The aim of this study was to demonstrate how personality test data can be plotted with a multivar... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate how personality test data can be plotted with a multivariate method known as Partial Least Squares of Latent Structures (PLS). The basic methodology behind PLS modeling is presented and the example demonstrates how a PLS model of personality test data can be used for diagnostic prediction. Principles for validating the models are also presented. The conclusion is that PLS modeling appears to be a powerful method for extracting clinically relevant information from complex personality test data matrixes. It could be used as a complement to more hard modeling methods in the process of examining a new area of interest.
The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 2017
Serial sexual murderers have been described as committing homicides in a methodical manner, takin... more Serial sexual murderers have been described as committing homicides in a methodical manner, taking substantial time between offenses to elude the authorities. The results of our study of the temporal patterns (i.e., the length of time between homicides) of a nonrandom national sample of 44 serial sexual murderers and their 201 victims indicate that this representation may not always be accurate. Although 25 offenders (56.8%) killed with longer than a 14-day period between homicides, a sizeable subgroup was identified: 19 offenders (43.2%) who committed homicides in rapid-sequence fashion, with fewer than 14 days between all or some of the murders. Six offenders (13.6%) killed all their victims in one rapid-sequence, spree-like episode, with homicides just days apart or sometimes two murders in the same day. Thirteen offenders (29.5%) killed in one or two rapid-sequence clusters (i.e., more than one murder within a 14-day period, as well as additional homicides with greater than 14 d...
Among omnibus personality instruments, the Rorschach is the one measure that covers the life span... more Among omnibus personality instruments, the Rorschach is the one measure that covers the life span most extensively. By the time children have reached early school age, clinicians can feel comfortable using standard Rorschach variables to help create personality descriptions and plan interventions. From that point on, as Leichtman (1996) put it, “Examiners can now give the test in its most complex forms and expect that children will respond in ways comparable to those of older subjects” (p. 62). Being able to use the same test across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood brings some distinct advantages. The Rorschach’s variables become like old friends as we follow them over the developmental years and beyond. Shifts in the balance of color to form (FC:CF C) track the youngster’s increasing ability to modulate behavior when emotion plays a part. The steady decrease in the Egocentricity Index (3r 2/R) documents the progressive decentering that Piaget (1952, 1959) identified as an impo...
Objective:
There are many studies examining cognitive deficits in patients with multiple scleros... more Objective: There are many studies examining cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), while significantly less attention has been given to emotional and personality changes. A chronic neurological disorder brings many life stresses and affects the patient’s ability to cope with them. This study explored the personality characteristics in a sample of MS patients.
Methods: 51 MS patients (13 male and 38 female, mean age: 42.6 years, mean EDSS: 3.2). All participants were administered the Rorschach Test coded by the Comprehensive System.
Results: Our findings show that the patients in our sample perceive themselves as being less competent than others, at some cost to their self-esteem. A large percentage relies on an avoidant style of coping with problems.
Conclusion: These findings imply that MS patients might have special needs in terms of communication with healthcare providers, decision making and adherence to their treatment plans because of their simplifying style of information processing. We argue that it is important to consider personality as well as cognitive changes in neurological disorders such as MS.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00223891 2014 961603, Oct 8, 2014
This article describes 3 studies evaluating normative reference data for the Rorschach Comprehens... more This article describes 3 studies evaluating normative reference data for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2003, 2007), with a particular focus on the viability of the Composite International Reference Values (CIRVs) that were compiled from 21 adult studies by Meyer, Erdberg, and Shaffer (2007). Study 1 documented how the CIRV norms are virtually identical when organized into 3 groups differentiated by the quality of their data collection effort, including an optimal group of 4 samples that relied on multiple experienced examiners and provided ongoing quality control over administration and coding. Analyses also showed that relative to the group of more optimal samples, the group of less optimal samples did not produce more variability in summary scores within or across samples or lower interrater reliability for coding. Study 2 used the existing CS reference norms to generate T scores for the CIRV means and documented how the CS norms make other samples of healthy nonpatients look psychologically impaired in multiple domains. Study 3 documented with examples from 4 different countries how 2 sets of within-country local norms produced notably different results on some variables, which compromises the ability of local norms to be used instead of the CIRVs. Taken together, the 3 studies provide support for the use of CIRVs in clinical practice as norms that are generalizable across samples, settings, languages, and cultures and that account for the natural variability that is present when clinicians and researchers contend with the ambiguity contained in the standard CS reference materials concerning the proper ways to administer and code. We conclude by urging CS users to rely on the CIRVs when making clinical inferences and to adopt alternative methods of ensuring they are following cohesively standardized administration and coding guidelines.
... various populations and clinical syndromes. This paper provides a survey of thesetrends over ... more ... various populations and clinical syndromes. This paper provides a survey of thesetrends over the past 5 years, surely among the most productive in American Rorschach history. Integrating Theoretical and Structural Approaches. ...
This article describes 3 studies evaluating normative reference data for the Rorschach Comprehens... more This article describes 3 studies evaluating normative reference data for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2003, 2007), with a particular focus on the viability of the Composite International Reference Values (CIRVs) that were compiled from 21 adult studies by Meyer, Erdberg, and Shaffer (2007). Study 1 documented how the CIRV norms are virtually identical when organized into 3 groups differentiated by the quality of their data collection effort, including an optimal group of 4 samples that relied on multiple experienced examiners and provided ongoing quality control over administration and coding. Analyses also showed that relative to the group of more optimal samples, the group of less optimal samples did not produce more variability in summary scores within or across samples or lower interrater reliability for coding. Study 2 used the existing CS reference norms to generate T scores for the CIRV means and documented how the CS norms make other samples of healthy nonp...
International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 2012
Differences in offense history, brain functioning, and psychological functioning of rape (n = 45)... more Differences in offense history, brain functioning, and psychological functioning of rape (n = 45) and molest offenders (n = 15) who were receiving psychiatric treatment while in prison were evaluated. Significant differences were found in each of these domains. Rape offenders were more likely to have histories of high violence offenses other than sexual offense, including murder, serious juvenile offenses, and both juvenile and adult sexual offenses. Rape offenders were more likely to show lower intellectual functioning and diffuse brain dysfunction associated predominantly with temporal and prefrontal brain cortices. Rape offenders were also more likely to display psychological functioning associated with illogical thinking and disordered attachment but less immature self-focus and fewer feelings of alienation than demonstrated by molest offenders. Implications for treatment and social policy for sexual offenders are suggested. Logistic regression demonstrated that these neuropsych...
Henningsson, M., Sundbom, E., Armelius, B. & Erdberg, P. (2001). PLS model building: A multivaria... more Henningsson, M., Sundbom, E., Armelius, B. & Erdberg, P. (2001). PLS model building: A multivariate approach to personality test data. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42, 399±409.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate how personality test data can be plotted with a multivar... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate how personality test data can be plotted with a multivariate method known as Partial Least Squares of Latent Structures (PLS). The basic methodology behind PLS modeling is presented and the example demonstrates how a PLS model of personality test data can be used for diagnostic prediction. Principles for validating the models are also presented. The conclusion is that PLS modeling appears to be a powerful method for extracting clinically relevant information from complex personality test data matrixes. It could be used as a complement to more hard modeling methods in the process of examining a new area of interest.
The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 2017
Serial sexual murderers have been described as committing homicides in a methodical manner, takin... more Serial sexual murderers have been described as committing homicides in a methodical manner, taking substantial time between offenses to elude the authorities. The results of our study of the temporal patterns (i.e., the length of time between homicides) of a nonrandom national sample of 44 serial sexual murderers and their 201 victims indicate that this representation may not always be accurate. Although 25 offenders (56.8%) killed with longer than a 14-day period between homicides, a sizeable subgroup was identified: 19 offenders (43.2%) who committed homicides in rapid-sequence fashion, with fewer than 14 days between all or some of the murders. Six offenders (13.6%) killed all their victims in one rapid-sequence, spree-like episode, with homicides just days apart or sometimes two murders in the same day. Thirteen offenders (29.5%) killed in one or two rapid-sequence clusters (i.e., more than one murder within a 14-day period, as well as additional homicides with greater than 14 d...
Among omnibus personality instruments, the Rorschach is the one measure that covers the life span... more Among omnibus personality instruments, the Rorschach is the one measure that covers the life span most extensively. By the time children have reached early school age, clinicians can feel comfortable using standard Rorschach variables to help create personality descriptions and plan interventions. From that point on, as Leichtman (1996) put it, “Examiners can now give the test in its most complex forms and expect that children will respond in ways comparable to those of older subjects” (p. 62). Being able to use the same test across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood brings some distinct advantages. The Rorschach’s variables become like old friends as we follow them over the developmental years and beyond. Shifts in the balance of color to form (FC:CF C) track the youngster’s increasing ability to modulate behavior when emotion plays a part. The steady decrease in the Egocentricity Index (3r 2/R) documents the progressive decentering that Piaget (1952, 1959) identified as an impo...
Objective:
There are many studies examining cognitive deficits in patients with multiple scleros... more Objective: There are many studies examining cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), while significantly less attention has been given to emotional and personality changes. A chronic neurological disorder brings many life stresses and affects the patient’s ability to cope with them. This study explored the personality characteristics in a sample of MS patients.
Methods: 51 MS patients (13 male and 38 female, mean age: 42.6 years, mean EDSS: 3.2). All participants were administered the Rorschach Test coded by the Comprehensive System.
Results: Our findings show that the patients in our sample perceive themselves as being less competent than others, at some cost to their self-esteem. A large percentage relies on an avoidant style of coping with problems.
Conclusion: These findings imply that MS patients might have special needs in terms of communication with healthcare providers, decision making and adherence to their treatment plans because of their simplifying style of information processing. We argue that it is important to consider personality as well as cognitive changes in neurological disorders such as MS.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00223891 2014 961603, Oct 8, 2014
This article describes 3 studies evaluating normative reference data for the Rorschach Comprehens... more This article describes 3 studies evaluating normative reference data for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2003, 2007), with a particular focus on the viability of the Composite International Reference Values (CIRVs) that were compiled from 21 adult studies by Meyer, Erdberg, and Shaffer (2007). Study 1 documented how the CIRV norms are virtually identical when organized into 3 groups differentiated by the quality of their data collection effort, including an optimal group of 4 samples that relied on multiple experienced examiners and provided ongoing quality control over administration and coding. Analyses also showed that relative to the group of more optimal samples, the group of less optimal samples did not produce more variability in summary scores within or across samples or lower interrater reliability for coding. Study 2 used the existing CS reference norms to generate T scores for the CIRV means and documented how the CS norms make other samples of healthy nonpatients look psychologically impaired in multiple domains. Study 3 documented with examples from 4 different countries how 2 sets of within-country local norms produced notably different results on some variables, which compromises the ability of local norms to be used instead of the CIRVs. Taken together, the 3 studies provide support for the use of CIRVs in clinical practice as norms that are generalizable across samples, settings, languages, and cultures and that account for the natural variability that is present when clinicians and researchers contend with the ambiguity contained in the standard CS reference materials concerning the proper ways to administer and code. We conclude by urging CS users to rely on the CIRVs when making clinical inferences and to adopt alternative methods of ensuring they are following cohesively standardized administration and coding guidelines.
... various populations and clinical syndromes. This paper provides a survey of thesetrends over ... more ... various populations and clinical syndromes. This paper provides a survey of thesetrends over the past 5 years, surely among the most productive in American Rorschach history. Integrating Theoretical and Structural Approaches. ...
This article describes 3 studies evaluating normative reference data for the Rorschach Comprehens... more This article describes 3 studies evaluating normative reference data for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2003, 2007), with a particular focus on the viability of the Composite International Reference Values (CIRVs) that were compiled from 21 adult studies by Meyer, Erdberg, and Shaffer (2007). Study 1 documented how the CIRV norms are virtually identical when organized into 3 groups differentiated by the quality of their data collection effort, including an optimal group of 4 samples that relied on multiple experienced examiners and provided ongoing quality control over administration and coding. Analyses also showed that relative to the group of more optimal samples, the group of less optimal samples did not produce more variability in summary scores within or across samples or lower interrater reliability for coding. Study 2 used the existing CS reference norms to generate T scores for the CIRV means and documented how the CS norms make other samples of healthy nonp...
International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 2012
Differences in offense history, brain functioning, and psychological functioning of rape (n = 45)... more Differences in offense history, brain functioning, and psychological functioning of rape (n = 45) and molest offenders (n = 15) who were receiving psychiatric treatment while in prison were evaluated. Significant differences were found in each of these domains. Rape offenders were more likely to have histories of high violence offenses other than sexual offense, including murder, serious juvenile offenses, and both juvenile and adult sexual offenses. Rape offenders were more likely to show lower intellectual functioning and diffuse brain dysfunction associated predominantly with temporal and prefrontal brain cortices. Rape offenders were also more likely to display psychological functioning associated with illogical thinking and disordered attachment but less immature self-focus and fewer feelings of alienation than demonstrated by molest offenders. Implications for treatment and social policy for sexual offenders are suggested. Logistic regression demonstrated that these neuropsych...
Henningsson, M., Sundbom, E., Armelius, B. & Erdberg, P. (2001). PLS model building: A multivaria... more Henningsson, M., Sundbom, E., Armelius, B. & Erdberg, P. (2001). PLS model building: A multivariate approach to personality test data. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42, 399±409.
Uploads
Papers by Philip Erdberg
There are many studies examining cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), while significantly less attention has been given to emotional and personality changes. A chronic neurological disorder brings many life stresses and affects the patient’s ability to cope with them. This study explored the personality characteristics in a sample of MS patients.
Methods:
51 MS patients (13 male and 38 female, mean age: 42.6 years, mean EDSS: 3.2). All participants were administered the Rorschach Test coded by the Comprehensive System.
Results:
Our findings show that the patients in our sample perceive themselves as being less competent than others, at some cost to their self-esteem. A large percentage relies on an avoidant style of coping with problems.
Conclusion:
These findings imply that MS patients might have special needs in terms of communication with healthcare providers, decision making and adherence to their treatment plans because of their simplifying style of information processing. We argue that it is important to consider personality as well as cognitive changes in neurological disorders such as MS.
There are many studies examining cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), while significantly less attention has been given to emotional and personality changes. A chronic neurological disorder brings many life stresses and affects the patient’s ability to cope with them. This study explored the personality characteristics in a sample of MS patients.
Methods:
51 MS patients (13 male and 38 female, mean age: 42.6 years, mean EDSS: 3.2). All participants were administered the Rorschach Test coded by the Comprehensive System.
Results:
Our findings show that the patients in our sample perceive themselves as being less competent than others, at some cost to their self-esteem. A large percentage relies on an avoidant style of coping with problems.
Conclusion:
These findings imply that MS patients might have special needs in terms of communication with healthcare providers, decision making and adherence to their treatment plans because of their simplifying style of information processing. We argue that it is important to consider personality as well as cognitive changes in neurological disorders such as MS.