The Visegrád states - Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - place great value on the... more The Visegrád states - Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - place great value on their separate policy towards Israel. Here, there are more than just economic interests at stake. The Israel policy of the four states also reflects the fact that they place particular importance on a nation state that is sovereign with regard to both domestic and foreign policy. Thus, their policy towards Israel is at the same time symbolic European policy and a part of the anything but uniform Israel policy of the EU. This applies in particular to Hungary and Poland, where the governments in power are also closest to Netanyahu’s government in Israel both politically and in terms of their worldview. Poland, like Israel, also places great importance on its relations with the US. At the same time, the history policy in Warsaw is a source of conflict with Jerusalem, with its emphasis on Polish heroes and victims.Die Visegrád-Staaten Polen, Ungarn, Tschechien und Slowakei legen Wert auf eine e...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The aim of the chapter is to answer the question about the scope and consequences of the process ... more The aim of the chapter is to answer the question about the scope and consequences of the process of Europeanization of the EU energy policy. The phenomenon is caused not only by the pressure from Brussels, but, most of all, by challenges and threats from outside the European system. The point of reference adopted for this article is the European Union (EU) itself, seen both as a source and result of the Europeanization process. The chapter begins with an overview of the body of work on Europeanization and the impact of European integration on energy policies of EU Member States. It then proceeds to adapting theoretical assumptions established in the existing literature for the purpose of analysing the Europeanization of the EU energy policy. Based on the proposals from M. Smith and R. Ladrech, the author identifies changes that have occurred due to the process of Europeanization and illustrates them with examples. In addition, the main part of this paper presents various dimensions of the process that are relevant to the energy sector. Among other matters, it considers the issue of links between the energy policy and other policies subjected to Europeanization – primarily, the economic and environmental policies.
This paper is dedicated to the phenomenon of European foreign policy system – analysed in the pro... more This paper is dedicated to the phenomenon of European foreign policy system – analysed in the processual context. Broadly defined processes of European integration affect the status of the main actors in the system. The point of reference in this study is provided by the European Union (EU) which is considered to be a source of systemic changes. However, the Member States are equally important, as well as their feedback in respect to the EU activity in the international environment of the European system. For the purpose of this study, the author has raised the question about the consequences the implementation of the Lisbon Treaty (LT) with regard to the position of sovereign states in the international system. Furthermore, it is important to look at the problem of coherence and effectiveness of the post-Lisbon solutions. The theoretical framework is provided by the synthesis of the Europeanisation concept with the realist paradigm of international relations. Such synthesis allows the author to analyse the nature and character of contemporary European states, still considered as the main actors of the European system. Therefore, it is worth to search for an answer as to why the EU member states are willing to limit the scope of their sovereignty and to what extent they are ready to share their competences in the field of foreign policy with EU supranational institutions
There has been considerable debate surrounding the nature of the European Union's international c... more There has been considerable debate surrounding the nature of the European Union's international capacity. Early conceptions of the Union as a civilian or non-military actordominated early thinking, characterising the Union as a new kind of international actor. 1. Others 2 , meanwhile argued that this simply sought to make a virtue of weakness and that if the Union were ever to be taken seriously, then it would have to develop a full-spectrum military capacity. That debate, in a somewhat different form, continues today. The 'civilian power' thesis 3 has evolved to one in which the Union continues to be posited as a new kind of international actor, but now as one which is somehow uniquely capable or uniquely configured as effective exporter of norms and values in the international system 4. Others insist that only as the Union develops its nascent military capacity can it begin to shoulder real international responsibilities. 5 Within this second debate exist more polemical positions on the adverse, or other, consequences of the 'militarization' of the Union's international profile and transatlantic arguments surrounding a division of labour between the US and EU in delivering 'hard' and 'soft' security capacity. This paper will outline and critically engage these debates. It will conclude that while the Union remains a distinctive international actor, the trajectory of its development may suggest the pursuit of an 'enlightened power' model.
Israel’s policy toward the region of East-Central Europe (ECE) started changing notably from 2004... more Israel’s policy toward the region of East-Central Europe (ECE) started changing notably from 2004 onward, in response to the European Union (EU) enlargement process. The following years brought a further development of Israel’s position toward the region and substantial changes in Israel’s European policy. This article aims to track this evolution: not only Israel’s position but also the shape as well as the content of bilateral and multilateral relations between Israel and selected ECE states. For the purpose of this analysis, special attention is paid to Israel’s relations with Poland and Hungary, with primary focus on Israel’s approaches and policy orientations. The article argues that while the ideological changes that occurred almost simultaneously in Poland, Israel, and Hungary at first created favorable conditions for the strengthening of bilateral and multilateral relations between all three countries, they soon became a divisive factor and obstacles to cooperation.
This article bridges between the de-Europeanization framework and works on populism to theorize a... more This article bridges between the de-Europeanization framework and works on populism to theorize about de-Europeanization dynamics and their potential drivers. Empirically, the article explores Polish foreign policy under the PiS government for the case of EU-foreign policy cooperation toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As a highly Europeanized foreign policy issue and longstanding EU priority, the Israeli Palestinian conflict constitutes an interesting case for the emerging research agenda on foreign policy de-Europeanization. Whilst Poland's traditional support for the EU's common approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been part of its wider Europeanization experience, we argue that under PiS government Poland's foreign policy has changed in important ways, showing signs of de-Europeanization. These changes have been driven by both, ideologically informed preferences of the Law and Justice led government as well as external expectations and pressures.
The Visegrád states - Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - place great value on the... more The Visegrád states - Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - place great value on their separate policy towards Israel. Here, there are more than just economic interests at stake. The Israel policy of the four states also reflects the fact that they place particular importance on a nation state that is sovereign with regard to both domestic and foreign policy. Thus, their policy towards Israel is at the same time symbolic European policy and a part of the anything but uniform Israel policy of the EU. This applies in particular to Hungary and Poland, where the governments in power are also closest to Netanyahu’s government in Israel both politically and in terms of their worldview. Poland, like Israel, also places great importance on its relations with the US. At the same time, the history policy in Warsaw is a source of conflict with Jerusalem, with its emphasis on Polish heroes and victims.Die Visegrád-Staaten Polen, Ungarn, Tschechien und Slowakei legen Wert auf eine e...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The aim of the chapter is to answer the question about the scope and consequences of the process ... more The aim of the chapter is to answer the question about the scope and consequences of the process of Europeanization of the EU energy policy. The phenomenon is caused not only by the pressure from Brussels, but, most of all, by challenges and threats from outside the European system. The point of reference adopted for this article is the European Union (EU) itself, seen both as a source and result of the Europeanization process. The chapter begins with an overview of the body of work on Europeanization and the impact of European integration on energy policies of EU Member States. It then proceeds to adapting theoretical assumptions established in the existing literature for the purpose of analysing the Europeanization of the EU energy policy. Based on the proposals from M. Smith and R. Ladrech, the author identifies changes that have occurred due to the process of Europeanization and illustrates them with examples. In addition, the main part of this paper presents various dimensions of the process that are relevant to the energy sector. Among other matters, it considers the issue of links between the energy policy and other policies subjected to Europeanization – primarily, the economic and environmental policies.
This paper is dedicated to the phenomenon of European foreign policy system – analysed in the pro... more This paper is dedicated to the phenomenon of European foreign policy system – analysed in the processual context. Broadly defined processes of European integration affect the status of the main actors in the system. The point of reference in this study is provided by the European Union (EU) which is considered to be a source of systemic changes. However, the Member States are equally important, as well as their feedback in respect to the EU activity in the international environment of the European system. For the purpose of this study, the author has raised the question about the consequences the implementation of the Lisbon Treaty (LT) with regard to the position of sovereign states in the international system. Furthermore, it is important to look at the problem of coherence and effectiveness of the post-Lisbon solutions. The theoretical framework is provided by the synthesis of the Europeanisation concept with the realist paradigm of international relations. Such synthesis allows the author to analyse the nature and character of contemporary European states, still considered as the main actors of the European system. Therefore, it is worth to search for an answer as to why the EU member states are willing to limit the scope of their sovereignty and to what extent they are ready to share their competences in the field of foreign policy with EU supranational institutions
There has been considerable debate surrounding the nature of the European Union's international c... more There has been considerable debate surrounding the nature of the European Union's international capacity. Early conceptions of the Union as a civilian or non-military actordominated early thinking, characterising the Union as a new kind of international actor. 1. Others 2 , meanwhile argued that this simply sought to make a virtue of weakness and that if the Union were ever to be taken seriously, then it would have to develop a full-spectrum military capacity. That debate, in a somewhat different form, continues today. The 'civilian power' thesis 3 has evolved to one in which the Union continues to be posited as a new kind of international actor, but now as one which is somehow uniquely capable or uniquely configured as effective exporter of norms and values in the international system 4. Others insist that only as the Union develops its nascent military capacity can it begin to shoulder real international responsibilities. 5 Within this second debate exist more polemical positions on the adverse, or other, consequences of the 'militarization' of the Union's international profile and transatlantic arguments surrounding a division of labour between the US and EU in delivering 'hard' and 'soft' security capacity. This paper will outline and critically engage these debates. It will conclude that while the Union remains a distinctive international actor, the trajectory of its development may suggest the pursuit of an 'enlightened power' model.
Israel’s policy toward the region of East-Central Europe (ECE) started changing notably from 2004... more Israel’s policy toward the region of East-Central Europe (ECE) started changing notably from 2004 onward, in response to the European Union (EU) enlargement process. The following years brought a further development of Israel’s position toward the region and substantial changes in Israel’s European policy. This article aims to track this evolution: not only Israel’s position but also the shape as well as the content of bilateral and multilateral relations between Israel and selected ECE states. For the purpose of this analysis, special attention is paid to Israel’s relations with Poland and Hungary, with primary focus on Israel’s approaches and policy orientations. The article argues that while the ideological changes that occurred almost simultaneously in Poland, Israel, and Hungary at first created favorable conditions for the strengthening of bilateral and multilateral relations between all three countries, they soon became a divisive factor and obstacles to cooperation.
This article bridges between the de-Europeanization framework and works on populism to theorize a... more This article bridges between the de-Europeanization framework and works on populism to theorize about de-Europeanization dynamics and their potential drivers. Empirically, the article explores Polish foreign policy under the PiS government for the case of EU-foreign policy cooperation toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As a highly Europeanized foreign policy issue and longstanding EU priority, the Israeli Palestinian conflict constitutes an interesting case for the emerging research agenda on foreign policy de-Europeanization. Whilst Poland's traditional support for the EU's common approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been part of its wider Europeanization experience, we argue that under PiS government Poland's foreign policy has changed in important ways, showing signs of de-Europeanization. These changes have been driven by both, ideologically informed preferences of the Law and Justice led government as well as external expectations and pressures.
Monografia jest poświęcona wpływowi integracji europejskiej na politykę zagraniczną Polski w wymi... more Monografia jest poświęcona wpływowi integracji europejskiej na politykę zagraniczną Polski w wymiarze europejskim i globalnym. Autorka w opracowaniu podjęła między innymi próbę określenia preferencji Polski wobec trendów rozwojowych zachodzących w Unii Europejskiej, starając się wykazać, jak skutecznie Polska realizowała własne interesy w kontekście zajmowanego przez nią miejsca w strukturze instytucjonalno-prawnej organizacji. W konsekwencji przedmiotem rozważań była między innymi kwestia, w jakim stopniu Polska świadomie i efektywnie współkształtowała unijną politykę zagraniczną i polityki ściśle powiązane z tak zwanymi stosunkami zewnętrznymi UE. Szczególne miejsce w książce zajęła analiza dwustronnych stosunków Polski z innymi państwami UE (Niemcami, Francją, Litwą, Republika Czeską oraz Słowacją) i wybranymi krajami spoza UE (Stanami Zjednoczonymi i Izraelem oraz Rosją, Białorusią i Ukrainą). Zagadnienie to rozpatrywane było przez pryzmat interesów własnych Rzeczypospolitej w zetknięciu z interesami pozostałych graczy w systemie międzynarodowym.
Europeanization Processes from the Mesoeconomic Perspective: Industries and PoliciesEuropeanization Processes from the Mesoeconomic Perspective: Industries and Policies, Jul 2015
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