University of Bergen | Philosophy

There is no doubt that Spinoza values what he calls living under the guidance of reason, and that he somehow equates such a life with happiness. What is less clear is exactly how he conceives of such a life, and thus how he conceives of... more

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- by Espen Gamlund
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- 3
  Philosophy, Baruch Spinoza, Arne Naess

The purpose of this paper is to consider the question of whether we have a duty to forgive those who repent and apologize for the wrong they have done. I shall argue that we have a pro tanto duty to forgive repentant wrongdoers, and I... more

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- by Kristian Skagen Ekeli and +1
  Espen Gamlund
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- 2
  Environmental Philosophy, Moral Philosophy

List of papers Paper 1 Gamlund, E. The Duty to Forgive Repentant Wrongdoers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES 18 (5) 651-671 (2010) DOI: 10.1080/09672559.2010. 528602 Paper 2 Gamlund, E. Supererogatory Forgiveness.... more

ABSTRACT: In this paper, I discuss some central ethical aspects of self-forgiveness. A first comparison is made between interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness. It would seem that self-forgiveness follows much of the same structure... more

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- by Espen Gamlund
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- 3
  Ethics, Moral Philosophy, Forgiveness

In 1973, Richard Sylvan published an article entitled:'Is there a need for a new, an environmental ethic?'(Sylvan, 2003). Sylvan's answer then was yes, and together with a few other philosophers he helped to form... more

Hva er galt med dypøkologien? Noen kommentarer til Arne Naess' Økosofi T Espen Gamlund Førsteamanuensis, Institutt for filosofi og førstesemesterstudier, Universitetet i Bergen E-post: espen.gamlund@fof.uib.no

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- by Espen Gamlund
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- 2
  Environmental Ethics, Identification

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- by Carl Tollef Solberg and +1
  Espen Gamlund
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- 2
  Bioethics, Medical Ethics

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- by Espen Gamlund
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- 2
  Ethics, Baruch Spinoza

Ruth Tallman has recently offered a defense of the modified youngest first principle of scarce resource allocation [1]. According to Tallman, this principle calls for prioritizing adolescents and young adults between 15–40 years of age.... more

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- by Espen Gamlund
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- 8
  Philosophy, Ethics, Bioethics, Global Health

Background: The state of the world is one with scarce medical resources where longevity is not equally distributed. Given such facts, setting priorities in health entails making difficult yet unavoidable decisions about which lives to... more

Background: The state of the world is one with scarce medical resources where longevity is not equally distributed. Given such facts, setting priorities in health entails making difficult yet unavoidable decisions about which lives to save. The business of saving lives works on the assumption that longevity is valuable and that an early death is worse than a late death. There is a vast literature on health priorities and badness of death, separately. Surprisingly, there has been little cross-fertilisation between the academic fields of priority setting and badness of death. Our aim is to connect philosophical discussions on the badness of death to contemporary debates in health priorities.
Discussion: Two questions regarding death are especially relevant to health priorities. The first question is why death is bad. Death is clearly bad for others, such as family, friends and society. Many philosophers also argue that death can be bad for those who die. This distinction is important for health priorities, because it concerns our fundamental reasons for saving lives. The second question is, ‘When is the worst time to die?’ A premature death is commonly considered worse than a late death. Thus, the number of good life years lost seems to matter to the badness of death. Concerning young individuals, some think the death of infants is worse than the death of adolescents, while others have contrary intuitions. Our claim is that to prioritise between age groups, we must consider the question of when it is worst to die.
Conclusions: Deprivationism provides a more plausible approach to health priorities than Epicureanism. If Deprivationism is accepted, we will have a firmer basis for claiming that individuals, in addition to having a health loss caused by morbidity, will have a loss of good life years due to mortality. Additionally, Deprivationism highlights the importance of age and values for health priorities. Regarding age, both variants of Deprivationism imply that stillbirths are included in the Global Burden of Disease. Finally, we suggest that the Time-Relative Interest Account may serve as an alternative to the discounting and age weighting previously applied in the Global Burden of Disease.
Keywords: Age weighting, Badness of death, Welfare loss, Discounting, Deprivation account, Epicureanism, Global burden of disease, Health priorities, Morbidity, Time-relative interest account

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- by Carl Tollef Solberg and +1
  Espen Gamlund
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- 5
  Applied Ethics, Bioethics, Death, Medical Ethics

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