Endodontics Department

The aim of the present study was to examine the short-term biocompatibility of Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) paste and white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate MTA by implanting them into polyethylene tubes in the subcutaneous connective tissue of rats. twenty five male Wistar rats, 3-4 months old, weighing 300-350 g, were used. The tubes were implanted dorsally into the subcutaneous connective tissues of the rats. Five animals were sacrificed at five examination time points: 1, 3, 5, 7 and 15 days. The connective tissues containing the implants were excised. These sections were studied qualitatively and quantitatively using a light microscope. An average value for each group was obtained by averaging the sum of all inflammatory cells counted in 10 randomly selected, separate areas. For the ERRM group: There was a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells on days 1-3 and on days 5-7 (P ≤ 0.003 and P ≤ 0.024). In the WHITE MTA group, the mean values of the sum of the inflammatory cells during the periods 1-3 days and 5-7 days were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.044, respectively) and the XILOPERCHA group: Difference was observed significant in the value of the sum of inflammatory cells during the period of 3-5 days (P ≤ 0.05). According to the results it can be concluded that both, ERRM as MTA, caused an inflammatory reaction, which decreased over time; suggesting that both materials are biocompatible; showing however the presence of a higher organization of collagen fibers around the implants of ERRM.

RESUMEN: El objetivo fue determinar las diferencias de grosor y proyección labial en hombres y mujeres mesofaciales y braquifaciales mexicanos a través del análisis de Arnett & Bergman. Se evaluaron 120 radiografías laterales de cráneo usando mediciones lineales y angulares de la cefalometría de tejidos blandos. Se evaluaron las dimensiones: plano oclusal, ángulo interincisal, grosor del labio superior e inferior, ángulo nasolabial, gap interlabial, proyección del labio superior e inferior, plano vertical nasion-menton. Para el análisis estadístico se realizó una prueba ANOVA usando el software minitab versión 15 para determinar las diferencias entre los grupos. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el plano oclusal del incisivo superior e inferior, en el ángulo interincisal, ángulo nasolabial, gap interlabial y proyecciones de labio superior e inferior. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en mujeres: grosor del labio superior (p≤0,007), grosor del labio inferior (p≤0,001) y en el plano vertical nasion-menton (p≤0,001); mientras que para hombres se identificó diferencia significativa en: grosor del labio inferior (p≤0,033), proyección de labio inferior (p≤0,039) y en el plano vertical nasion-menton (p≤0,001). Estas medidas muestran que las diferencias del biotipo facial se identifican en cambios de los tejidos blandos. Existe una diferencia en el grosor de los labios entre los individuos mesofaciales y braquifaciales.

Revascularization is a regenerative treatment that takes an alternative biological appr oach to treating immature teeth with necrotic pulp caused by caries or trauma. In contrast to apexifi cation and techniques based on the use of artifi cial apical barriers, it allows root development to continue. The purpose of this article is to review the biological basis behind revascularization and the different protocols described in the literature for the treatment of infected immature permanent teeth with or without periapical pathology.

RESUMEN: El conocimiento de la complejidad anatómica del sistema radicular de conductos generada por conductos accesorios, deltas apicales e istmos, aumenta la probabilidad de éxito en el tratamiento endodóntico, dado que dichos sitios pueden ser un reservorio de microorganismos y materia orgánica que pueden limitar la acción de los instrumentos, las sustancias irrigantes y los medicamentos intraconducto. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la incidencia y el tipo de istmos presentes en los distintos segmentos de raíces mesio-vestibulares de molares superiores y mesiales de molares inferiores. Se recolectaron setenta y dos primeros molares extraídos, treinta y seis superiores y treinta y seis inferiores a los cuales se les tomó radiografías y se les estudiaron distintas variantes anatómicas como número de conductos, curvatura y configuración radicular; posteriormente se les eliminó la corona y las raíces mesio-vestibulares de superiores y mesiales de inferiores se incluyeron en resina epóxica y con un disco de diamante se hicieron cortes transversales en cada raíz dejando cinco secciones de un mm iniciando desde el extremo apical hasta el cervical, se tiñeron con cristal violeta y se analizó la presencia de istmos y su clasificación bajo microscopio estereoscópico. Los resultados mostraron una alta incidencia de istmos asociada a raices de configuración aplanada. Entre más cerca del ápice, más baja la incidencia de istmo tanto en las raices mesiovestibulares del primer molar superior como en las raices mesiales del primer molar inferior; la más alta incidencia de istmos se dio aproximadamente a siete mm del ápice y la clase de istmo más frecuentemente encontrada fue la clase II en ambos tipos de raíz.

A new system for sustained release of growth factors, such as osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), intended to repair and promote dental tissue regeneration in rats was designed and characterized in this work. The release system was made with microparticles of sodium alginate, produced by ionic gelling dripping technique. The release profiles of OP-1 and TGF-β1 from biopolymer matrix were determined by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and with this purpose, an HPLC-UV method was developed. About 80% of each growth factor was released in the first 24 h, reaching almost 100% in 168 h. The system was tested during the tissue repair in rat molars in comparison with calcium hydroxide and both growth factors not encapsulated. The dentin sialoprotein (DSP) was used as a repair marker. It was detected by immunohistochemistry, after 14and 28-d post-treatment. X 2 test (p≤0.001) and Fisher exact test (p≤0.05) were applied for assessment of the amount of immunostaining. The treatment with encapsulated OP-1 showed an increased DSP immunostaining after 14 d and did not find any significant difference with the immunostaining observed for calcium hydroxide treatment. Treatment with TGF-β1 did not show significant difference with calcium hydroxide. Treatment with both factors OP-1 and TGF-β1 showed higher DSP immunostaining in comparison with calcium hydroxide treatment. In conclusion, the combination of both growth factors encapsulated showed more DSP immunostaining in comparison with each one separated, either encapsulated or not. Keywords TGF-β1. OP-1. Sodium alginate. Ionic gelling. Controlled release system. DSP Growth factors are secreted by cells and they have effects over several cell types, inducing a range of functions such as cell division, extracellular matrix components synthesis, and tissue differentiation (Massagué 1996; Lieberman et al. 2002). Osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), and the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) are two proteins belonging to TGF-β superfamily (