Escuela de ciencias de la Salud

Resumen Introducción: La OMS ha señalado la obesidad y so-brepeso como pandemia, siendo los niños el grupo donde se recomienda intervenir, al poder incluir programas de actividad física (AF) y desarrollo psicomotor (DP) en los establecimientos educacionales. En Chile existen altos ín-dices de sobrepeso, obesidad y sedentarismo, asociado a la inexistencia de programas preescolares sobre realiza-ción de AF. Objetivo: Relacionar el estado nutricional, el desarro-llo psicomotor y la cantidad e intensidad de AF en la jor-nada escolar en preescolares de 5 años. Métodos: Estudio piloto, no experimental, transversal y correlacional, 23 preescolares de 5 años. Se midieron tres aspectos; Estado nutricional con puntaje z-IMC, AF con Actigrafía y DP con la Batería Da Fonseca. Resultados: Un 26% de los niños presentó sobrepeso y un 52% obesidad. Todos realizaron al menos 60 minutos de Actividad Física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) duran-te la jornada escolar. El 82,6% de los niños se encontró en la categoría Normal en DP y el resto en la categoría de Dispraxia. Se encontró una relación inversa significativa (p=0,032) entre z-IMC y DP. Conclusión: El porcentaje de niños obesos, supera am-pliamente cifras internacionales y encuestas nacionales. En la evaluación psicomotriz, 17,4% de los niños son dis-práxicos. Los niños con mayor z-IMC tienen menor pun-taje en la batería Da Fonseca, lo que puede ser atribuido a un mayor peso en relación a la estatura, generando a largo plazo un menor DP. No se observaron relaciones entre las demás variables. Abstract Background: Obesity and overweight have been included as a pandemic by the WHO; children are the group where intervention is recommended, given that they can enter physical activity (PA) and psychomotor development (PD) programs at education centres. Chile accounts for high rates of overweight, obesity and sedentary life, together with an absence of preschool PA programs. Objective: To relate the nutritional status, the psycho-motor development and the quantity and intensity of PA in school routine for 5 year-old preschoolers. Methods: Pilot, non-experimental, transversal correla-tional study, including 23 preschoolers aged 5. We assessed three values: nutritional status with score z-IMC, PA with Actigraphy and PD with Da Fonseca Battery. Results: 26% of the children presented with overweight and 52% with obesity. All of them had at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during their school-day. 82.6% of the children were in the Normal category for PD and the rest were in the Dispraxia category. A significant inverse relationship was found (p=0,032) between z-IMC and PD. Conclusion: The percentage of obese children is notably above international average values and national surveys. 17.4% of children show dispraxia at the psycho-motor assessment. Children with higher z-IMC have a lower score in Da Fonseca battery, which could be due to a higher weight in relation to size, and generating a lower PD in the long term. No relationships were detected within the other variables.

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Purpose-Trauma patient readiness to change score and its relationship to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score were assessed in addition to the feasibility of Computerized Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention (CASI). Methods-A bilingual computerized tablet for trauma patients was utilized and the data was analyzed using Stata. Results-Twenty-five percent of 1,145 trauma patients drank more than recommended and 4% were dependent. As many Spanish-speaking as English-speaking males did not drink, but a higher percentage of Spanish-speaking males drank more than recommended and were dependent. Half of patients who drank more than recommended rated themselves eight or higher on a 10-point readiness-to-change scale. CASI also provided personalized feedback. A high percentage of trauma patients (92%) found CASI easy and a comfort in use (87%). Conclusion-Bilingual computerized technology for trauma patients is feasible, acceptable, and an innovative approach to alcohol screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment in a tertiary care university.