seed-setting rate in rice (Oryza sativa). However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report a novel degenerated panicle and partial sterility 1 (dps1) mutant that showed panicle apical degeneration and reduced fertility in middle spikelets. dps1 plants were characterized by small whitish anthers with altered cuticle morphology and absence of pollen grains. Amounts of cuticular wax and cutin were significantly reduced in dps1 anthers. Panicles of dps1 plants showed an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lower antioxidant activity, and increased programmed cell death. Map-based cloning revealed that DPS1 encodes a mitochondrial-localized protein containing a cystathionine b-synthase domain that showed the highest expression in panicles and anthers. DPS1 physically interacted with mitochondrial thioredoxin proteins Trx1 and Trx20, and it participated in ROS scavenging. Global gene expression analysis in dps1 revealed that biological processes related to fatty acid metabolism and ROS homeostasis were significantly affected, and the expression of key genes involved in wax and cutin biosynthesis were downregulated. These results suggest that DPS1 plays a vital role in regulating ROS homeostasis, anther cuticle formation, and panicle development in rice.
Leaf morphology influences photosynthesis, transpiration, and ultimately crop yield. However, the... more Leaf morphology influences photosynthesis, transpiration, and ultimately crop yield. However, the molecular mechanism of leaf development is still not fully understood. Here, we identified and characterized the narrow leaf21 (nal21) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), showing a significant reduction in leaf width, leaf length and plant height, and increased tiller number. Microscopic observation revealed defects in the vascular system and reduced epidermal cell size and number in the nal21 leaf blade. Map-based cloning revealed that NAL21 encodes a ribosomal small subunit protein RPS3A. Ribosome-targeting antibiotics resistance assay and ribosome profiling showed a significant reduction in the free 40S ribosome subunit in the nal21 mutant. The nal21 mutant showed aberrant auxin responses in which multiple auxin response factors (ARFs) harboring upstream open-reading frames (uORFs) in their 5′-untranslated region were repressed at the translational level. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A (...
This study was performed to determine the combining ability of seven lines for hybrid production.... more This study was performed to determine the combining ability of seven lines for hybrid production. Line × tester analysis was used to estimate the combining ability and gene action for yield related traits. Twelve F 1 hybrids and their seven parents were evaluated in drought conditions for yield and yield related traits in a replicated trial during the year 2013-14. Among lines, 41IBWSN1143 that showed best GCA for yield and two of its component traits (FT and 100GW) and among testers, the genotype SEHER-2006 that had positive GCA effects for grain yield and most of its components, were pointed as the best female and male general combiners respectively. In case of hybrids, showed additive type of gene action. These superior parental genotypes could be included as promising parents in future research for successful wheat hybridization and hybrids can be further exploited in future generations for the improvement of morphological traits which confer resistance to water deficit stress with stable grain yields.
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Papers by Muhammad Uzair