feed on it, and the greater the diversity of food resources, we expect higher species richness. F... more feed on it, and the greater the diversity of food resources, we expect higher species richness. Fruit crops can attract frugivorous and nectarivorous that feed on these plants. In banana plantations it was found greater abundance of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats than in forest fragments. The aim of this study was to determine whether the abundance of food resources influences the abundance and richness of bats, and particularly frugivorous and nectarivorous guilds, in banana plantation areas. Twelve banana plantations were selected in the southwest of Rio de Janeiro State. Each area was sampled twice, at an interval that varied from five to seven months. Bat sampling was performed using mist nets opened all night and food resource was estimated using plots, in which the number of banana trees and inflorescences of banana were recorded. We obtained 1,606 captures of 22 bat species. The abundance of Glossophaga soricina, a nectarivorous species, and of all nectarivorous bats, as well as the abundance of the frugivorous species Artibeus lituratus and of all frugivorous bats, were positively related to food resources abundance. Bat richness in turn did not show this relationship. These results indicate that the amount of food available in these plantations influences their use by bats. Despite bat feeding preference for certain families of plants, these interactions are not unique and they are able to adapt to other foods source. This result further supports the hypothesis that resources diversity is more important to keep higher diversity of bats than high abundance of a single resource.
In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and intensity of Hectopsylla pulex infection... more In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and intensity of Hectopsylla pulex infection in Molossus rufus and Molossus molossus, the parasite's choice of attachment site, and whether this host-parasite system varies with host size. Twenty-four bats were captured by hand from the roof of a house in Southeastern Brazil. M. rufus exhibited a prevalence of 71.4% and the mean intensity averaged 5 ectoparasites per bat. M. molossus exhibited a prevalence of 90%, and the average mean intensity was 2.11 ectoparasites. The attachment sites were: ear, tragus, shoulder blade and tibia, anus, wing, axilla, mouth and dactylopatagium. A positive correlation was observed between the bats' weight and the number of fleas.
Data on reproduction of Platyrrhinus lineatus in a long-term sampling study in the state of Rio d... more Data on reproduction of Platyrrhinus lineatus in a long-term sampling study in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Based on a large bat sampling we analyzed the reproductive biology of Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) in the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. The bats were captured with mist nets from 1989 and 2005, in 27 of the 41 different localities sampled. The beginning of reproductive season was estimated 30 days before the date of capture of the first pregnant female. For determination of the end of the reproductive time we used the date of the capture of the last lactating female, added by 40 days. The total of 688 adult bats was analyzed, of which 58.3% were females. The largest numbers of captures was observed in the months of February, January and August. Males with descent testicles were observed in all of the months. Inactive females were observed in predominance in March and of May to August. Females with palpable fetuses were observed in all of the months except in April, June and July, with peak in August-October and January-February. Lactating females were netted from November to June, with peak in November and February. Females simultaneously pregnant and lactating were captured in all of the months except in July, with peak in April. The size of the reproductive season varied every year, from eight to 12 months, with an average of 10.6 months.
Studies on bat richness and diversity in coastal sand dunes (‘restinga’) are still scarce. Theref... more Studies on bat richness and diversity in coastal sand dunes (‘restinga’) are still scarce. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to estimate bat richness in the restinga of Praia das Neves (state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil) and to analyze species abundance. Ten sampling nights were carried out in May and July 2008, resulting in a sampling effort of 21,847.5 h.m2. We captured 125 individuals from 17 bat species. In this study, Tonatia saurophila was recorded for the first time not only in the state of Espírito Santo but also in the restinga ecosystem. The most abundant species was Artibeus lituratus with 32% of all captures. Surveys in coastal restingas are urgently needed in order to obtain more information about the bats living in this environment
Movement of Artibeus fimbriatus over the sea.
In Brazil, even though the use of permanent markin... more Movement of Artibeus fimbriatus over the sea. In Brazil, even though the use of permanent marking methods in bats are rare, frugivorous bats are known to move, great distances both in the Amazonian savannas and in urban areas. In this study, the use of permanent marking enabled to observe that Artibeus fimbriatus flew across 21.7 km of sea demonstrating a possible genic flow between islands and the continent. It is also suggested that these bats can move among more than 400 islands. Such observation reinforces the need to use definitive marking of captured animals to improve movement and dispersal data.
Occurrence of Diaemus youngi (Jentink 1893), Chiroptera, in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Diaemus ... more Occurrence of Diaemus youngi (Jentink 1893), Chiroptera, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Diaemus youngi is a vampire bat that feeds preferentially on bird blood. This bat is considered as the least frequent among the three hematofagous species throughout its geographical distribution. From 2000 to 2006, surveys for vampire control were carried out in seven localities from the State of Rio de Janeiro where attacks to birds were reported by land owners. Bats were captured in mist nets opened during two or three nights in each locality, usually in the vicinity of attacked birds. A total of eight specimens of D. youngi were collected in the seven studied localities and two records from two other localities made by other researchers were confirmed for the State of Rio de Janeiro. Apparently, D. youngi prefers to prey on domestic and wild birds that rest on high perches. This bat species may present higher abundance and larger distribution range those described here, judging by the number of reports of attacks in commercial houses of ornamental birds that raise animals in semi-freedom in Southeastern Brazil.
The Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro is extremely fragmented and reduced in its ori... more The Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro is extremely fragmented and reduced in its original extension. Although there are a great number of studies related to the biome, few lists are available for this region. The present study seeks to get information on the mammals of a remnant forest in Serra da Concórdia, an area from which no information is currently available. The rapid mammal's survey was accomplished by use of pitfalls, live traps, transects, mist nets, and camera traps. We recorded 37 terrestrial species that represent 22.3 % of Rio de Janeiro state mammal species. Among the recorded species, six are endemic of the Atlantic Forest, one is endemic of the state, and eight are in the state list of threatened or presumably threatened species. The area presents great mammal richness and an increasing effort will probably reveal the presence of additional species.
Abstract: The Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro is extremely fragmented and reduced ... more Abstract: The Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro is extremely fragmented and reduced in its original extension. Although there are a great number of studies related to the biome, few lists are available for this region. The present study seeks to get information on the mammals of a remnant forest in Serra da Concórdia, an area from which no information is currently available. The rapid mammal's survey was accomplished by use of pitfalls, live traps, transects, mist nets, and camera traps. We recorded 37 terrestrial species that represent 22.3 % of Rio de Janeiro state mammal species. Among the recorded species, six are endemic of the Atlantic Forest, one is endemic of the state, and eight are in the state list of threatened or presumably threatened species. The area presents great mammal richness and an increasing effort will probably reveal the presence of additional species.
Bats from Paraíso do Tobias, Northwest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The objective of this work is t... more Bats from Paraíso do Tobias, Northwest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective of this work is to present the first listing of bats collected in a fragment in Paraíso do Tobias located in the municipality of Miracema, Northwest of the Rio de Janeiro State. Nine nights of samplings were performed with mist nets and complemented with roosts search. A total of 678 captures and recaptures of 29 species were recorded. Platyrrhinus lineatus was the most abundant species, followed by Carollia perspicillata and Desmodus rotundus. Several species recorded, such as Natalus stramineus, Micronycteris hirsuta, and Lophostoma brasiliense, are rare in the Rio de Janeiro State. Despite the reduced sampling effort, we obtained a high richness, with more than 90% of the expected species. We obtained a considerable number of Phyllostominae (two carnivores and four predominantly gleaners insectivorous). In the areas north and northwest 32 species are now recognized.
Movement of Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (Mammalia, Chiroptera) between island and continent... more Movement of Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (Mammalia, Chiroptera) between island and continent on State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One individual of Artibeus lituratus, marked with a colored and numbered plastic color necklace was recaptured on July 18th, 2007 at the Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Mendanha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 96 days after being captured and marked at Itacuruça Island, located on southern Rio de Janeiro State. The linear distance between the plots of marking and recapture suggests a minimum movement of 35 km, being 500 m oversea.
Observation on Eptesicus furinalis in roofs in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Although Eptesicus f... more Observation on Eptesicus furinalis in roofs in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Although Eptesicus furinalis presents a widely distribution in Latin America little is known about the ecological aspects of this taxon. This paper reports the capture of three colonies of E. furinalis in Rio de Janeiro State. The colonies occupied human constructions located at altitudes above 800 m. In the three refuges occurred cohabitation with Molossus molossus and size of the colonies ranged from 2 to 33 individuals. Neonates were found in November in one of the roosts. The results show the importance of roost sampled to understand the biology of species that are under sampled in surveys using mist nets.
"Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of less studied issues in parasitology research... more "Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of less studied issues in parasitology research, and the scarce evidence available support that younger specimens present higher infestation rates. The purpose of this work is to establish if
higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. Bats were captured inside a shelter located in RPPN Estação Veracel, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bahia state, Brazil. A total of 56 individuals of
Carollia perspicillata were observed, 17 captured inside the roost during the day and 39 in trails at night. Captures of C. perspicillata during daytime in a shelter yielded similar infestation rates to bats netted in trails and higher prevalence. The hypothesis that young were more infected was confirmed, based on the higher infestation of nursing females with neonates and on the significant inverse relation between body weight and number of parasites in young and subadults."
Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) are seasonal breeders that live in large social groups in whi... more Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) are seasonal breeders that live in large social groups in which females are dominant to males. Females have one infant per year, and the nursing period lasts six to eight months. Preliminary observations in the wild indicated that during the mating period (eight weeks: July and August in our population), the infants show agonism directed at males who approach their mothers. This directed sexual interference by infants has rarely been reported for neotropical primates. Our study reports observations in a natural population of Saimiri collinsi with the aim of describing the social behavior of infants during the breeding season, especially with regard to adult males in the group. Infants of both sexes were observed during three mating periods (2011, 2012, 2013), to test hypotheses about the possible function of infant harassment directed at adult males. The behavior of infants (variables: activity and nearest neighbor) was sampled by the focal animal method as well as ad libitum observations. We recorded 99 cases of agonism and 17 cases of tolerance between nearby males and infants via the all-occurrence method. Thus, 85% of interactions between adult males and infants involved agonism. These results suggest that infant interference can present a cost to adult males during the breeding season.
Trichobius longipes (Diptera, Streblidae) como parasita de Phyllostomus hastatus (Chiroptera, Phy... more Trichobius longipes (Diptera, Streblidae) como parasita de Phyllostomus hastatus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)
Some bat species are able to adapt to urban areas, where they find food and roosts. Despite the h... more Some bat species are able to adapt to urban areas, where they find food and roosts. Despite the high number of parks in Brazilian cities, they did not yet raise the interest of most zoologists, except for some surveys of birds and butterflies. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to inventory the bat species of Quinta da Boa Vista (QBV), a large (25 ha) urban park centrally located in densely populated Rio de Janeiro, which is Brazil's second largest metropolis; (ii) to compare the species richness observed in roosts with the richness recorded through mist netting in flight routes and near fruiting and (iii) to analyze recaptures of bats marked in this park and recaptured in other sites and vice-versa. Sampling totaled 104 sampling nights resulting in 3,256 captures (including 133 recaptures) between April 1989 and December 2004. We also sampled roosts and received some specimens from park visitors and city workers. We documented 21 bat species, predominantly large frugivores. The number of expected species for this park was 24.0 ± 4.6, and the total sampled represented 87.5% of the expected. The recapture of bats marked in surrounding forest fragments and in QBV shows the importance of urban parks for the maintenance of bat diversity. Inspection of roosts produced two species that had not been captured with other methods. Sampling near fruiting fig trees did not differ in terms of richness from sampling carried out far from these trees or during their non-fruiting periods.
A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereç... more A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal's aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region.
RESUMO: O Morro de São João é um remanescente de Mata Atlântica formado por um fragmento floresta... more RESUMO: O Morro de São João é um remanescente de Mata Atlântica formado por um fragmento florestal isolado por matriz de vegetação herbácea e áreas alagadas, a qual vem sofrendo um processo de degradação com a criação de pastagens e áreas residenciais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar a riqueza e diversidade da fauna de morcegos desse local. Quarenta e uma noites de coleta foram realizadas entre maio de 1997 e junho de 2006. As coletas foram feitas com redes de neblinas armadas na transição do pasto para a floresta e entre as plantações de banana, totalizando 2.385 metros de rede e 394 horas de coleta, resultando em 2.864 redes-hora. Amostragens em refúgios totalizaram 75 horas de trabalho noturno em 12 noites. Foram obtidas 1.124 capturas em redes armadas longe de refúgios e 639 capturas em refúgios ou no acesso a estes, totalizando 1.763 capturas, incluindo 164 recapturas. Foram identificadas 28 espécies de cinco famílias, sendo Carollia perspicillata a espécie predominante em redes longe de refúgios. Molossus rufus, Noctilio leporinus, Phyllostomus hastatus e Myotis nigricans foram capturados em refúgio e em redes de neblina longe destes e Peropteryx macrotis somente foi capturado em refúgio. Apesar de possuir área reduzida, 37,3% das 77 espécies de morcegos ocorrentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram confirmadas no Morro de São João. A existência de elevada riqueza de espécies de morcegos em um fragmento de tamanho médio não é inesperado, pois estudos anteriores já demonstraram que fragmentos pequenos mantiveram a mesma diversidade da floresta contínua.
Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of the less studied issues in parasitology resea... more Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of the less studied issues in parasitology research, and the scarce evidence available supports that younger specimens present higher infestation rates. The purpose of this work is to establish if higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. Bats were captured inside a shelter located in RPPN Estação Veracel, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bahia state, Brazil. A total of 56 individuals of Carollia perspicillata were observed, 17 captured inside the roost during the day and 39 in trails at night. Captures of C. perspicillata during the day in a shelter yielded similar infestation rates to bats netted in trails and higher prevalence. The hypothesis that young were more infected was confirmed, based on the higher infestation of nursing females with neonates and on the significant inverse relation between body weight and number of parasites in young and subadults.
feed on it, and the greater the diversity of food resources, we expect higher species richness. F... more feed on it, and the greater the diversity of food resources, we expect higher species richness. Fruit crops can attract frugivorous and nectarivorous that feed on these plants. In banana plantations it was found greater abundance of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats than in forest fragments. The aim of this study was to determine whether the abundance of food resources influences the abundance and richness of bats, and particularly frugivorous and nectarivorous guilds, in banana plantation areas. Twelve banana plantations were selected in the southwest of Rio de Janeiro State. Each area was sampled twice, at an interval that varied from five to seven months. Bat sampling was performed using mist nets opened all night and food resource was estimated using plots, in which the number of banana trees and inflorescences of banana were recorded. We obtained 1,606 captures of 22 bat species. The abundance of Glossophaga soricina, a nectarivorous species, and of all nectarivorous bats, as well as the abundance of the frugivorous species Artibeus lituratus and of all frugivorous bats, were positively related to food resources abundance. Bat richness in turn did not show this relationship. These results indicate that the amount of food available in these plantations influences their use by bats. Despite bat feeding preference for certain families of plants, these interactions are not unique and they are able to adapt to other foods source. This result further supports the hypothesis that resources diversity is more important to keep higher diversity of bats than high abundance of a single resource.
In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and intensity of Hectopsylla pulex infection... more In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and intensity of Hectopsylla pulex infection in Molossus rufus and Molossus molossus, the parasite's choice of attachment site, and whether this host-parasite system varies with host size. Twenty-four bats were captured by hand from the roof of a house in Southeastern Brazil. M. rufus exhibited a prevalence of 71.4% and the mean intensity averaged 5 ectoparasites per bat. M. molossus exhibited a prevalence of 90%, and the average mean intensity was 2.11 ectoparasites. The attachment sites were: ear, tragus, shoulder blade and tibia, anus, wing, axilla, mouth and dactylopatagium. A positive correlation was observed between the bats' weight and the number of fleas.
Data on reproduction of Platyrrhinus lineatus in a long-term sampling study in the state of Rio d... more Data on reproduction of Platyrrhinus lineatus in a long-term sampling study in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Based on a large bat sampling we analyzed the reproductive biology of Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) in the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. The bats were captured with mist nets from 1989 and 2005, in 27 of the 41 different localities sampled. The beginning of reproductive season was estimated 30 days before the date of capture of the first pregnant female. For determination of the end of the reproductive time we used the date of the capture of the last lactating female, added by 40 days. The total of 688 adult bats was analyzed, of which 58.3% were females. The largest numbers of captures was observed in the months of February, January and August. Males with descent testicles were observed in all of the months. Inactive females were observed in predominance in March and of May to August. Females with palpable fetuses were observed in all of the months except in April, June and July, with peak in August-October and January-February. Lactating females were netted from November to June, with peak in November and February. Females simultaneously pregnant and lactating were captured in all of the months except in July, with peak in April. The size of the reproductive season varied every year, from eight to 12 months, with an average of 10.6 months.
Studies on bat richness and diversity in coastal sand dunes (‘restinga’) are still scarce. Theref... more Studies on bat richness and diversity in coastal sand dunes (‘restinga’) are still scarce. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to estimate bat richness in the restinga of Praia das Neves (state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil) and to analyze species abundance. Ten sampling nights were carried out in May and July 2008, resulting in a sampling effort of 21,847.5 h.m2. We captured 125 individuals from 17 bat species. In this study, Tonatia saurophila was recorded for the first time not only in the state of Espírito Santo but also in the restinga ecosystem. The most abundant species was Artibeus lituratus with 32% of all captures. Surveys in coastal restingas are urgently needed in order to obtain more information about the bats living in this environment
Movement of Artibeus fimbriatus over the sea.
In Brazil, even though the use of permanent markin... more Movement of Artibeus fimbriatus over the sea. In Brazil, even though the use of permanent marking methods in bats are rare, frugivorous bats are known to move, great distances both in the Amazonian savannas and in urban areas. In this study, the use of permanent marking enabled to observe that Artibeus fimbriatus flew across 21.7 km of sea demonstrating a possible genic flow between islands and the continent. It is also suggested that these bats can move among more than 400 islands. Such observation reinforces the need to use definitive marking of captured animals to improve movement and dispersal data.
Occurrence of Diaemus youngi (Jentink 1893), Chiroptera, in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Diaemus ... more Occurrence of Diaemus youngi (Jentink 1893), Chiroptera, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Diaemus youngi is a vampire bat that feeds preferentially on bird blood. This bat is considered as the least frequent among the three hematofagous species throughout its geographical distribution. From 2000 to 2006, surveys for vampire control were carried out in seven localities from the State of Rio de Janeiro where attacks to birds were reported by land owners. Bats were captured in mist nets opened during two or three nights in each locality, usually in the vicinity of attacked birds. A total of eight specimens of D. youngi were collected in the seven studied localities and two records from two other localities made by other researchers were confirmed for the State of Rio de Janeiro. Apparently, D. youngi prefers to prey on domestic and wild birds that rest on high perches. This bat species may present higher abundance and larger distribution range those described here, judging by the number of reports of attacks in commercial houses of ornamental birds that raise animals in semi-freedom in Southeastern Brazil.
The Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro is extremely fragmented and reduced in its ori... more The Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro is extremely fragmented and reduced in its original extension. Although there are a great number of studies related to the biome, few lists are available for this region. The present study seeks to get information on the mammals of a remnant forest in Serra da Concórdia, an area from which no information is currently available. The rapid mammal's survey was accomplished by use of pitfalls, live traps, transects, mist nets, and camera traps. We recorded 37 terrestrial species that represent 22.3 % of Rio de Janeiro state mammal species. Among the recorded species, six are endemic of the Atlantic Forest, one is endemic of the state, and eight are in the state list of threatened or presumably threatened species. The area presents great mammal richness and an increasing effort will probably reveal the presence of additional species.
Abstract: The Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro is extremely fragmented and reduced ... more Abstract: The Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro is extremely fragmented and reduced in its original extension. Although there are a great number of studies related to the biome, few lists are available for this region. The present study seeks to get information on the mammals of a remnant forest in Serra da Concórdia, an area from which no information is currently available. The rapid mammal's survey was accomplished by use of pitfalls, live traps, transects, mist nets, and camera traps. We recorded 37 terrestrial species that represent 22.3 % of Rio de Janeiro state mammal species. Among the recorded species, six are endemic of the Atlantic Forest, one is endemic of the state, and eight are in the state list of threatened or presumably threatened species. The area presents great mammal richness and an increasing effort will probably reveal the presence of additional species.
Bats from Paraíso do Tobias, Northwest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The objective of this work is t... more Bats from Paraíso do Tobias, Northwest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective of this work is to present the first listing of bats collected in a fragment in Paraíso do Tobias located in the municipality of Miracema, Northwest of the Rio de Janeiro State. Nine nights of samplings were performed with mist nets and complemented with roosts search. A total of 678 captures and recaptures of 29 species were recorded. Platyrrhinus lineatus was the most abundant species, followed by Carollia perspicillata and Desmodus rotundus. Several species recorded, such as Natalus stramineus, Micronycteris hirsuta, and Lophostoma brasiliense, are rare in the Rio de Janeiro State. Despite the reduced sampling effort, we obtained a high richness, with more than 90% of the expected species. We obtained a considerable number of Phyllostominae (two carnivores and four predominantly gleaners insectivorous). In the areas north and northwest 32 species are now recognized.
Movement of Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (Mammalia, Chiroptera) between island and continent... more Movement of Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (Mammalia, Chiroptera) between island and continent on State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One individual of Artibeus lituratus, marked with a colored and numbered plastic color necklace was recaptured on July 18th, 2007 at the Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Mendanha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 96 days after being captured and marked at Itacuruça Island, located on southern Rio de Janeiro State. The linear distance between the plots of marking and recapture suggests a minimum movement of 35 km, being 500 m oversea.
Observation on Eptesicus furinalis in roofs in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Although Eptesicus f... more Observation on Eptesicus furinalis in roofs in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Although Eptesicus furinalis presents a widely distribution in Latin America little is known about the ecological aspects of this taxon. This paper reports the capture of three colonies of E. furinalis in Rio de Janeiro State. The colonies occupied human constructions located at altitudes above 800 m. In the three refuges occurred cohabitation with Molossus molossus and size of the colonies ranged from 2 to 33 individuals. Neonates were found in November in one of the roosts. The results show the importance of roost sampled to understand the biology of species that are under sampled in surveys using mist nets.
"Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of less studied issues in parasitology research... more "Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of less studied issues in parasitology research, and the scarce evidence available support that younger specimens present higher infestation rates. The purpose of this work is to establish if
higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. Bats were captured inside a shelter located in RPPN Estação Veracel, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bahia state, Brazil. A total of 56 individuals of
Carollia perspicillata were observed, 17 captured inside the roost during the day and 39 in trails at night. Captures of C. perspicillata during daytime in a shelter yielded similar infestation rates to bats netted in trails and higher prevalence. The hypothesis that young were more infected was confirmed, based on the higher infestation of nursing females with neonates and on the significant inverse relation between body weight and number of parasites in young and subadults."
Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) are seasonal breeders that live in large social groups in whi... more Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) are seasonal breeders that live in large social groups in which females are dominant to males. Females have one infant per year, and the nursing period lasts six to eight months. Preliminary observations in the wild indicated that during the mating period (eight weeks: July and August in our population), the infants show agonism directed at males who approach their mothers. This directed sexual interference by infants has rarely been reported for neotropical primates. Our study reports observations in a natural population of Saimiri collinsi with the aim of describing the social behavior of infants during the breeding season, especially with regard to adult males in the group. Infants of both sexes were observed during three mating periods (2011, 2012, 2013), to test hypotheses about the possible function of infant harassment directed at adult males. The behavior of infants (variables: activity and nearest neighbor) was sampled by the focal animal method as well as ad libitum observations. We recorded 99 cases of agonism and 17 cases of tolerance between nearby males and infants via the all-occurrence method. Thus, 85% of interactions between adult males and infants involved agonism. These results suggest that infant interference can present a cost to adult males during the breeding season.
Trichobius longipes (Diptera, Streblidae) como parasita de Phyllostomus hastatus (Chiroptera, Phy... more Trichobius longipes (Diptera, Streblidae) como parasita de Phyllostomus hastatus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)
Some bat species are able to adapt to urban areas, where they find food and roosts. Despite the h... more Some bat species are able to adapt to urban areas, where they find food and roosts. Despite the high number of parks in Brazilian cities, they did not yet raise the interest of most zoologists, except for some surveys of birds and butterflies. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to inventory the bat species of Quinta da Boa Vista (QBV), a large (25 ha) urban park centrally located in densely populated Rio de Janeiro, which is Brazil's second largest metropolis; (ii) to compare the species richness observed in roosts with the richness recorded through mist netting in flight routes and near fruiting and (iii) to analyze recaptures of bats marked in this park and recaptured in other sites and vice-versa. Sampling totaled 104 sampling nights resulting in 3,256 captures (including 133 recaptures) between April 1989 and December 2004. We also sampled roosts and received some specimens from park visitors and city workers. We documented 21 bat species, predominantly large frugivores. The number of expected species for this park was 24.0 ± 4.6, and the total sampled represented 87.5% of the expected. The recapture of bats marked in surrounding forest fragments and in QBV shows the importance of urban parks for the maintenance of bat diversity. Inspection of roosts produced two species that had not been captured with other methods. Sampling near fruiting fig trees did not differ in terms of richness from sampling carried out far from these trees or during their non-fruiting periods.
A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereç... more A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal's aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region.
RESUMO: O Morro de São João é um remanescente de Mata Atlântica formado por um fragmento floresta... more RESUMO: O Morro de São João é um remanescente de Mata Atlântica formado por um fragmento florestal isolado por matriz de vegetação herbácea e áreas alagadas, a qual vem sofrendo um processo de degradação com a criação de pastagens e áreas residenciais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar a riqueza e diversidade da fauna de morcegos desse local. Quarenta e uma noites de coleta foram realizadas entre maio de 1997 e junho de 2006. As coletas foram feitas com redes de neblinas armadas na transição do pasto para a floresta e entre as plantações de banana, totalizando 2.385 metros de rede e 394 horas de coleta, resultando em 2.864 redes-hora. Amostragens em refúgios totalizaram 75 horas de trabalho noturno em 12 noites. Foram obtidas 1.124 capturas em redes armadas longe de refúgios e 639 capturas em refúgios ou no acesso a estes, totalizando 1.763 capturas, incluindo 164 recapturas. Foram identificadas 28 espécies de cinco famílias, sendo Carollia perspicillata a espécie predominante em redes longe de refúgios. Molossus rufus, Noctilio leporinus, Phyllostomus hastatus e Myotis nigricans foram capturados em refúgio e em redes de neblina longe destes e Peropteryx macrotis somente foi capturado em refúgio. Apesar de possuir área reduzida, 37,3% das 77 espécies de morcegos ocorrentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram confirmadas no Morro de São João. A existência de elevada riqueza de espécies de morcegos em um fragmento de tamanho médio não é inesperado, pois estudos anteriores já demonstraram que fragmentos pequenos mantiveram a mesma diversidade da floresta contínua.
Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of the less studied issues in parasitology resea... more Ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of the less studied issues in parasitology research, and the scarce evidence available supports that younger specimens present higher infestation rates. The purpose of this work is to establish if higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. Bats were captured inside a shelter located in RPPN Estação Veracel, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bahia state, Brazil. A total of 56 individuals of Carollia perspicillata were observed, 17 captured inside the roost during the day and 39 in trails at night. Captures of C. perspicillata during the day in a shelter yielded similar infestation rates to bats netted in trails and higher prevalence. The hypothesis that young were more infected was confirmed, based on the higher infestation of nursing females with neonates and on the significant inverse relation between body weight and number of parasites in young and subadults.
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Papers by Luciana Costa
Based on a large bat sampling we analyzed the reproductive biology of Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) in the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. The bats were captured with mist nets from 1989 and 2005, in 27 of the 41 different localities sampled. The beginning of reproductive season was estimated 30 days before the date of capture of the first pregnant female. For determination of the end of the reproductive time we used the date of the capture of the last lactating female, added by 40 days. The total of 688 adult bats was analyzed, of which 58.3% were females. The largest numbers of captures was observed in the months of February, January and August. Males with descent testicles were observed in all of the months. Inactive females were observed in predominance in March and of May to August. Females with palpable fetuses were observed in all of the months except in April, June and July, with peak in August-October and January-February. Lactating females were netted from November to June, with peak in November and February. Females simultaneously pregnant and lactating were captured in all of the months except in July, with peak in April. The size of the reproductive season varied every year, from eight to 12 months, with an average of 10.6 months.
present study were to estimate bat richness in the restinga of Praia das Neves (state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil) and to analyze species abundance. Ten sampling nights were carried out in May and July 2008, resulting in a sampling effort of 21,847.5 h.m2. We captured 125 individuals from 17 bat species. In this study, Tonatia saurophila was recorded for the first time not only in the state of Espírito Santo but also in the restinga ecosystem. The most abundant species was Artibeus lituratus with 32% of all captures. Surveys in coastal restingas are urgently needed in order to obtain more information about the bats living in this environment
In Brazil, even though the use of permanent marking methods in bats are rare, frugivorous bats are known to move, great distances both in the Amazonian savannas and in urban areas. In this study, the use of permanent marking enabled to observe that Artibeus fimbriatus flew across 21.7 km of sea demonstrating a possible genic flow between islands and the continent. It is also suggested that these bats can move among more than 400 islands. Such observation reinforces the need to use definitive
marking of captured animals to improve movement and dispersal data.
Diaemus youngi is a vampire bat that feeds preferentially on bird blood. This bat is considered as the least frequent among the three hematofagous species throughout its geographical distribution. From 2000 to 2006, surveys for vampire control were carried out in seven localities from the State of Rio de Janeiro where attacks to birds were reported by land owners. Bats were captured in mist nets opened during two or three nights in each locality, usually in the vicinity of attacked birds. A total of eight specimens of D. youngi were collected in the seven studied localities and two records from two other localities made by other researchers were confirmed for the State of Rio de Janeiro. Apparently, D. youngi prefers to prey on domestic and wild birds that rest on high perches. This bat species may present higher abundance and larger distribution range those described here, judging by the number of reports of attacks in commercial houses of ornamental birds that raise animals in semi-freedom in Southeastern Brazil.
extension. Although there are a great number of studies related to the biome, few lists are available for this region. The
present study seeks to get information on the mammals of a remnant forest in Serra da Concórdia, an area from which
no information is currently available. The rapid mammal's survey was accomplished by use of pitfalls, live traps,
transects, mist nets, and camera traps. We recorded 37 terrestrial species that represent 22.3 % of Rio de Janeiro state
mammal species. Among the recorded species, six are endemic of the Atlantic Forest, one is endemic of the state, and
eight are in the state list of threatened or presumably threatened species. The area presents great mammal richness and an increasing effort will probably reveal the presence of additional species.
The objective of this work is to present the first listing of bats collected in a fragment in Paraíso do Tobias located in the municipality of Miracema, Northwest of the Rio de Janeiro State. Nine nights of samplings were performed with mist nets and complemented with roosts search. A total of 678 captures and recaptures of 29 species were recorded. Platyrrhinus lineatus was the most abundant species, followed by Carollia perspicillata and Desmodus rotundus. Several species recorded, such as Natalus stramineus, Micronycteris hirsuta, and Lophostoma brasiliense, are rare in the Rio de Janeiro State. Despite the reduced sampling effort, we obtained a high richness, with more than 90% of the expected species. We obtained a considerable number of Phyllostominae (two carnivores and four predominantly gleaners insectivorous). In the areas north and northwest 32 species are now recognized.
One individual of Artibeus lituratus, marked with a colored and numbered plastic color necklace was recaptured on July 18th, 2007 at the Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Mendanha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 96 days after being captured and marked at Itacuruça Island, located on southern Rio de Janeiro State. The linear distance between the plots of marking and recapture suggests a minimum movement of 35 km, being 500 m oversea.
understand the biology of species that are under sampled in surveys using mist nets.
higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. Bats were captured inside a shelter located in RPPN Estação Veracel, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bahia state, Brazil. A total of 56 individuals of
Carollia perspicillata were observed, 17 captured inside the roost during the day and 39 in trails at night. Captures of C. perspicillata during daytime in a shelter yielded similar infestation rates to bats netted in trails and higher prevalence. The hypothesis that young were more infected was confirmed, based on the higher infestation of nursing females with neonates and on the significant inverse relation between body weight and number of parasites in young and subadults."
Based on a large bat sampling we analyzed the reproductive biology of Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) in the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. The bats were captured with mist nets from 1989 and 2005, in 27 of the 41 different localities sampled. The beginning of reproductive season was estimated 30 days before the date of capture of the first pregnant female. For determination of the end of the reproductive time we used the date of the capture of the last lactating female, added by 40 days. The total of 688 adult bats was analyzed, of which 58.3% were females. The largest numbers of captures was observed in the months of February, January and August. Males with descent testicles were observed in all of the months. Inactive females were observed in predominance in March and of May to August. Females with palpable fetuses were observed in all of the months except in April, June and July, with peak in August-October and January-February. Lactating females were netted from November to June, with peak in November and February. Females simultaneously pregnant and lactating were captured in all of the months except in July, with peak in April. The size of the reproductive season varied every year, from eight to 12 months, with an average of 10.6 months.
present study were to estimate bat richness in the restinga of Praia das Neves (state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil) and to analyze species abundance. Ten sampling nights were carried out in May and July 2008, resulting in a sampling effort of 21,847.5 h.m2. We captured 125 individuals from 17 bat species. In this study, Tonatia saurophila was recorded for the first time not only in the state of Espírito Santo but also in the restinga ecosystem. The most abundant species was Artibeus lituratus with 32% of all captures. Surveys in coastal restingas are urgently needed in order to obtain more information about the bats living in this environment
In Brazil, even though the use of permanent marking methods in bats are rare, frugivorous bats are known to move, great distances both in the Amazonian savannas and in urban areas. In this study, the use of permanent marking enabled to observe that Artibeus fimbriatus flew across 21.7 km of sea demonstrating a possible genic flow between islands and the continent. It is also suggested that these bats can move among more than 400 islands. Such observation reinforces the need to use definitive
marking of captured animals to improve movement and dispersal data.
Diaemus youngi is a vampire bat that feeds preferentially on bird blood. This bat is considered as the least frequent among the three hematofagous species throughout its geographical distribution. From 2000 to 2006, surveys for vampire control were carried out in seven localities from the State of Rio de Janeiro where attacks to birds were reported by land owners. Bats were captured in mist nets opened during two or three nights in each locality, usually in the vicinity of attacked birds. A total of eight specimens of D. youngi were collected in the seven studied localities and two records from two other localities made by other researchers were confirmed for the State of Rio de Janeiro. Apparently, D. youngi prefers to prey on domestic and wild birds that rest on high perches. This bat species may present higher abundance and larger distribution range those described here, judging by the number of reports of attacks in commercial houses of ornamental birds that raise animals in semi-freedom in Southeastern Brazil.
extension. Although there are a great number of studies related to the biome, few lists are available for this region. The
present study seeks to get information on the mammals of a remnant forest in Serra da Concórdia, an area from which
no information is currently available. The rapid mammal's survey was accomplished by use of pitfalls, live traps,
transects, mist nets, and camera traps. We recorded 37 terrestrial species that represent 22.3 % of Rio de Janeiro state
mammal species. Among the recorded species, six are endemic of the Atlantic Forest, one is endemic of the state, and
eight are in the state list of threatened or presumably threatened species. The area presents great mammal richness and an increasing effort will probably reveal the presence of additional species.
The objective of this work is to present the first listing of bats collected in a fragment in Paraíso do Tobias located in the municipality of Miracema, Northwest of the Rio de Janeiro State. Nine nights of samplings were performed with mist nets and complemented with roosts search. A total of 678 captures and recaptures of 29 species were recorded. Platyrrhinus lineatus was the most abundant species, followed by Carollia perspicillata and Desmodus rotundus. Several species recorded, such as Natalus stramineus, Micronycteris hirsuta, and Lophostoma brasiliense, are rare in the Rio de Janeiro State. Despite the reduced sampling effort, we obtained a high richness, with more than 90% of the expected species. We obtained a considerable number of Phyllostominae (two carnivores and four predominantly gleaners insectivorous). In the areas north and northwest 32 species are now recognized.
One individual of Artibeus lituratus, marked with a colored and numbered plastic color necklace was recaptured on July 18th, 2007 at the Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Mendanha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 96 days after being captured and marked at Itacuruça Island, located on southern Rio de Janeiro State. The linear distance between the plots of marking and recapture suggests a minimum movement of 35 km, being 500 m oversea.
understand the biology of species that are under sampled in surveys using mist nets.
higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. Bats were captured inside a shelter located in RPPN Estação Veracel, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, Bahia state, Brazil. A total of 56 individuals of
Carollia perspicillata were observed, 17 captured inside the roost during the day and 39 in trails at night. Captures of C. perspicillata during daytime in a shelter yielded similar infestation rates to bats netted in trails and higher prevalence. The hypothesis that young were more infected was confirmed, based on the higher infestation of nursing females with neonates and on the significant inverse relation between body weight and number of parasites in young and subadults."