We determined the influence of abiotic (topography and precipita- tion) and biotic (types of vege... more We determined the influence of abiotic (topography and precipita- tion) and biotic (types of vegetation) factors on the distribution of the terrestrial mammals of the Gulf of California region, including the states of Baja Califor- nia, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa and Nayarit, Mexico. A generalized lineal model nesting topography, precipitation, and vegetation best explained the distribution of the terrestrial
New Record of the Rock Squirrel (Spermophilus Variegatus) in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico
Southwest Naturalist, 2007
ABSTRACT Colectamos 3 especímenes de la ardilla de roca (Spermophilus variegatus) en San Francisc... more ABSTRACT Colectamos 3 especímenes de la ardilla de roca (Spermophilus variegatus) en San Francisco Cotahuixtla, Oaxaca, México, los cuales son los primeros registros de esta especie para el estado. Los nuevos registros amplían la distribución al sur por 85 km.
Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad Vol 76 No 001, Sep 23, 2011
Descripción: USING CAMERA-TRAPS IN JULY 2004, TWO NEW RECORDS OF THE TEPEZCUINTLE (AGOUTI PACA) W... more Descripción: USING CAMERA-TRAPS IN JULY 2004, TWO NEW RECORDS OF THE TEPEZCUINTLE (AGOUTI PACA) WERE OBTAINED IN THE NORTH OF THE STATE OF OAXACA, MEXICO. THIS RECORDS WIDEN THE DISTRIBUTIONAL RANGE ...
Se identificaron áreas de endemismo de mamíferos terrestres de México, usando modelos de nicho ec... more Se identificaron áreas de endemismo de mamíferos terrestres de México, usando modelos de nicho ecológico proyectados como distribuciones potenciales de especies, con el fin de comparar su desempeño respecto a análisis previos que usan datos puntuales de ocurrencia, incorporando el ajuste de Goloboff al Análisis de Parsimonia de Endemismos (PAE) para mejorar la identificación de áreas de endemismo. Se desarrollaron seis PAE, combinados o no con el ajuste de Goloboff (k=0 y 2) usando distribuciones potenciales de especies de 429 mamíferos terrestres sobrepuestas a 248 y 232 cuadros de 1º de latitud-longitud a lo largo del país. Se utilizaron los índices de consistencia (CI) y retención (RI) para identificar especies endémicas, posiblemente endémicas y características. Con base en el cladograma de consenso estricto con k=0, se identificaron siete áreas de endemismo definidas por dos o más especies: el Altiplano Mexicano, la Península de Baja California (con un patrón de endemismo anida...
Using camera-traps, two new records of margay (Leopardus wiedii) and two of lynx (Lynx rufus)were... more Using camera-traps, two new records of margay (Leopardus wiedii) and two of lynx (Lynx rufus)were obtained at the Biosphere Reserve de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Oaxaca, Mexico, in 2003 and 2004. These are the first records documenting the presence of both species in this reserve
Background: México is one of the world's centers of species diversity (richness) for Opuntia cact... more Background: México is one of the world's centers of species diversity (richness) for Opuntia cacti. Yet, in spite of their economic and ecological importance, Opuntia species remain poorly studied and protected in México. Many of the species are sparsely but widely distributed across the landscape and are subject to a variety of human uses, so devising implementable conservation plans for them presents formidable difficulties. Multi-criteria analysis can be used to design a spatially coherent conservation area network while permitting sustainable human usage.
We report the fi rst record of the Neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the Tehuacán-C... more We report the fi rst record of the Neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve of Oaxaca, Mexico. We collected scats from a locality located 80 km from a previous historical record of this species.
New Record of the Rock Squirrel (Spermophilus Variegatus) in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico
The Southwestern Naturalist, 2007
... In July 2003, we first observed the presence of rock squirrels in San Francisco Cotahuixtla, ... more ... In July 2003, we first observed the presence of rock squirrels in San Francisco Cotahuixtla, municipio of Nacaltepec, Oaxaca, at the southern limit of the of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (17°32′43.6″N, 96 ... (2008) Noteworthy records of margay, Leopardus wiedii and ...
We analyzed whether the spatial variation in mammal species richness reflects the southern bounda... more We analyzed whether the spatial variation in mammal species richness reflects the southern boundaries of the Nearctic region as previously established by endemism patterns. Records from 710 mammal species were drawn on a map of North America (from Canada and Alaska to Panama) gridded at 4 ° latitude-longitude. We evaluated the probable existence of unknown species through three richness estimators (Chao2, ICE, and Jack1), modeled the potential distribution of species, and mapped the predicted pattern of species richness through the number of coexisting potential distributions. The poorest grid cells are in the northern areas, whereas the richest ones are in the southern areas, coinciding with the pattern of collecting points. The average richness of 4 ° grid cells comprising the Nearctic region was 18 species, and the richest 4 ° grid cells had 150 species, coinciding with the 26 ° latitude. From the 406 mammal species of the Nearctic region, 104 are restricted to it, and 305 species situated south of it are not distributed in the region. The map of predicted richness shows the classical latitudinal diversity gradient, with the number of species increasing to the tropics. We conclude that the Nearctic region has a low mammal richness, with a richness pattern corresponding with previously described patterns of endemism, with a boundary situated at 26 ° -30 ° latitude.
We used ecological niche modelling projected as species' potential (based on the original vegetat... more We used ecological niche modelling projected as species' potential (based on the original vegetation map) and extant (based on the 2000 land use and vegetation map) distributions to analyse changes on patterns of endemism of terrestrial mammals occurring in Mexico. Based on the biogeographic method of Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity, we obtained cladograms under scenarios of species' potential distribution (t1) and extant distributions (t2). We found that the resolution of consensus cladogram in t2 was poorer, while there were more geographic synapomorphies in t1, and more autapomorphies in t2 due to a reduction of species' distributions as a consequence of deforestation. We defined a hierarchical regionalization with two regions with the cladogram of t1; a transitional zone, two subregions, five dominions, and 15 provinces. Conversely, the consensus cladogram of t2 had a basal trichotomy, and the position of the Sierra Madre Occidental changed compared with t1. In t1 and t2, the Yucatán Peninsula+Chiapas+Isthmus of Tehuantepec clade was maintained, although in t2 it was separated from the remaining areas of the country. The impact of deforestation on species distributions strongly affected the biogeographic regionalization of terrestrial mammals in Mexico.
Species distribution modelling has been a powerful tool to explore the potential distribution of ... more Species distribution modelling has been a powerful tool to explore the potential distribution of parasites in wildlife, being the basis of studies on biogeography. Vexillata spp. are intestinal nematodes found in several species of mammalian hosts, such as rodents (Geomyoidea) and hares (Leporidae) in the Nearctic and northern Neotropical regions. In the present study, we modelled the potential distribution of Vexillata spp. and their hosts, using exclusively species from the Geomyidae and Heteromyidae families, in order to identify their distributional patterns. Bioclimatic and topographic variables were used to identify and predict suitable habitats for Vexillata and its hosts. Using these models, we identified that temperature seasonality is a significant environmental factor that influences the distribution of the parasite genus and its host. In particular, the geographical distribution is estimated to be larger than that predicted for its hosts. This suggests that the nematode has the potential to extend its geographical range and also its spectrum of host species. Increasing sample size and geographical coverage will contribute to recommendations for conservation of this host -parasite system. *
Oaxaca, located in south-west México within the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, holds exceptio... more Oaxaca, located in south-west México within the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, holds exceptionally high biodiversity for several taxa, including mammals. It has four decreed natural protected areas (NPAs) covering 5% of its total area, but only three of these, covering only 0.2% of the area, are strictly protected as National Parks. The current study develops ecological niche models for 183 terrestrial mammals for use as biodiversity surrogates in a systematic conservation planning exercise. Forty-five of these species were selected on the basis of their being either endangered or threatened or otherwise listed under the Mexican Red List or because they were endemic to either Oaxaca or to Mexico. The niche models were constructed with a machine-learning algorithm (GARP, Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Prediction) and refined by restricting each model to sites with suitable vegetation and habitat patches contiguous with known occurrences of the species. If the entire predicted geographical distribution of each of the 45 species listed above is put under protection, the entire state of Oaxaca gets included. Therefore, we imposed different constraints on the maximum area that can be put under protection (5 -30% of the area of Oaxaca) and selected nominal conservation area networks based on different percentage representation targets for the species' modelled distributions based on their conservation status (10 -100%). The area selection utilized a rarityand complementarity-based algorithm (in the ResNet software package). The goal was to have as many as possible of the 45 species at risk meet their specified representation targets in the budgeted area. The methods developed here combine ecological niche modelling and area prioritization algorithms for integrated conservation planning in a protocol that is suitable for other highly biodiverse regions.
We determined the influence of abiotic (topography and precipita- tion) and biotic (types of vege... more We determined the influence of abiotic (topography and precipita- tion) and biotic (types of vegetation) factors on the distribution of the terrestrial mammals of the Gulf of California region, including the states of Baja Califor- nia, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa and Nayarit, Mexico. A generalized lineal model nesting topography, precipitation, and vegetation best explained the distribution of the terrestrial
New Record of the Rock Squirrel (Spermophilus Variegatus) in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico
Southwest Naturalist, 2007
ABSTRACT Colectamos 3 especímenes de la ardilla de roca (Spermophilus variegatus) en San Francisc... more ABSTRACT Colectamos 3 especímenes de la ardilla de roca (Spermophilus variegatus) en San Francisco Cotahuixtla, Oaxaca, México, los cuales son los primeros registros de esta especie para el estado. Los nuevos registros amplían la distribución al sur por 85 km.
Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad Vol 76 No 001, Sep 23, 2011
Descripción: USING CAMERA-TRAPS IN JULY 2004, TWO NEW RECORDS OF THE TEPEZCUINTLE (AGOUTI PACA) W... more Descripción: USING CAMERA-TRAPS IN JULY 2004, TWO NEW RECORDS OF THE TEPEZCUINTLE (AGOUTI PACA) WERE OBTAINED IN THE NORTH OF THE STATE OF OAXACA, MEXICO. THIS RECORDS WIDEN THE DISTRIBUTIONAL RANGE ...
Se identificaron áreas de endemismo de mamíferos terrestres de México, usando modelos de nicho ec... more Se identificaron áreas de endemismo de mamíferos terrestres de México, usando modelos de nicho ecológico proyectados como distribuciones potenciales de especies, con el fin de comparar su desempeño respecto a análisis previos que usan datos puntuales de ocurrencia, incorporando el ajuste de Goloboff al Análisis de Parsimonia de Endemismos (PAE) para mejorar la identificación de áreas de endemismo. Se desarrollaron seis PAE, combinados o no con el ajuste de Goloboff (k=0 y 2) usando distribuciones potenciales de especies de 429 mamíferos terrestres sobrepuestas a 248 y 232 cuadros de 1º de latitud-longitud a lo largo del país. Se utilizaron los índices de consistencia (CI) y retención (RI) para identificar especies endémicas, posiblemente endémicas y características. Con base en el cladograma de consenso estricto con k=0, se identificaron siete áreas de endemismo definidas por dos o más especies: el Altiplano Mexicano, la Península de Baja California (con un patrón de endemismo anida...
Using camera-traps, two new records of margay (Leopardus wiedii) and two of lynx (Lynx rufus)were... more Using camera-traps, two new records of margay (Leopardus wiedii) and two of lynx (Lynx rufus)were obtained at the Biosphere Reserve de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Oaxaca, Mexico, in 2003 and 2004. These are the first records documenting the presence of both species in this reserve
Background: México is one of the world's centers of species diversity (richness) for Opuntia cact... more Background: México is one of the world's centers of species diversity (richness) for Opuntia cacti. Yet, in spite of their economic and ecological importance, Opuntia species remain poorly studied and protected in México. Many of the species are sparsely but widely distributed across the landscape and are subject to a variety of human uses, so devising implementable conservation plans for them presents formidable difficulties. Multi-criteria analysis can be used to design a spatially coherent conservation area network while permitting sustainable human usage.
We report the fi rst record of the Neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the Tehuacán-C... more We report the fi rst record of the Neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve of Oaxaca, Mexico. We collected scats from a locality located 80 km from a previous historical record of this species.
New Record of the Rock Squirrel (Spermophilus Variegatus) in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico
The Southwestern Naturalist, 2007
... In July 2003, we first observed the presence of rock squirrels in San Francisco Cotahuixtla, ... more ... In July 2003, we first observed the presence of rock squirrels in San Francisco Cotahuixtla, municipio of Nacaltepec, Oaxaca, at the southern limit of the of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (17°32′43.6″N, 96 ... (2008) Noteworthy records of margay, Leopardus wiedii and ...
We analyzed whether the spatial variation in mammal species richness reflects the southern bounda... more We analyzed whether the spatial variation in mammal species richness reflects the southern boundaries of the Nearctic region as previously established by endemism patterns. Records from 710 mammal species were drawn on a map of North America (from Canada and Alaska to Panama) gridded at 4 ° latitude-longitude. We evaluated the probable existence of unknown species through three richness estimators (Chao2, ICE, and Jack1), modeled the potential distribution of species, and mapped the predicted pattern of species richness through the number of coexisting potential distributions. The poorest grid cells are in the northern areas, whereas the richest ones are in the southern areas, coinciding with the pattern of collecting points. The average richness of 4 ° grid cells comprising the Nearctic region was 18 species, and the richest 4 ° grid cells had 150 species, coinciding with the 26 ° latitude. From the 406 mammal species of the Nearctic region, 104 are restricted to it, and 305 species situated south of it are not distributed in the region. The map of predicted richness shows the classical latitudinal diversity gradient, with the number of species increasing to the tropics. We conclude that the Nearctic region has a low mammal richness, with a richness pattern corresponding with previously described patterns of endemism, with a boundary situated at 26 ° -30 ° latitude.
We used ecological niche modelling projected as species' potential (based on the original vegetat... more We used ecological niche modelling projected as species' potential (based on the original vegetation map) and extant (based on the 2000 land use and vegetation map) distributions to analyse changes on patterns of endemism of terrestrial mammals occurring in Mexico. Based on the biogeographic method of Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity, we obtained cladograms under scenarios of species' potential distribution (t1) and extant distributions (t2). We found that the resolution of consensus cladogram in t2 was poorer, while there were more geographic synapomorphies in t1, and more autapomorphies in t2 due to a reduction of species' distributions as a consequence of deforestation. We defined a hierarchical regionalization with two regions with the cladogram of t1; a transitional zone, two subregions, five dominions, and 15 provinces. Conversely, the consensus cladogram of t2 had a basal trichotomy, and the position of the Sierra Madre Occidental changed compared with t1. In t1 and t2, the Yucatán Peninsula+Chiapas+Isthmus of Tehuantepec clade was maintained, although in t2 it was separated from the remaining areas of the country. The impact of deforestation on species distributions strongly affected the biogeographic regionalization of terrestrial mammals in Mexico.
Species distribution modelling has been a powerful tool to explore the potential distribution of ... more Species distribution modelling has been a powerful tool to explore the potential distribution of parasites in wildlife, being the basis of studies on biogeography. Vexillata spp. are intestinal nematodes found in several species of mammalian hosts, such as rodents (Geomyoidea) and hares (Leporidae) in the Nearctic and northern Neotropical regions. In the present study, we modelled the potential distribution of Vexillata spp. and their hosts, using exclusively species from the Geomyidae and Heteromyidae families, in order to identify their distributional patterns. Bioclimatic and topographic variables were used to identify and predict suitable habitats for Vexillata and its hosts. Using these models, we identified that temperature seasonality is a significant environmental factor that influences the distribution of the parasite genus and its host. In particular, the geographical distribution is estimated to be larger than that predicted for its hosts. This suggests that the nematode has the potential to extend its geographical range and also its spectrum of host species. Increasing sample size and geographical coverage will contribute to recommendations for conservation of this host -parasite system. *
Oaxaca, located in south-west México within the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, holds exceptio... more Oaxaca, located in south-west México within the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, holds exceptionally high biodiversity for several taxa, including mammals. It has four decreed natural protected areas (NPAs) covering 5% of its total area, but only three of these, covering only 0.2% of the area, are strictly protected as National Parks. The current study develops ecological niche models for 183 terrestrial mammals for use as biodiversity surrogates in a systematic conservation planning exercise. Forty-five of these species were selected on the basis of their being either endangered or threatened or otherwise listed under the Mexican Red List or because they were endemic to either Oaxaca or to Mexico. The niche models were constructed with a machine-learning algorithm (GARP, Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Prediction) and refined by restricting each model to sites with suitable vegetation and habitat patches contiguous with known occurrences of the species. If the entire predicted geographical distribution of each of the 45 species listed above is put under protection, the entire state of Oaxaca gets included. Therefore, we imposed different constraints on the maximum area that can be put under protection (5 -30% of the area of Oaxaca) and selected nominal conservation area networks based on different percentage representation targets for the species' modelled distributions based on their conservation status (10 -100%). The area selection utilized a rarityand complementarity-based algorithm (in the ResNet software package). The goal was to have as many as possible of the 45 species at risk meet their specified representation targets in the budgeted area. The methods developed here combine ecological niche modelling and area prioritization algorithms for integrated conservation planning in a protocol that is suitable for other highly biodiverse regions.
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