an innovation in the area of physicochemical sciences tracks the interactions of liquid mixtures ... more an innovation in the area of physicochemical sciences tracks the interactions of liquid mixtures via measurement of surface tension, γ and viscosity, η, interfacial tension and wetting kinetics of liquids on the solid surface. The device is a breakthrough invention from India soil with a global reliability, having facilitated more than 15 PhDs with the published data in most competitive American Chemical Society and Royal Society of Chemistry. Following are the cutting edge aspects of this invention, • 100% sample recovery with no contamination
Biosensing has been one of the hottest topic attracting scientific minds since long back. It is s... more Biosensing has been one of the hottest topic attracting scientific minds since long back. It is so as biological entities are very complex and are directly associated with the existence of a healthy environment. The design of biosensors also has witnessed significant changes in the recent past. Biosensors for applications as diverse as food quality estimation, environmental monitoring, and diagnosis of clinical and metabolic complications have come to the fore. Nanotechnology has bestowed some highly exciting ingredients for the improvement of sensing phenomenon. The use of diverse nanomaterials ranging from nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires has enabled faster detection and its reproducibility in a much better way. The unique properties of nanomaterials such as high electrical conductivity, better shock bearing ability, and the sensitive responses such as piezoelectric and versatile color based detection mechanisms are only the results of congregation of nanomaterial...
Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of Climate Change, 2020
Biotechnological solutions have revamped unpredictable agricultural vulnerabilities affecting the... more Biotechnological solutions have revamped unpredictable agricultural vulnerabilities affecting the crop yield via numerous intricately woven mechanisms. Increasing population pressure and unregulated climate changes have been the major causes of mounting pressure on natural conditions. The depleting forest cover alongside deteriorating soil texture is the pivotal factor responsible for diminishing crop productivity and yield, forcing the pressure-ridden farmer to employ non-scientific curative measures with an expectation of improving crop harvest. Similarly, continuous planting of the same crop on a particular land area with unregulated pesticide and insecticide usage has depleted the nutrient content that has culminated into large areas of barren land. Biotechnological remedies offer valuable solutions to these multitude of risks, through practices such as crop rotation and newer automated irrigated methods. The emergence of nanotechnology principles has further consolidated the controlling grip of such biotechnological remedies. Recent studies have enabled numerous remedial recourses in this regard, with probe regulated pesticide distribution ensuring the prevention of arbitrary fertilizer loading on the soil. Prior testing of a pesticide formulation can provide adequate knowledge of its distribution potential, paving way for its uniform distribution across the entire vegetation area. Such interventions have not only reduced the chemical burden on soil but also reduced the usage of synthetic chemicals as fertilizers. On a similar basis, the feeding of nanotechnology-based foods to cattle has improved the manure quality and texture whereby betterment in existing crop yields is being exercised through simplistic environment-friendly procedures. With such insights, the present article sheds light on nanotechnology-based solutions to improve the agricultural output and quality.
Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 2022
The present study reports KNO 3 recovery from seawater bittern by averting kainite, KMg(SO 4) Cl⋅... more The present study reports KNO 3 recovery from seawater bittern by averting kainite, KMg(SO 4) Cl⋅3H 2 O, schoenite, K 2 Mg(SO 4) 2 ⋅6H 2 O and carnallite, KCl⋅MgCl 2 ⋅6H 2 O mixed complex salts formation by adding NaNO 3. Reported KCl recovery via hazardous thermal decomposition of these salts has been modified to recover KNO 3 instead of KCl using green routes. The NaNO 3 widened salt solubilities have facilitated a faster evaporation with better crystal nucleation sequentially, giving end liquor for continued recovery as per solubility. Continued evaporation of hydrated ionic seawater bittern has recovered 96.26% KNO 3 , 97.19% NaCl, and 98.93% MgCl 2 .6H 2 O by disrupting hydration spheres. Solvay Process Effluent (SPE) CaCl 2 has desulfated the SO 2− 4 ions from respective mother liquor and NaNO 3 by reengineering the resultant ionic hydration spheres which had fastened evaporation. Desulfation separated CaSO 4 .2H 2 O leaving filtrate as mother liquor having KNO 3 , NaCl and MgCl 2 .6H 2 O. NaNO 3 addition to this mother liquor has catalyzed KNO 3 nucleation by engineering cohesive forces of Na +-Cl − and NO 3 −-K + hydration spheres on a sustained evaporation in evaporation compartment. Industrial sustainability of NaNO 3 route has been the recovery of CaSO 4 .2H 2 O, NaCl, MgCl 2 .6H 2 O, MgO, HCl and precipitated SiO 2 , a safer alternative of hazardous thermal decomposition.
For the last few decades, with the emergence of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanoparticles gai... more For the last few decades, with the emergence of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanoparticles gained enormous attention due to their high surface/volume ratio and other novel, unique, and remarkable properties. Traditionally, nanoparticles are fabricated by either chemical or physical approaches which not only utilize toxic chemicals but also are energy-intensive and consequently costly. The microbe-based synthesis of nanoparticles is biocompatible, economical, eco-friendly, and energy-intensive. Metallic and nonmetallic, metal oxide, and sulfide nanoparticles are synthesized by bacteria, virus, fungi, and algae. These nanoparticles act as an adsorbent for the remediation of water and wastewater pollutants clearly due to their physicochemical properties, nano size, controlled growth, and surface modification. The carbohydrates, proteins, and enzymes present in such microbes act as surfactant and capping agents which reduce the use of harmful chemical surfactants. Nanoparticles find ...
Today is the era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which find applications in the field of medic... more Today is the era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which find applications in the field of medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. Even though nanotechnology is in its emerging phase, it continues to provide solutions to numerous challenges. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are found to be very effective because of their unique chemical and physical properties and high surface area, but their high cost is one of the major hurdles to its wider application. So, the synthesis of nanomaterials, especially 2D nanomaterials from industrial, agricultural, and other biological activities, could provide a cost-effective technique. The nanomaterials synthesized from such waste not only minimize pollution, but also provide an eco-friendly approach towards the utilization of the waste. In the present review work, emphasis has been given to the types of nanomaterials, different methods for the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials from the waste generated from industries, agriculture, and...
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly progressive and poorly reversible airway... more Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly progressive and poorly reversible airway obstruction disease. It is caused either alone or in combination of emphysema, chronic bronchitis (CB), and small airways disease. COPD is thought to be a multi-factorial disorder in which genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and tobacco exposure could be doubly or simultaneously implicated. Available medicines against COPD include anti-inflammatory drugs, such as β2-agonists and anticholinergics, which efficiently reduce airflow limitation but are unable to avert disease progression and mortality. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptors i.e. receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are some molecules that have been implicated in the complication of COPD. Several RAGE single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) variants are produced by the mammalian cells. Based on the ethnicity some SNPs aggravate the COPD severity. Mammalian cells produce several alternative RAGE splice variants including a soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and an endogenous soluble RAGE (esRAGE). Both of these act as decoy receptor and thus may help to arrest the COPD complications. Several lines of evidences indicate a decreased level of sRAGE in the COPD subjects. One of the new strategies to reduce COPD complication may be sRAGE therapeutic administration to the COPD subjects. This comprehensive discussion sheds light on the role of RAGE and its polymorphic variants in the COPD complication along with sRAGE therapeutic significance in the COPD prevention.
Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry
Nanotechnology is one of the most reliable techniques for the remediation of heavy metals. As nan... more Nanotechnology is one of the most reliable techniques for the remediation of heavy metals. As nanoparticles have a higher surface area to volume, ratio, and high surface energies, so nano-based absorbents are very efficient. Adsorption technique is the most preferred for the remediation of wastewater pollutants. In the current study, a comparative study was done between bio sorbents, nanosorbents and bio nanosorbents. The chapter studies with the synthesis and characterization of the bio sorbents, bionanosorbents, their mechanism of sorption, their synthesis, in addition, application for the remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. The fly ash is an industrial byproduct. Biosorbents have immense applications in the field of bioremediation of heavy metals. Further, their components have also enhanced removal efficiency from the wastewater.
Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry
Nanotechnology is playing an important role in every field of science, medicine, electronics, cat... more Nanotechnology is playing an important role in every field of science, medicine, electronics, catalysis, and environmental cleanup. Due to the high demand of nanoparticles, it is synthesized at commercial level by chemical and physical methods, which are expensive and energy intensive. The recovery of natural nanoparticles from the waste materials makes the process cost-effective and simultaneously reduces pollution. Fly ash or coal fly ash (CFA), a by-product of thermal power plants in-houses numerous natural nanoparticles like ferrospheres, plerospheres, cenospheres, and carbon nanoparticles, which finds applications in ceramics, wastewater treatment, lightweight materials, fillers, and composite manufacturing. Every year a million tons of fly ash are produced around the globe. In the chapter, all these fly ash natural nanoparticles have been discussed in detail including their properties, applications, and possible future applications.
Introduction: In December 2019, the first COVID-19 case, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndr... more Introduction: In December 2019, the first COVID-19 case, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China. The SARS-CoV-2 rapidly disseminated throughout the world via community spread, acquiring pandemic status with significant fatality. Observations: Rapid SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was soon perceived critical for arresting community spread and effective therapy development. Human SARS-CoV-2 infection can be diagnosed either by nucleic acid identification or specific antibody detection. Contrary to nucleic acid identification confirmed active SARS-CoV-2 infection; antibody detection confirms a past infection, even in asymptomatic subjects. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies augment the ability to effectively counter the virus. A crucial hurdle limiting the steadfast implementation of antibody detection is the time required for threshold B lymphocyte population generation. This process is dependent on precise antigen recognition and MHC class I molecules presentation. Conclusions: Thus, nucleic acid and antibody dependent tests complement each other in identifying human SARS-CoV-2 infection and shaping up subsequent immunological responses. This article discusses the complimentary association of nucleic acid identification (corresponding to an active infection) and antibody testing (the yester CoV-2 infection vulnerability) as the diagnostic and screening measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection. HIGHLIGHTS Nucleic acid (RNA) identification and specific antibody detection against SARS-CoV-2 are the noted diagnostic mechanisms for screening human SARS-CoV-2 infection. While nucleic acid identification screens prevailing SARS-CoV-2 infection, detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies signifies a past infection, even in asymptomatic subjects. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 provide a potential therapeutic option via transfer from antibody rich plasma of a recovered subject to an infected individual. Nucleic acid identification may not absolutely confirm the infection because of frequent SARS-CoV-2 genome mutations and possible technical errors, while specific antibody detection also needs at least (8-14) days for detectable screening of B-cell generated antibodies. Nucleic acid and antibody tests are complementary to each other as an early stage diagnostic assay for SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible therapy (antibodies). Sufferers with a high clinical suspicion but negative RT-PCR screening could be examined via combined imaging and repeated swab test.
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian l... more Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian lungs are exposed to both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in lung cancer cells has evoked the necessity to evaluate the role of estrogens in the disease progression. Estrogens, specifically 17β-estradiol, promote maturation of several tissue types including lungs. Recent epidemiologic data indicate that women have a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma, a type of NSCLC, when compared to men, independent of smoking status. Besides ERs, pulmonary tissues both in healthy physiology and in NSCLCs also express G-protein-coupled ERs (GPERs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) and orphan nuclear receptors. Premenopausal females between the ages of 15 and 50 years synthesize a large contingent of estrogens and are at a greater risk of developing NSCLCs. Estrogen—ER/GPER/EGFR/ERR—mediated activation of various ce...
The emerging role of estrogen related receptor-alpha in the complications of non-small cell lung cancers, 2020
Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are recognized as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ... more Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are recognized as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a perilous (13-17%) 5-year survival in Europe and the uSA. Although tobacco smoking has consistently emerged as the leading cause of NSCLC complications, its consequences are distinctly manifest with respect to sex bias, due to differential gene and sex hormone expression. Estrogen related receptor α (ERRα), a member of the nuclear orphan receptor superfamily is normally expressed in the lungs, and activates various nuclear genes without binding to the ligands, such as estrogens. In NSCLC ERRα expression is significantly higher compared with healthy individuals. It is well established ERα and ERβ‚ have 93% and 60% identity in the DNA and ligand binding domains, respectively. ERα and ERRα have 69% (70% with ERRα-1) and 34% (35% with ERRα-1) identity, respectively; ERRα and ERRβ‚ have 92 and 61% identity, respectively. however, whether there is distinctive ERRα interaction with mammalian estrogens or concurrent involvement in non-ER signalling pathway activation is not known. Relevant to NSCLC, ERRα promotes proliferation, invasion and migration by silencing the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRB, and accelerates G 2-M transition during cell division. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of Slug (an EMT associated transcription factor) are the prominent mechanisms by which ERRα activates NSCLC metastasis. Based on these observations, the present article focuses on the feasibility of antiERRα therapy alone and in combination with antiER as a therapeutic strategy for NSCLC complications. Contents 1. Introduction 2. ERRs and their physiological functions 3. ERRs in NSCLCs 4. Role of ERR-α in cell cycle regulation and NSCLC proliferation 5. Role of ERR-α in the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells 6. Conclusions and future perspective university of utah;
Recent Advances in Curcumin Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: An Impetus of Pleiotropic Traits and Nanocarrier Aided Delivery , 2020
Recognized as the mainstay of cancer casualties worldwide, non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) ... more Recognized as the mainstay of cancer casualties worldwide, non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) claims the lives of more than half of its sufferers within the first year of diagnosis alongside a below par (18%) five year survival probability. Improvement in the biomedical engineering and molecular characterization sensitivities, have improved the diagnosis of NSCLCs through timid identification of characteristically altered gene expression and the corresponding cellular responses. While targeted chemotherapy is definitely emerging as a remedy to arrest incurable NSCLCs growth and complications, the late diagnosis accompanied with heterogeneity and concurrent multi-drug resistance are still crucial bottlenecks impairing treatment accuracy and consequently leading to disease relapse. Addressing this daunting challenge treatment with curcumin (major polyphenolic constituent of turmeric, a spice) provides a benign remedy through its native multiple bio-activities at the same instant enhancing the cellular internalization of chemotherapeutic alternatives. Experiments on NSCLC cell lines and related xenograft models have revealed consistent reductions or regression in tumorigenic progression via enhanced cellular internalization of delivered drugs on curcumin inclusion, projecting its future suitability towards clinical subjects. However, a seasoned poor bioavailability of curcumin in the in vivo model necessitates its delivery through modified carriers (such as nanoemulsions, encapsulation within solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanoliposomes and several others). With such insights, we intend to revisit the NSCLC pathology and how treatment of NSCLC cell lines and animal models with curcumin alone, or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or using nanocarriers, can possibly resolve or at least improve the lacuna of present day NSCLC treatment modalities.
an innovation in the area of physicochemical sciences tracks the interactions of liquid mixtures ... more an innovation in the area of physicochemical sciences tracks the interactions of liquid mixtures via measurement of surface tension, γ and viscosity, η, interfacial tension and wetting kinetics of liquids on the solid surface. The device is a breakthrough invention from India soil with a global reliability, having facilitated more than 15 PhDs with the published data in most competitive American Chemical Society and Royal Society of Chemistry. Following are the cutting edge aspects of this invention, • 100% sample recovery with no contamination
Biosensing has been one of the hottest topic attracting scientific minds since long back. It is s... more Biosensing has been one of the hottest topic attracting scientific minds since long back. It is so as biological entities are very complex and are directly associated with the existence of a healthy environment. The design of biosensors also has witnessed significant changes in the recent past. Biosensors for applications as diverse as food quality estimation, environmental monitoring, and diagnosis of clinical and metabolic complications have come to the fore. Nanotechnology has bestowed some highly exciting ingredients for the improvement of sensing phenomenon. The use of diverse nanomaterials ranging from nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires has enabled faster detection and its reproducibility in a much better way. The unique properties of nanomaterials such as high electrical conductivity, better shock bearing ability, and the sensitive responses such as piezoelectric and versatile color based detection mechanisms are only the results of congregation of nanomaterial...
Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of Climate Change, 2020
Biotechnological solutions have revamped unpredictable agricultural vulnerabilities affecting the... more Biotechnological solutions have revamped unpredictable agricultural vulnerabilities affecting the crop yield via numerous intricately woven mechanisms. Increasing population pressure and unregulated climate changes have been the major causes of mounting pressure on natural conditions. The depleting forest cover alongside deteriorating soil texture is the pivotal factor responsible for diminishing crop productivity and yield, forcing the pressure-ridden farmer to employ non-scientific curative measures with an expectation of improving crop harvest. Similarly, continuous planting of the same crop on a particular land area with unregulated pesticide and insecticide usage has depleted the nutrient content that has culminated into large areas of barren land. Biotechnological remedies offer valuable solutions to these multitude of risks, through practices such as crop rotation and newer automated irrigated methods. The emergence of nanotechnology principles has further consolidated the controlling grip of such biotechnological remedies. Recent studies have enabled numerous remedial recourses in this regard, with probe regulated pesticide distribution ensuring the prevention of arbitrary fertilizer loading on the soil. Prior testing of a pesticide formulation can provide adequate knowledge of its distribution potential, paving way for its uniform distribution across the entire vegetation area. Such interventions have not only reduced the chemical burden on soil but also reduced the usage of synthetic chemicals as fertilizers. On a similar basis, the feeding of nanotechnology-based foods to cattle has improved the manure quality and texture whereby betterment in existing crop yields is being exercised through simplistic environment-friendly procedures. With such insights, the present article sheds light on nanotechnology-based solutions to improve the agricultural output and quality.
Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 2022
The present study reports KNO 3 recovery from seawater bittern by averting kainite, KMg(SO 4) Cl⋅... more The present study reports KNO 3 recovery from seawater bittern by averting kainite, KMg(SO 4) Cl⋅3H 2 O, schoenite, K 2 Mg(SO 4) 2 ⋅6H 2 O and carnallite, KCl⋅MgCl 2 ⋅6H 2 O mixed complex salts formation by adding NaNO 3. Reported KCl recovery via hazardous thermal decomposition of these salts has been modified to recover KNO 3 instead of KCl using green routes. The NaNO 3 widened salt solubilities have facilitated a faster evaporation with better crystal nucleation sequentially, giving end liquor for continued recovery as per solubility. Continued evaporation of hydrated ionic seawater bittern has recovered 96.26% KNO 3 , 97.19% NaCl, and 98.93% MgCl 2 .6H 2 O by disrupting hydration spheres. Solvay Process Effluent (SPE) CaCl 2 has desulfated the SO 2− 4 ions from respective mother liquor and NaNO 3 by reengineering the resultant ionic hydration spheres which had fastened evaporation. Desulfation separated CaSO 4 .2H 2 O leaving filtrate as mother liquor having KNO 3 , NaCl and MgCl 2 .6H 2 O. NaNO 3 addition to this mother liquor has catalyzed KNO 3 nucleation by engineering cohesive forces of Na +-Cl − and NO 3 −-K + hydration spheres on a sustained evaporation in evaporation compartment. Industrial sustainability of NaNO 3 route has been the recovery of CaSO 4 .2H 2 O, NaCl, MgCl 2 .6H 2 O, MgO, HCl and precipitated SiO 2 , a safer alternative of hazardous thermal decomposition.
For the last few decades, with the emergence of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanoparticles gai... more For the last few decades, with the emergence of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanoparticles gained enormous attention due to their high surface/volume ratio and other novel, unique, and remarkable properties. Traditionally, nanoparticles are fabricated by either chemical or physical approaches which not only utilize toxic chemicals but also are energy-intensive and consequently costly. The microbe-based synthesis of nanoparticles is biocompatible, economical, eco-friendly, and energy-intensive. Metallic and nonmetallic, metal oxide, and sulfide nanoparticles are synthesized by bacteria, virus, fungi, and algae. These nanoparticles act as an adsorbent for the remediation of water and wastewater pollutants clearly due to their physicochemical properties, nano size, controlled growth, and surface modification. The carbohydrates, proteins, and enzymes present in such microbes act as surfactant and capping agents which reduce the use of harmful chemical surfactants. Nanoparticles find ...
Today is the era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which find applications in the field of medic... more Today is the era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which find applications in the field of medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. Even though nanotechnology is in its emerging phase, it continues to provide solutions to numerous challenges. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are found to be very effective because of their unique chemical and physical properties and high surface area, but their high cost is one of the major hurdles to its wider application. So, the synthesis of nanomaterials, especially 2D nanomaterials from industrial, agricultural, and other biological activities, could provide a cost-effective technique. The nanomaterials synthesized from such waste not only minimize pollution, but also provide an eco-friendly approach towards the utilization of the waste. In the present review work, emphasis has been given to the types of nanomaterials, different methods for the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials from the waste generated from industries, agriculture, and...
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly progressive and poorly reversible airway... more Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly progressive and poorly reversible airway obstruction disease. It is caused either alone or in combination of emphysema, chronic bronchitis (CB), and small airways disease. COPD is thought to be a multi-factorial disorder in which genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and tobacco exposure could be doubly or simultaneously implicated. Available medicines against COPD include anti-inflammatory drugs, such as β2-agonists and anticholinergics, which efficiently reduce airflow limitation but are unable to avert disease progression and mortality. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptors i.e. receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are some molecules that have been implicated in the complication of COPD. Several RAGE single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) variants are produced by the mammalian cells. Based on the ethnicity some SNPs aggravate the COPD severity. Mammalian cells produce several alternative RAGE splice variants including a soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and an endogenous soluble RAGE (esRAGE). Both of these act as decoy receptor and thus may help to arrest the COPD complications. Several lines of evidences indicate a decreased level of sRAGE in the COPD subjects. One of the new strategies to reduce COPD complication may be sRAGE therapeutic administration to the COPD subjects. This comprehensive discussion sheds light on the role of RAGE and its polymorphic variants in the COPD complication along with sRAGE therapeutic significance in the COPD prevention.
Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry
Nanotechnology is one of the most reliable techniques for the remediation of heavy metals. As nan... more Nanotechnology is one of the most reliable techniques for the remediation of heavy metals. As nanoparticles have a higher surface area to volume, ratio, and high surface energies, so nano-based absorbents are very efficient. Adsorption technique is the most preferred for the remediation of wastewater pollutants. In the current study, a comparative study was done between bio sorbents, nanosorbents and bio nanosorbents. The chapter studies with the synthesis and characterization of the bio sorbents, bionanosorbents, their mechanism of sorption, their synthesis, in addition, application for the remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. The fly ash is an industrial byproduct. Biosorbents have immense applications in the field of bioremediation of heavy metals. Further, their components have also enhanced removal efficiency from the wastewater.
Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry
Nanotechnology is playing an important role in every field of science, medicine, electronics, cat... more Nanotechnology is playing an important role in every field of science, medicine, electronics, catalysis, and environmental cleanup. Due to the high demand of nanoparticles, it is synthesized at commercial level by chemical and physical methods, which are expensive and energy intensive. The recovery of natural nanoparticles from the waste materials makes the process cost-effective and simultaneously reduces pollution. Fly ash or coal fly ash (CFA), a by-product of thermal power plants in-houses numerous natural nanoparticles like ferrospheres, plerospheres, cenospheres, and carbon nanoparticles, which finds applications in ceramics, wastewater treatment, lightweight materials, fillers, and composite manufacturing. Every year a million tons of fly ash are produced around the globe. In the chapter, all these fly ash natural nanoparticles have been discussed in detail including their properties, applications, and possible future applications.
Introduction: In December 2019, the first COVID-19 case, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndr... more Introduction: In December 2019, the first COVID-19 case, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China. The SARS-CoV-2 rapidly disseminated throughout the world via community spread, acquiring pandemic status with significant fatality. Observations: Rapid SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was soon perceived critical for arresting community spread and effective therapy development. Human SARS-CoV-2 infection can be diagnosed either by nucleic acid identification or specific antibody detection. Contrary to nucleic acid identification confirmed active SARS-CoV-2 infection; antibody detection confirms a past infection, even in asymptomatic subjects. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies augment the ability to effectively counter the virus. A crucial hurdle limiting the steadfast implementation of antibody detection is the time required for threshold B lymphocyte population generation. This process is dependent on precise antigen recognition and MHC class I molecules presentation. Conclusions: Thus, nucleic acid and antibody dependent tests complement each other in identifying human SARS-CoV-2 infection and shaping up subsequent immunological responses. This article discusses the complimentary association of nucleic acid identification (corresponding to an active infection) and antibody testing (the yester CoV-2 infection vulnerability) as the diagnostic and screening measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection. HIGHLIGHTS Nucleic acid (RNA) identification and specific antibody detection against SARS-CoV-2 are the noted diagnostic mechanisms for screening human SARS-CoV-2 infection. While nucleic acid identification screens prevailing SARS-CoV-2 infection, detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies signifies a past infection, even in asymptomatic subjects. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 provide a potential therapeutic option via transfer from antibody rich plasma of a recovered subject to an infected individual. Nucleic acid identification may not absolutely confirm the infection because of frequent SARS-CoV-2 genome mutations and possible technical errors, while specific antibody detection also needs at least (8-14) days for detectable screening of B-cell generated antibodies. Nucleic acid and antibody tests are complementary to each other as an early stage diagnostic assay for SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible therapy (antibodies). Sufferers with a high clinical suspicion but negative RT-PCR screening could be examined via combined imaging and repeated swab test.
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian l... more Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian lungs are exposed to both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in lung cancer cells has evoked the necessity to evaluate the role of estrogens in the disease progression. Estrogens, specifically 17β-estradiol, promote maturation of several tissue types including lungs. Recent epidemiologic data indicate that women have a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma, a type of NSCLC, when compared to men, independent of smoking status. Besides ERs, pulmonary tissues both in healthy physiology and in NSCLCs also express G-protein-coupled ERs (GPERs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) and orphan nuclear receptors. Premenopausal females between the ages of 15 and 50 years synthesize a large contingent of estrogens and are at a greater risk of developing NSCLCs. Estrogen—ER/GPER/EGFR/ERR—mediated activation of various ce...
The emerging role of estrogen related receptor-alpha in the complications of non-small cell lung cancers, 2020
Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are recognized as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ... more Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are recognized as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a perilous (13-17%) 5-year survival in Europe and the uSA. Although tobacco smoking has consistently emerged as the leading cause of NSCLC complications, its consequences are distinctly manifest with respect to sex bias, due to differential gene and sex hormone expression. Estrogen related receptor α (ERRα), a member of the nuclear orphan receptor superfamily is normally expressed in the lungs, and activates various nuclear genes without binding to the ligands, such as estrogens. In NSCLC ERRα expression is significantly higher compared with healthy individuals. It is well established ERα and ERβ‚ have 93% and 60% identity in the DNA and ligand binding domains, respectively. ERα and ERRα have 69% (70% with ERRα-1) and 34% (35% with ERRα-1) identity, respectively; ERRα and ERRβ‚ have 92 and 61% identity, respectively. however, whether there is distinctive ERRα interaction with mammalian estrogens or concurrent involvement in non-ER signalling pathway activation is not known. Relevant to NSCLC, ERRα promotes proliferation, invasion and migration by silencing the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRB, and accelerates G 2-M transition during cell division. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of Slug (an EMT associated transcription factor) are the prominent mechanisms by which ERRα activates NSCLC metastasis. Based on these observations, the present article focuses on the feasibility of antiERRα therapy alone and in combination with antiER as a therapeutic strategy for NSCLC complications. Contents 1. Introduction 2. ERRs and their physiological functions 3. ERRs in NSCLCs 4. Role of ERR-α in cell cycle regulation and NSCLC proliferation 5. Role of ERR-α in the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells 6. Conclusions and future perspective university of utah;
Recent Advances in Curcumin Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: An Impetus of Pleiotropic Traits and Nanocarrier Aided Delivery , 2020
Recognized as the mainstay of cancer casualties worldwide, non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) ... more Recognized as the mainstay of cancer casualties worldwide, non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) claims the lives of more than half of its sufferers within the first year of diagnosis alongside a below par (18%) five year survival probability. Improvement in the biomedical engineering and molecular characterization sensitivities, have improved the diagnosis of NSCLCs through timid identification of characteristically altered gene expression and the corresponding cellular responses. While targeted chemotherapy is definitely emerging as a remedy to arrest incurable NSCLCs growth and complications, the late diagnosis accompanied with heterogeneity and concurrent multi-drug resistance are still crucial bottlenecks impairing treatment accuracy and consequently leading to disease relapse. Addressing this daunting challenge treatment with curcumin (major polyphenolic constituent of turmeric, a spice) provides a benign remedy through its native multiple bio-activities at the same instant enhancing the cellular internalization of chemotherapeutic alternatives. Experiments on NSCLC cell lines and related xenograft models have revealed consistent reductions or regression in tumorigenic progression via enhanced cellular internalization of delivered drugs on curcumin inclusion, projecting its future suitability towards clinical subjects. However, a seasoned poor bioavailability of curcumin in the in vivo model necessitates its delivery through modified carriers (such as nanoemulsions, encapsulation within solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanoliposomes and several others). With such insights, we intend to revisit the NSCLC pathology and how treatment of NSCLC cell lines and animal models with curcumin alone, or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or using nanocarriers, can possibly resolve or at least improve the lacuna of present day NSCLC treatment modalities.
The excerpts from the book,"Friccohesity of Industrial Nanoformulations" presents the latest comp... more The excerpts from the book,"Friccohesity of Industrial Nanoformulations" presents the latest comprehensive database on Friccohesity.The modulation of adhesive and cohesive forces governs the working of all interacting states. Major advances in the subject area include working of adhesives, dispersion of bioactives in emulsions, interacting states of functionalized supramolecules and stability estimation of self-assemblies. I am not an author of this book and sharing this draft due to similarity of research domain.
• Shows how the science and technology of the survismeter and friccohesity have become an inevita... more • Shows how the science and technology of the survismeter and friccohesity have become an inevitable part of scientific research • Elucidates the concepts of the change in physicochemical properties (PCPs) that take place due to structural changes resulting from interactions with solvents and other experimental conditions • Presents substantial applications of PCPs to elucidate the mechanisms of interacting molecules, molecular ions, and ions • Highlights electronic profiles and their effects on interactions along with ionic sizes and their effect on hydration spheres or ionic solvation, entropy, and viscosity as distribution processes of the molecules • Explains wettability and interfacial tension of immiscible liquids and their mutual mixing with cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants along with dendrimers in an extraordinary manner • Explains the mechanisms of micelles and reverse micelle formations, trapping of air, percolation of cations and anions • Uses mathematical relations and coordination to define the molecular language scripted out of electronic configuration and their signatures • Offers wider solutions and formulations, which are designed with several molecules, salts, ions, nanoparticles, and capped nanoparticles for new models
Applications of Biosensors for mammalian cell culturing, 2023
Over the past three decades, sensors have swiftly emerged as the fundamental requirement for asce... more Over the past three decades, sensors have swiftly emerged as the fundamental requirement for ascertaining the progress of molecular events. Biosensors prevail as a formidable member under this umbrella, wherein biological entities or engineered biomaterials are used as a probe to primarily screen biological interactions. The potential of biomaterials as molecular sensing moieties draws inspiration from their renewable nature, along with the possibility of being functionalized in diverse regimes. The distinguishing aspect of biomaterials as sensing probes prevails in terms of their specificity through which their involvement in the screened interactions is minimized. A blossoming aspect in this regard pertains to the development of robust shape and size-dependent nanomaterials (NMs) whose integration with biomaterials imparts a further precision enhancement to the screening of molecular events. The architecture of non-covalent self-assembly with van der Waal forces as stabilizing factors manifests as the key prospect of biological sensing. The development of nanobiomaterials has therefore catalyzed a robust screening of biological interactions as the NMs with enhanced surface area exhibit tremendous functionalization potential. This chapter is, therefore, focused on the utility of mammalian cells or the products thereof as biosensing probes with the most emergent applications of disease diagnosis and handheld devices.
Uploads
Papers by Parth Malik
(NMs) whose integration with biomaterials imparts a further precision
enhancement to the screening of molecular events. The architecture of non-covalent self-assembly with van der Waal forces as stabilizing factors manifests as the key prospect of biological sensing. The development of nanobiomaterials has therefore catalyzed a robust screening of biological interactions as the NMs with enhanced surface area exhibit tremendous functionalization potential. This chapter is, therefore, focused on the utility of mammalian cells or the products thereof as biosensing probes with the most emergent applications of disease diagnosis and handheld devices.