Papers by Luciano Gomes Fischer
Regional studies in marine science, Mar 1, 2024
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Gestão costeira integrada, Mar 1, 2023
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Marine and Fishery Sciences (MAFIS)
Otoliths are acellular apposition structures composed of approximately 90% of calcium carbonate a... more Otoliths are acellular apposition structures composed of approximately 90% of calcium carbonate and other inorganic salts, which develop over a protein matrix located in the inner ear of bony fishes playing an essential role in the senses of balance and hearing. These structures grow throughout a fish’s lifetime. Owing to their species-specific shape, otoliths are an important tool for the identification of fish species in the diet of predators when collected from stomachs and, due to their low water content, are helpful for archaeological, paleontological and anthropological studies for its presence in fossilized remains. This atlas is aimed at the identification of abundant or frequent bony fishes otoliths in the diet of predators and in fossilized remains from the continental shelf and upper continental slope of southern Brazil between Santa Marta Grande cape (28° S) and Chuí (34° S) on the border with Uruguay. It includes the otolith description of 136 bony fishes species, inclu...
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Neotropical ichthyology/Neotropical Ichthyology, 2024
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Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, Nov 10, 2009
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Marine Pollution Bulletin, Feb 1, 2023
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Here we present the first record of Sphyrion lumpi (Copepoda), a mesoparasitic species found on m... more Here we present the first record of Sphyrion lumpi (Copepoda), a mesoparasitic species found on macrourid Coelorinchus marinii from Southern Brazilian continental slope.
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Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Apr 26, 2023
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Livro de Resumos do X Congresso Brasileiro sobre Crustáceos, 2018
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Ichthyology & Herpetology
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Marine Biology
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Figure 2. (I) Juvenile of Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) in Visgueiro lagoon, o... more Figure 2. (I) Juvenile of Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) in Visgueiro lagoon, on December 5th, 2019. (II) Adults with breeding plumage on April 14th, 2019. Both images from Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, in Quissamã, on the northern coast of the Rio de Janeiro state.
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Ocean and Coastal Research
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Journal of fish biology, Jan 28, 2018
The present study reports the occurrence of the bearded brotula Brotula barbata in four different... more The present study reports the occurrence of the bearded brotula Brotula barbata in four different localities off southern Brazil. These records extend the species' known distribution limit southwards, beyond Rio de Janeiro, to the state of Rio Grande do Sul (30° 50' S). Morphometric and meristic data for the specimens reported herein are provided and discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Ecology, Apr 27, 2022
The Neotropical region hosts 4,225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world&amp... more The Neotropical region hosts 4,225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north, to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for 4,225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are: Characiformes (1,289), Siluriformes (1,384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245) and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4,696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1,802 distribution records for non-native species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families and/or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fisheries pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications.
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Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia
In Brazil, the White-backed Stilt Himantopus melanurus is distributed in the midwest, south and s... more In Brazil, the White-backed Stilt Himantopus melanurus is distributed in the midwest, south and southeast but breeding information is scarce. In this study, species breeding information in the country was compiled from online platform (WikiAves, eBird) and literature. A case study describing nests and egg biometry were reported in Restinga of Jurubatiba National Park (RJNP), on the north cost of Rio de Janeiro state, as well potential threats to the species. Sampling was carried out in September and December 2018, monthly in 2019 and between January to March and September to December in 2020. Overall, 70 breeding records were compiled, between 1997 and November 2021, being 64 from WikiAves in all regions of Brazil, four records from eBird in São Paulo state (in 2021) and two records in literature (one from São Paulo state, in 2007 and one from Rio de Janeiro in 2012). In RJNP, 44 nests were identified being 34 active, with an average of 3.5 eggs per nest, and overall 118 eggs were m...
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Figure 1. Breeding records of the Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) in Brazil. Nes... more Figure 1. Breeding records of the Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) in Brazil. Nests (circles), breeding pairs (triangle), fledging chicks (square).
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Figure 3. (I) Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus attacking a Great egret Ardea alba i... more Figure 3. (I) Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus attacking a Great egret Ardea alba in the Ubatuba lagoon; (II) C. cirrocephalus nesting; (III) First C. cirrocephalus nest with an egg inside and other fallen nearby (highlighted by the yellow circle) after predation attempt by Ardea alba; (IV) Second nest with two eggs in the Ubatuba lagoon, at Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Quissamã, on the northern coast of the Rio de Janeiro state.
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Catalog with 166 species of deep-water fishes found in the Potiguar Basin, located in northeaster... more Catalog with 166 species of deep-water fishes found in the Potiguar Basin, located in northeastern Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The fishes were collected with bottom trawls between 200 and 2.000 meters deep.
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Biological Trace Element Research, 2021
Mercury (Hg) contamination has caused ecological and socioeconomic problems worldwide. One of the... more Mercury (Hg) contamination has caused ecological and socioeconomic problems worldwide. One of the main Hg contamination routes by the human populations is through fish ingestion. Herein, we analyzed the total Hg concentrations (THg) in highly consumed marine fish species: Brazilian flathead Percophis brasiliensis, Atlantic bigeye Priacanthus arenatus, Stripped weakfish Cynoscion guatucupa, and Jamaica weakfish C. jamaicensis. The specimens were collected from fishing landings off the Rio de Janeiro, SW Atlantic. Additionally, we calculate the estimated weekly intakes (EWI) and the maximum amount of fish (MAF) that can be safely ingested, both based on the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The highest THg concentrations were recorded in P. brasiliensis with a mean of 340.59 μg/kg (dry weight) and the lowest in P. arenatus (115.75 μg/kg). THg concentrations were positively related to the δ15N ratios indicating an increase in contamination with trophic level. All samples showed THg concentrations below the established limits by Brazilian and international regulation. Hg intake via human fish consumption does not exceed the PTWI. The EWI varied from 1.41% (P. arenatus size class I) to 11.52% (P. brasiliensis class II) of the PTWI, while the estimated EWI for "fish consumers" varied between 8.35 and 68.07% PTWI. The MAF estimated for an adult (70 kg) could safely consume between 1277.85 and 7075.50 g/week. This study is an important baseline for monitoring and future comparisons. Therefore, it is important to maintain monitoring of mercury levels in fish species in different marine regions, especially those species most consumed by humans.
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Papers by Luciano Gomes Fischer
As principais espécies ou gêneros nas capturas, em peso, foram o peixe-batata Lopholatilus villarii (28,4%), a abrótea-de-profundidade Urophycis cirrata (18,8%), os caçonetes Squalus megalops e S. mitsukurii (14,1%), o cherne-poveiro Polyprion americanus (10,4%), o cherne-verdadeiro Epinephelus niveatus (5,3 %), os cações do gênero Carcharhinus (4,5%), o namorado Pseudopercis numida (4,0%), o sarrão Helicolenus dactylopterus lahillei (3,0 %), o cação-bico-doce Galeorhinus galeus (1,6 %), os caçonetes Mustelus schmittii e M. canis (1,4 %), o pargo-rosa Pagrus pagrus (1,3%) e o congro-rosa Genypterus brasiliensis (1,0%). Numericamente tiveram certa importância as moréias do gênero Gymnothorax e a merluza Merluccius hubsi. Vinte porcento da captura total, em peso, foi composta por pequenos peixes sem valor de mercado que, no entanto, são utilizados como isca nas embarcações comerciais.
Os resultados obtidos nas capturas mostram uma relativa especificidade da pesca de anzol. A maioria das espécies-alvo da pesca de espinhel-de-fundo são pouco capturadas com redes-de-arrasto, seja porque ocorrem sobre tipos de fundos não adequados para o arrasto ou porque, devido a seu tamanho, conseguem evitar a rede. Já as espécies de menor porte, como a abrótea-de-profundidade, o sarrão e os caçonetes, que ocorrem sobre fundos moles, onde é possível arrastar, sofrem uma pressão de pesca maior.
Adicionalmente, no levantamento pesqueiro realizado de abril a junho de 1997, foram realizadas utilizadas pargueiras e armadilhas, lançadas presas ao cabo principal do espinhel-de-fundo. Nas 94 operações deste levantamento foram lançadas 646 pargueiras, com 4907 anzóis, que capturaram 254 peixes de 15 espécies ou gêneros, pesando em média 0,878 kg, com um rendimento médio de 16,70 kg por 1000 anzóis-hora. Foram também lançadas 220 armadilhas das quais em 34 ocorreram 38 peixes de 9 taxa, principalmente abrótea-de-profundidade e moréias, ocorrendo também pargo-rosa, sarrão e peixes agnatos. Invertebrados ocorreram em 87 armadilhas recolhidas, a espécie mais abundante foi o caranguejo-vermelho Chacecon notialis, sendo também capturados alguns exemplares caranguejo-dourado C. ramosae. Isópodes do gênero Bathynomus e pequenos isópodes do gênero Cirolana ocorreram com certa freqüência.
As análises conjuntas das capturas do espinhel-de-fundo, das pargueiras e das armadilhas mostraram que, em lances diurnos, de curta duração, não ocorreram outras espécies de peixes, além das presentes nas capturas do espinhel, que pudessem ser responsáveis pela perda de iscas. As baixas capturas de peixes, tanto no espinhel-de-fundo quanto nos anzóis das pargueiras próximos ao fundo, estiveram relacionadas com altas densidades de crustáceos predadores de iscas capturados pelas armadilhas. O caranguejo-vermelho e o caranguejo-dourado parecem ser os principais responsáveis pela predação das iscas nas áreas onde são abundantes. A presença dos demais caranguejos e dos isópodes do gênero Bathynomus não foi determinante para a perda de iscas, provavelmente por causa de sua menor densidade ou por estarem menos aparelhados para atuar sobre as iscas. A ação dos isópodes Cirolana sp. foi ainda menos evidente porque foi pouco retido pelas armadilhas, porém sua importância deve ser considerada nas áreas de maior densidade populacional.
Nesta reanálise foram utilizados dados de captura e esforço de 3.729 arrastos com redes com malhetas, dirigidos a peixes e 2.198 arrastos com redes sem malhetas dirigidas a camarões.
A área total da plataforma continental brasileira foi estimada em 740 mil km², da qual em torno de 500.000 km² (67,5%) foram considerados de fundos predominantemente de areia e lama livres de obstáculos para permitir o arrasto. A densidade média da biomassa arrastável derivada das estimativas nas diferentes regiões e faixas de profundidades foi de 23,8 kg/km² e a biomassa total em 1.436.000 t, com um intervalo de 90% de confiança entre 1.127.000 e 1.749.000 t.
A produção pesqueira potencial foi calculada tomando em consideração os descartes, a mortalidade natural média por regiões e faixas de profundidades e mortalidades por pesca entre 0,2 e 0,5 da mortalidade natural, entre 101.000 t e 252.500 t, e por regiões: Sul (58.900-147.400 t), Sudeste (14.900-37.200 t), Central (5.100-12.800 t), Nordeste (3.000-7.700 t) e Norte (18.800-47.200 t). O potencial pesqueiro derivado desta análise é substancialmente inferior ao previamente estimado e mais compatível com o histórico da exploração pesqueira das três últimas décadas.
As mortalidades e taxas de explotação, calculadas a partir das composições de idades das capturas nos levantamentos de arrasto-de-fundo, são elevadas (E machos=0,5 e E fêmeas=0,67) e indicam que o estoque se encontrava, pelo menos, plenamente explotado pela pesca de linha e espinhel antes da expansão da pesca de arrasto no talude. A biomassa estimada pelo método da área varrida entre 23˚00´S e 34˚40´S e 100 a 600 de profundidade, no outono de 2002, foi de 12.446 t (± 37%). Embora as estimativas de biomassa apresentem intervalos de confiança amplos, quando consideradas em conjunto com as taxas de explotação estimadas e as características biológicas da espécie (como a diferença de crescimento entre os sexos), mostram que capturas anuais como as ocorridas em 2002 não são sustentáveis.
Trophic Ecology: Data from research surveys and commercial fishing were used to analyze the trophic ecology of four species inhabiting the upper slope of southern Brazil: Coelorinchus marinii, Malacocephalus occidentalis, M. laevis and Lucigadus ori. For the two abundant ones, ontogenetic changes, seasonal variations, intra- and interspecific dietary overlap, parasite fauna and aspects of functional morphology are also described. C.marinii had an extremely diverse diet, preying infauna, epifauna, plankton, necton and carcasses.
M.occidentalis fed on larger and nektonic prey, but also included crabs and carcasses in the diet. Both species showed ontogenetic shifts and seasonal variations in diet composition, both leading to changes in intra- and interspecific diet overlap patterns. Species showed quite distinct feeding anatomy and proportions of body with mouth size, reflecting on feeding strategies. There was little interspecific food overlap. In most cases when the diet was more similar there was a spatial segregation. The coexistence of these species appears to be facilitated by the development of different functional morphologies and feeding strategies. A considerable portion of the diet of these species is due to the consumption of carcasses of pelagic and mesopelagic organisms, and even insects, bypassing the benthic trophic web. Conservative (minimum) estimates of the mean weight
of carcasses in diet ranged from 3 to 20%, increasing with the size of the predators and towards deeper waters. C.marinii showed a lower consumption of carcasses and a high proportion of mesopelagic fishes and cephalopods, however, the analysis of the feeding morphology and prey size leads to believe that most of these two groups of prey were consumed as carcasses. This source of food bypass the detritus food chains and connect the concentrations of macrourids to fluctuations in the abundance of epi and mesopelagic organisms and to oceanographic processes that increase their concentration and mortality (e.g. mesoscale anticyclonic eddies).
Distribution, Biomass and Oceanography: Data from two seasonal bottom trawl surveys were used to provide information on distribution, abundances, densities, sizecomposition and biomass estimates for seven species: Coelorinchus marinii, Malacocephalus occidentalis, M. laevis, Lucigadus ori, Hymenocephalus billsam, Ventrifossa macropogon and V. mucocephalus. The total biomass was estimated in 5.5 and 8.3 kt respectively in winter-spring and summer-autumn. C.marinii and M.occidentalis comprised 98% of the biomass. For these two abundant species, surface maps were made with spawning areas, feeding index, sex and immature/mature ratios, and were related to
oceanographic processes, providing insights on strategies and important processes regulating distribution and abundance patterns. Both species showed a marked seasonal variation in the extent and location of spawning areas. Most C.marinii females were mature (90%), suggesting an early maturation during pelagic phase and acquiring demersal habit just prior the onset of maturation, while M.occidentalis showed few matures females and settle to bottom well before maturity. Temperature rather than depth seems to be the main factor regulating the batimetric distribution of both species. We describe three processes responsible for distribution and abundance patterns found in these species. Different patterns of spatial segregation were found in both species, related with depth, sex and maturity. It is suggested that areas with high biomass Macrouridae (scavengers) are induced by zones of occurrence semi-permanent mesoscale processes (e.g. eddies). These processes increase productivity and enable large biomass of short-lived organisms found in the upper layers, and also increase the concentration, mortality and availability of carcasses, favoring scavenger predators. These processes may be responsible for inconsistencies in biomass of megafauna and macrofauna found in some studies, where biomass of megafauna was of the same order of magnitude or larger than macrofauna, contradicting the Eltonian principle. It is suggested that future studies attempt to relate mesoscale processes with the biomass of potential short-lived prey in surface waters and higher biomass of scavengers. This work highlights the importance of the study of ocean dynamics, combining biological and oceanographic observations, trying to understand the role of mesoscale physical processes on the distribution and abundance patterns of species.
(tanto no litoral como no interior), mas algumas aves, como a fragata, o gaivotão e o atobá ocorrem apenas no litoral e nas ilhas costeiras e oceânicas. Batuíras e maçaricos vêm de muito longe e visitam a região, aproveitando o clima agradável do Brasil, depois de se reproduzirem no Canadá e Estados Unidos. As demais aves encontradas no Araçá são residentes, isto é, se
reproduzem no nosso país.
Neste folheto apresentamos algumas das espécies de
aves que encontramos no Araçá e informações sobre sua alimentação, tamanho e peso. Além das aves aqui apresentadas, há também corruíras, suiriris, rolinhas,
beija-flores, trinta-réis, entre outras.