Drawing on Tilly’s notion of “repertoire of action,” this article shows how the evolution of the ... more Drawing on Tilly’s notion of “repertoire of action,” this article shows how the evolution of the global jihadist movement’s communicative action repertoire has increased the potential resonance of its discourse. It foresees the construction of the global jihadist movement’s discourse of mobilization as the result of the evolution of its network of actors, the context in which its communications are undertaken, and its adaptation to new communication technologies. Accordingly, it argues that the decentralization of the global jihadist movement has led to a widening of its communicative action repertoire and a diversification of its discourse offering.
La littérature scientifique sur la police et la sécurité a
beaucoup évolué au cours des dernières... more La littérature scientifique sur la police et la sécurité a beaucoup évolué au cours des dernières décennies, et les articles et numéros spéciaux de la revue Criminologie offrent un important portrait de ce phénomène. Quatre grandes familles d’études ont traversé les 50 dernières années de cette revue alors que se chevauchent des études sur les fondements d’une criminologie critique de la police, son évaluation quantitative, les transformations du marché de la sécurité et le développement d’un policing plus diversifié et internationalisé. Dans cet article, nous analysons quantitativement et qualitativement le contenu des articles afin de mettre en lumière les principales influences et retombées associées à ces quatre aspects. Cette revue de la littérature permet de circonscrire ces différents champs d’études et de les remettre en contexte avec d’importants événements ayant influencé l’évolution de la police comme acteurs de contrôle social dans nos sociétés.
This article explores the social and market dynamics of Darkode, an invitation-only cybercrime fo... more This article explores the social and market dynamics of Darkode, an invitation-only cybercrime forum that was dismantled by the FBI in July 2015 and was described by a U.S. Attorney as “the most sophisticated English-speaking forum for criminal computer hackers in the world.” Based on a leaked database of 4,788 discussion threads, we examine the selection process through which 344 potential new members introduced themselves to the community in order to be accepted into this exclusive group. Using a qualitative approach, we attempt to assess whether this rigorous procedure significantly enhanced the trust between traders, and therefore, contributed to the efficiency of this online illicit marketplace. We find that trust remained elusive and interactions were often fraught with suspicion and accusations. Even hackers who were considered successful faced significant challenges in trying to profit from the sale of malicious software and stolen data.
RÉSUMÉ • La théorie des scripts permet une compréhension séquentielle de la crimina-lité sous dif... more RÉSUMÉ • La théorie des scripts permet une compréhension séquentielle de la crimina-lité sous différentes formes. Alors que traditionnellement les chercheurs se sont inté-ressés aux crimes contre la propriété puis aux crimes contre la personne, la présente étude vise l'analyse d'une nouvelle forme de criminalité, soit celle commise au moyen d'Internet. L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner, à partir d'une recension des écrits scientifiques, la manière dont la consommation de pornographie juvénile peut être comprise selon une perspective dynamique. Il y est avancé que le consommateur de pornographie juvénile motivé, en acquérant de nouvelles connaissances et techniques, traverse nombre d'étapes et d'obstacles le menant ultimement à l'agression sexuelle d'enfants. Il est toutefois important de noter que seule une petite partie des individus s'engageront dans les étapes subséquentes du script et que l'accent est mis sur le contexte et non sur les liens de causalité qui unissent les étapes puisque leur existence reste à démontrer. Plus précisément, les cheminements de la consommation de pornographie adulte à la pornographie juvénile, à la distribution de ce type de matériel, au leurre d’enfant et, enfin, au basculement dans le réel, soit l’agression d’enfant et la production de pornographie juvénile seront détaillés. Les limites et les implications de l’étude seront discutées.
Much has been written about the governance of crime – indeed, this is the thread that has unified... more Much has been written about the governance of crime – indeed, this is the thread that has unified criminology. Yet, property crimes and attacks against individuals – traditionally at the core of the discipline – are plummeting in many societies. Meanwhile, harms and harm management emerge outside the narrowness of criminal justice definitions. Despite this, little criminological attention has been paid to the fact that the security of flows increasingly embodies concerns that are at the heart of contemporary policing practices. This introduction to this special issue takes stock of these changes and argues that to stay current and relevant, criminology must pay closer attention to these changing landscapes of harms and policing.
Security network research has grown considerably in the last decade as it has been increasingly r... more Security network research has grown considerably in the last decade as it has been increasingly recognised that security is pursued through networks of public, private and hybrid actors or nodes. This research deals with local, institutional, international and virtual security networks and includes techniques such as social network analysis and approaches more familiar to organisational theory and management. However, much of the security network research employs the network concept as a metaphor to suggest a relationship between a set of security nodes, without examining the structural pattern of these relationships or the underlying properties of security networks. Different uses of the network concept have led to confusion about the application of network theory across the security field. This article attempts to address these issues by clarifying the fundamental concepts of a network perspective and revisiting existing typologies of security networks. We review research on the use of network perspectives across the security field, evaluate theoretical and empirical trends, and give directions for future research. We examine the geographical properties of security networks operating at the subnational, national and transnational levels and put forward four types of networks that have the potential to improve security network research: information exchange networks, knowledge generating networks, problem-solving networks and coordination networks. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of networks for understanding and promoting the governance of security.
Botnets currently pose the most serious threat to the digital ecosystem, providing an infrastruct... more Botnets currently pose the most serious threat to the digital ecosystem, providing an infrastructure that enables bank fraud, distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS), and click fraud. During the past few years, three main approaches have been used to fight botnets. First, police organizations have periodically arrested prominent hackers and scammers, hoping such high-profile operations would have a deterrent effect. Second, Microsoft has performed a number of takedowns, using an innovative blend of legal and technical means that attempt to disrupt botnet operations and reduce their profitability. Third, some countries – Japan, South Korea, Australia, the Netherlands, and Germany – encourage harm reduction strategies that rely on public-private partnerships involving internet service providers, anti-virus companies, and regulatory authorities. This article describes these three approaches (incapacitation, disruption, and harm reduction), the challenges they face, and their respective effectiveness in protecting the digital ecosystem from large-scale online harm.
L’une des caractéristiques fondamentales de la délinquance numérique est sa nature transnationale... more L’une des caractéristiques fondamentales de la délinquance numérique est sa nature transnationale, qui semble constituer un obstacle majeur à l’harmonisation et la coordination de ressources policières, par définition locales. L’étude empirique de la gouvernance internationale du cybercrime nous offre cependant une image bien différente de la situation. Cet article utilise la méthode de l’analyse des réseaux sociaux (ARS) afin de modéliser la structure polycentrique des acteurs et des initiatives qui incarnent la coopération anti-cybercriminalité. En se basant sur un corpus de 657 acteurs organisationnels participant à 51 initiatives, on applique la technique des réseaux d’affiliation (ou réseaux à deux dimensions) pour mesurer la cohésion du réseau global, identifier les acteurs publics et privés occupant un rôle central dans ce dispositif, ainsi que ceux jouant un rôle d’intermédiaire (ou de broker) entre des sous-groupes géographiques ou fonctionnels relativement segmentés.
Le dilemme de la confiance auquel sont confrontés les délinquants en ligne est souvent sous-estim... more Le dilemme de la confiance auquel sont confrontés les délinquants en ligne est souvent sous-estimé par ceux qui étudient les transformations que la révolution numérique a provoquées sur la criminalité. Pourtant, dans un contexte où une diversité d’expertises techniques et organisationnelles doit converger afin de mener des projets lucratifs, les liens de confiance jouent un rôle déterminant permettant d’écarter les partenaires à la fiabilité douteuse et de stabiliser les collaborations afin d’améliorer la performance criminelle. À travers deux études de cas portant sur un réseau de hackers démantelé au Québec en 2008 et le principal forum de discussion de pirates informatiques observés pendant 27 mois de 2009 à 2011, cet article illustre les défis concrets auxquels les cybercriminels sont confrontés dans l’attribution et le maintien de la confiance à des pairs qui ont de nombreuses raisons de faire défection sans risques de sanctions. La nature fragile et éphémère des liens de confiance est notamment analysée, ainsi que le rôle joué par des normes culturelles transgressives qui empêchent les communautés de hackers de profiter pleinement des avantages des outils de gestion automatisée des réputations.
Malicious hackers profit from the division of labour among highly skilled associates. However, du... more Malicious hackers profit from the division of labour among highly skilled associates. However, duplicity and betrayal form an intrinsic part of their daily operations. This article examines how a community of hackers uses an automated reputation system to enhance trust among its members. We analyse 449,478 feedbacks collected over 27 months that rate the trustworthiness of 29,985 individuals belonging to the largest computer hacking forum. Only a tiny fraction of the forum membership (2.4%) participates in the vast majority (75%) of ‘trust exchanges’, limiting its utility. We observe a reporting bias where the propensity to report positive outcomes is 2.81 times greater among beginner hackers than among forum administrators. Reputation systems do not protect against trust decay caused here by the rapid expansion of the community. Finally, a qualitative analysis of 25,000 randomly selected feedbacks indicates that a diverse set of behaviours, skills and attitudes trigger assessments of trustworthiness.
Page 1. The New Face of Police Governance in Australia Benoît Dupont Over the past twenty years, ... more Page 1. The New Face of Police Governance in Australia Benoît Dupont Over the past twenty years, Australian police services have been exposed to the scrutiny of royal commissions, which have uncovered a disturbing pattern of corruption and inefficiency. ...
Drawing on Tilly’s notion of “repertoire of action,” this article shows how the evolution of the ... more Drawing on Tilly’s notion of “repertoire of action,” this article shows how the evolution of the global jihadist movement’s communicative action repertoire has increased the potential resonance of its discourse. It foresees the construction of the global jihadist movement’s discourse of mobilization as the result of the evolution of its network of actors, the context in which its communications are undertaken, and its adaptation to new communication technologies. Accordingly, it argues that the decentralization of the global jihadist movement has led to a widening of its communicative action repertoire and a diversification of its discourse offering.
La littérature scientifique sur la police et la sécurité a
beaucoup évolué au cours des dernières... more La littérature scientifique sur la police et la sécurité a beaucoup évolué au cours des dernières décennies, et les articles et numéros spéciaux de la revue Criminologie offrent un important portrait de ce phénomène. Quatre grandes familles d’études ont traversé les 50 dernières années de cette revue alors que se chevauchent des études sur les fondements d’une criminologie critique de la police, son évaluation quantitative, les transformations du marché de la sécurité et le développement d’un policing plus diversifié et internationalisé. Dans cet article, nous analysons quantitativement et qualitativement le contenu des articles afin de mettre en lumière les principales influences et retombées associées à ces quatre aspects. Cette revue de la littérature permet de circonscrire ces différents champs d’études et de les remettre en contexte avec d’importants événements ayant influencé l’évolution de la police comme acteurs de contrôle social dans nos sociétés.
This article explores the social and market dynamics of Darkode, an invitation-only cybercrime fo... more This article explores the social and market dynamics of Darkode, an invitation-only cybercrime forum that was dismantled by the FBI in July 2015 and was described by a U.S. Attorney as “the most sophisticated English-speaking forum for criminal computer hackers in the world.” Based on a leaked database of 4,788 discussion threads, we examine the selection process through which 344 potential new members introduced themselves to the community in order to be accepted into this exclusive group. Using a qualitative approach, we attempt to assess whether this rigorous procedure significantly enhanced the trust between traders, and therefore, contributed to the efficiency of this online illicit marketplace. We find that trust remained elusive and interactions were often fraught with suspicion and accusations. Even hackers who were considered successful faced significant challenges in trying to profit from the sale of malicious software and stolen data.
RÉSUMÉ • La théorie des scripts permet une compréhension séquentielle de la crimina-lité sous dif... more RÉSUMÉ • La théorie des scripts permet une compréhension séquentielle de la crimina-lité sous différentes formes. Alors que traditionnellement les chercheurs se sont inté-ressés aux crimes contre la propriété puis aux crimes contre la personne, la présente étude vise l'analyse d'une nouvelle forme de criminalité, soit celle commise au moyen d'Internet. L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner, à partir d'une recension des écrits scientifiques, la manière dont la consommation de pornographie juvénile peut être comprise selon une perspective dynamique. Il y est avancé que le consommateur de pornographie juvénile motivé, en acquérant de nouvelles connaissances et techniques, traverse nombre d'étapes et d'obstacles le menant ultimement à l'agression sexuelle d'enfants. Il est toutefois important de noter que seule une petite partie des individus s'engageront dans les étapes subséquentes du script et que l'accent est mis sur le contexte et non sur les liens de causalité qui unissent les étapes puisque leur existence reste à démontrer. Plus précisément, les cheminements de la consommation de pornographie adulte à la pornographie juvénile, à la distribution de ce type de matériel, au leurre d’enfant et, enfin, au basculement dans le réel, soit l’agression d’enfant et la production de pornographie juvénile seront détaillés. Les limites et les implications de l’étude seront discutées.
Much has been written about the governance of crime – indeed, this is the thread that has unified... more Much has been written about the governance of crime – indeed, this is the thread that has unified criminology. Yet, property crimes and attacks against individuals – traditionally at the core of the discipline – are plummeting in many societies. Meanwhile, harms and harm management emerge outside the narrowness of criminal justice definitions. Despite this, little criminological attention has been paid to the fact that the security of flows increasingly embodies concerns that are at the heart of contemporary policing practices. This introduction to this special issue takes stock of these changes and argues that to stay current and relevant, criminology must pay closer attention to these changing landscapes of harms and policing.
Security network research has grown considerably in the last decade as it has been increasingly r... more Security network research has grown considerably in the last decade as it has been increasingly recognised that security is pursued through networks of public, private and hybrid actors or nodes. This research deals with local, institutional, international and virtual security networks and includes techniques such as social network analysis and approaches more familiar to organisational theory and management. However, much of the security network research employs the network concept as a metaphor to suggest a relationship between a set of security nodes, without examining the structural pattern of these relationships or the underlying properties of security networks. Different uses of the network concept have led to confusion about the application of network theory across the security field. This article attempts to address these issues by clarifying the fundamental concepts of a network perspective and revisiting existing typologies of security networks. We review research on the use of network perspectives across the security field, evaluate theoretical and empirical trends, and give directions for future research. We examine the geographical properties of security networks operating at the subnational, national and transnational levels and put forward four types of networks that have the potential to improve security network research: information exchange networks, knowledge generating networks, problem-solving networks and coordination networks. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of networks for understanding and promoting the governance of security.
Botnets currently pose the most serious threat to the digital ecosystem, providing an infrastruct... more Botnets currently pose the most serious threat to the digital ecosystem, providing an infrastructure that enables bank fraud, distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS), and click fraud. During the past few years, three main approaches have been used to fight botnets. First, police organizations have periodically arrested prominent hackers and scammers, hoping such high-profile operations would have a deterrent effect. Second, Microsoft has performed a number of takedowns, using an innovative blend of legal and technical means that attempt to disrupt botnet operations and reduce their profitability. Third, some countries – Japan, South Korea, Australia, the Netherlands, and Germany – encourage harm reduction strategies that rely on public-private partnerships involving internet service providers, anti-virus companies, and regulatory authorities. This article describes these three approaches (incapacitation, disruption, and harm reduction), the challenges they face, and their respective effectiveness in protecting the digital ecosystem from large-scale online harm.
L’une des caractéristiques fondamentales de la délinquance numérique est sa nature transnationale... more L’une des caractéristiques fondamentales de la délinquance numérique est sa nature transnationale, qui semble constituer un obstacle majeur à l’harmonisation et la coordination de ressources policières, par définition locales. L’étude empirique de la gouvernance internationale du cybercrime nous offre cependant une image bien différente de la situation. Cet article utilise la méthode de l’analyse des réseaux sociaux (ARS) afin de modéliser la structure polycentrique des acteurs et des initiatives qui incarnent la coopération anti-cybercriminalité. En se basant sur un corpus de 657 acteurs organisationnels participant à 51 initiatives, on applique la technique des réseaux d’affiliation (ou réseaux à deux dimensions) pour mesurer la cohésion du réseau global, identifier les acteurs publics et privés occupant un rôle central dans ce dispositif, ainsi que ceux jouant un rôle d’intermédiaire (ou de broker) entre des sous-groupes géographiques ou fonctionnels relativement segmentés.
Le dilemme de la confiance auquel sont confrontés les délinquants en ligne est souvent sous-estim... more Le dilemme de la confiance auquel sont confrontés les délinquants en ligne est souvent sous-estimé par ceux qui étudient les transformations que la révolution numérique a provoquées sur la criminalité. Pourtant, dans un contexte où une diversité d’expertises techniques et organisationnelles doit converger afin de mener des projets lucratifs, les liens de confiance jouent un rôle déterminant permettant d’écarter les partenaires à la fiabilité douteuse et de stabiliser les collaborations afin d’améliorer la performance criminelle. À travers deux études de cas portant sur un réseau de hackers démantelé au Québec en 2008 et le principal forum de discussion de pirates informatiques observés pendant 27 mois de 2009 à 2011, cet article illustre les défis concrets auxquels les cybercriminels sont confrontés dans l’attribution et le maintien de la confiance à des pairs qui ont de nombreuses raisons de faire défection sans risques de sanctions. La nature fragile et éphémère des liens de confiance est notamment analysée, ainsi que le rôle joué par des normes culturelles transgressives qui empêchent les communautés de hackers de profiter pleinement des avantages des outils de gestion automatisée des réputations.
Malicious hackers profit from the division of labour among highly skilled associates. However, du... more Malicious hackers profit from the division of labour among highly skilled associates. However, duplicity and betrayal form an intrinsic part of their daily operations. This article examines how a community of hackers uses an automated reputation system to enhance trust among its members. We analyse 449,478 feedbacks collected over 27 months that rate the trustworthiness of 29,985 individuals belonging to the largest computer hacking forum. Only a tiny fraction of the forum membership (2.4%) participates in the vast majority (75%) of ‘trust exchanges’, limiting its utility. We observe a reporting bias where the propensity to report positive outcomes is 2.81 times greater among beginner hackers than among forum administrators. Reputation systems do not protect against trust decay caused here by the rapid expansion of the community. Finally, a qualitative analysis of 25,000 randomly selected feedbacks indicates that a diverse set of behaviours, skills and attitudes trigger assessments of trustworthiness.
Page 1. The New Face of Police Governance in Australia Benoît Dupont Over the past twenty years, ... more Page 1. The New Face of Police Governance in Australia Benoît Dupont Over the past twenty years, Australian police services have been exposed to the scrutiny of royal commissions, which have uncovered a disturbing pattern of corruption and inefficiency. ...
Much has been written about the governance of crime – indeed, this is the thread that has unified... more Much has been written about the governance of crime – indeed, this is the thread that has unified criminology. Yet, property crimes and attacks against individuals – traditionally at the core of the discipline – are plummeting in many societies. Meanwhile, harms and harm management emerge outside the narrowness of crim- inal justice definitions. Despite this, little criminological attention has been paid to the fact that the security of flows increasingly embodies concerns that are at the heart of contemporary policing practices. This introduction to this special issue takes stock of these changes and argues that to stay current and relevant, crim- inology must pay closer attention to these changing landscapes of harms and policing.
This article explores the intricacies of the local security network in France, identifying local ... more This article explores the intricacies of the local security network in France, identifying local security actors (nodes) in order to trace their formal and informal exchanges. We outline the workings of nodal governance by looking at the different groups created informally within the local security network to reveal how resources are exchanged between nodes. Three categories of nodes are identified: a first are the most involved nodes, those who lead the local security network; a second are security actors who, while active, do not participate at the same level as the leading team; the third are nodes that use more security than they provide. The characteristics of the first group are similar to those of the super structural nodes discussed by Burris, Drahos, and Shearing in 2005. The main characteristics of the operating mechanisms of these superstructural nodes are discussed.
Le dilemme de la confiance auquel sont confrontés les délinquants en ligne est souvent sous-‐est... more Le dilemme de la confiance auquel sont confrontés les délinquants en ligne est souvent sous-‐estimé par ceux qui étudient les transformations que la révolution numérique a provoqué sur la criminalité. Pourtant, dans un contexte où une diversité d'expertises techniques et organisationnelles doivent converger afin de mener des projets lucratifs, les liens de confiance jouent un rôle déterminant permettant d'écarter les partenaires à la fiabilité douteuse et de stabiliser les collaborations afin d'améliorer la performance criminelle. À travers deux études de cas portant sur un réseau de hackers démantelé au Québec en 2008 et le principal forum de discussion de pirates informatiques observé pendant 27 mois de 2009 à 2011, cet article illustre les défis concrets auxquels les cybercriminels sont confrontés dans l'attribution et le maintien de la confiance à des pairs qui ont de nombreuses raisons de faire défection sans risques de sanctions. La nature fragile et éphémère des liens de confiance est notamment analysée, ainsi que le rôle joué par des normes culturelles transgressives qui empêchent les communautés de hackers de profiter pleinement des avantages des outils de gestion automatisée des réputations. Version initiale du texte publié dans Réseaux, no. 197-‐198, pp. 109-‐136, 2016.
This article seeks to identify means of strengthening social control and conflict resolution in w... more This article seeks to identify means of strengthening social control and conflict resolution in weak and failing states. It begins by discussing the governance of public security in stronger states, and identifies three basic forms of engagement between state and non-state institutions that may contribute to the co-production of public security: coercion, sale and gift. The article then seeks to identify institutional arrangements that might be transplanted to those settings where conventional state institutions of security may be in decline, or non-existent. It also suggests how new institutions might be invented in settings where states may be dysfunctional or otherwise lacking in capacity. It develops a typology of security provision, including auspices that are public; public under private arrangements; collective or voluntary; private/national; private/international; and criminal. By identifying new mechanisms for the governance of security, it may be possible to arrest the deterioration of states, or at least provide for a modicum of internal security. The article concludes with a discussion of the Zwelethemba model of peacemaking and peacebuilding that is being developed in South Africa.
Society & Natural Resources An International Journal, 2020
Illustrating how mentalities govern private responses to risk, this article highlights the import... more Illustrating how mentalities govern private responses to risk, this article highlights the importance of mental frames in the selection of adaptation pathways. Scholarship emanating out of the Cape Town drought (2015–2018) has drawn attention to the effect of the drought on public mentalities and their response to the drought, transitional governance arrangements and off-grid responses to secure water supply. This article focusses on what mentalities and behaviors may not have changed for private actors that secured water through off-grid means. This is a contrarian view to the dominant drought response discourse, yet critical for understanding and charting future governance arrangements. While it is acknowledged that transforming frames have emerged from the drought and are enabling novel pathways, the article questions the distributional and transition effect of such shifts when considering gated actions that link with conventional or untransformed views and behaviors which themselves entrench alternative response pathways for the affluent.
Highlights Conventional frames govern private responses to risk. Mentalities drive the selection of available response technologies. Range of selected pathways indicate plural and differential views. Private off-grid and gated responses contest transformed views or behaviors.
Under conditions of protracted reduction in supply and heightened uncertainty, one of the notable... more Under conditions of protracted reduction in supply and heightened uncertainty, one of the notable responses to the Cape Town drought (2016-2018), was the proliferation of 'water resilience' in public and private discourses. Resilience was employed as an explanatory concept and governing tool, signalling a professed transition in the municipality's understandings to an altered climate episteme-or what they have called, a 'New Normal'. This article focuses on how public framings of resilience were used by the City of Cape Town to signal divorce from conventional approaches to climate and water. It contrasts conventional framings of a Holocene world, with those of a posited 'mentality of the Anthropocene' in order to elaborate this ostensible shift in mentality. Although this case study illustrates how public governors are finding utility in resilience as a term to facilitate explanation of their operating context, decisions and responses, contested and transitional mentalities elaborate why the municipality initially failed to anticipate, perceive and respond the drought. This article thereby highlights the cognitive tensions and practical challenges of transition for professionals patterned by conventional techno-managerial approaches, to a way of thinking more in line with reflexive and adaptive approaches anticipated to be necessary in an Anthropocene world.
Unmanned vehicles, surgical robots, industrial robots and other artificial Intelligence (AI) enti... more Unmanned vehicles, surgical robots, industrial robots and other artificial Intelligence (AI) entities are in common use across the globe. Such use may be personal, medical, military, commercial, or industrial. This research examines the current and future use of AI technologies and their potential impacts on major stakeholders in the criminal justice system. In this regard, this joint research of KIC and Université de Montréal is of great importance in helping to lead the way responsibly in applying AI to address criminal justice needs, such as identifying individuals and their actions in videos relating to criminal activity or public safety, DNA analysis, gunshot detection, and crime forecasting. This publication will help scholars and professionals around the world interested in AI for criminal justice purposes.
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Papers by Benoit Dupont
beaucoup évolué au cours des dernières décennies, et les
articles et numéros spéciaux de la revue Criminologie offrent
un important portrait de ce phénomène. Quatre grandes
familles d’études ont traversé les 50 dernières années de cette
revue alors que se chevauchent des études sur les fondements
d’une criminologie critique de la police, son évaluation
quantitative, les transformations du marché de la sécurité et le
développement d’un policing plus diversifié et
internationalisé. Dans cet article, nous analysons
quantitativement et qualitativement le contenu des articles
afin de mettre en lumière les principales influences et
retombées associées à ces quatre aspects. Cette revue de la
littérature permet de circonscrire ces différents champs
d’études et de les remettre en contexte avec d’importants
événements ayant influencé l’évolution de la police comme
acteurs de contrôle social dans nos sociétés.
beaucoup évolué au cours des dernières décennies, et les
articles et numéros spéciaux de la revue Criminologie offrent
un important portrait de ce phénomène. Quatre grandes
familles d’études ont traversé les 50 dernières années de cette
revue alors que se chevauchent des études sur les fondements
d’une criminologie critique de la police, son évaluation
quantitative, les transformations du marché de la sécurité et le
développement d’un policing plus diversifié et
internationalisé. Dans cet article, nous analysons
quantitativement et qualitativement le contenu des articles
afin de mettre en lumière les principales influences et
retombées associées à ces quatre aspects. Cette revue de la
littérature permet de circonscrire ces différents champs
d’études et de les remettre en contexte avec d’importants
événements ayant influencé l’évolution de la police comme
acteurs de contrôle social dans nos sociétés.
Highlights
Conventional frames govern private responses to risk.
Mentalities drive the selection of available response technologies.
Range of selected pathways indicate plural and differential views.
Private off-grid and gated responses contest transformed views or behaviors.
Keywords: Mentalities, transitions, technological pathways, Cape Town drought, climate gating, off-grid