Milán Pap
Graduated at Eötvös Loránd University (2007) and University of Sheffield (2011) with political science. Having PhD in political science (2017) at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. Reserearch fellow in Thomas Molnar Institute of Advanced Studies at National University of Public Service.
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Books by Milán Pap
Papers by Milán Pap
introduction of the economic reform required years of preparation not only in the economy but also in communist
propaganda. In this propaganda work, guided by the leaders of the communist state-party, radio, television and the
press played a crucial role besides the higher and local organs of the communist party. Népszabadság as a state-owned
high circulation newspaper served as a primary forum for this propaganda work: it not only informed about economic
changes, but also tried to bring the attitudes and thinking of workers to the changing conditions of production in
line with expectations. This paper examines the propaganda activities and thematic articles of Népszabadság aimed
at enlightening and influencing the public in 1968.
of peaceful coexistence and the practice of aware cooperation than by martial ideological rhetoric and the politics of
closeness. The success of the former partly depended on the mutual recognition of the citizens of the two superpowers’
blocs. National Geographic Magazine played a leading role in presenting the countries and the peoples of the world
to the American middle and upper-middle classes. The number of reports covering East European countries reached
its peak in the 1970s and 1980s. These reports had three recurring narrative patterns on state-socialist Eastern Europe,
including 1) surviving national traditions and peculiarities versus the official dogma of communist internationalism,
2) a certain way of social modernisation differing from the Western one, and 3) the local practices of capitalism versus
the dominance of the planned economy. This paper attempts to describe these narrative patterns based on National
Geographic articles from the abovementioned two decades. It follows the theoretical frames and analytical methods
of critical discourse analysis, focusing on the differentiation of the societies of the Soviet bloc and explanations of
socialist modernisation from the perspective of the dominant discourse of Western modernisation.
introduction of the economic reform required years of preparation not only in the economy but also in communist
propaganda. In this propaganda work, guided by the leaders of the communist state-party, radio, television and the
press played a crucial role besides the higher and local organs of the communist party. Népszabadság as a state-owned
high circulation newspaper served as a primary forum for this propaganda work: it not only informed about economic
changes, but also tried to bring the attitudes and thinking of workers to the changing conditions of production in
line with expectations. This paper examines the propaganda activities and thematic articles of Népszabadság aimed
at enlightening and influencing the public in 1968.
of peaceful coexistence and the practice of aware cooperation than by martial ideological rhetoric and the politics of
closeness. The success of the former partly depended on the mutual recognition of the citizens of the two superpowers’
blocs. National Geographic Magazine played a leading role in presenting the countries and the peoples of the world
to the American middle and upper-middle classes. The number of reports covering East European countries reached
its peak in the 1970s and 1980s. These reports had three recurring narrative patterns on state-socialist Eastern Europe,
including 1) surviving national traditions and peculiarities versus the official dogma of communist internationalism,
2) a certain way of social modernisation differing from the Western one, and 3) the local practices of capitalism versus
the dominance of the planned economy. This paper attempts to describe these narrative patterns based on National
Geographic articles from the abovementioned two decades. It follows the theoretical frames and analytical methods
of critical discourse analysis, focusing on the differentiation of the societies of the Soviet bloc and explanations of
socialist modernisation from the perspective of the dominant discourse of Western modernisation.
of the persecution of Danube Swabians. The book of Katalin Gajdos-Frank discusses this persecution from the perspective of and the materials on Hungarian state
security ruled by the Communist party in this period (1945–1956). Doing this, the
author integrates the description of methods and cases of surveillance with the story
of her own family and main-stream political history of local and international politics. Reading the unraveled cases conducted by secret police officers and tribunals, a
pattern of political discrimination can be discovered: the tactics of linking undesirable social groups with each other, as in the case of German minority (Swabians)
and propertied peasantry (kulaks), and making political accusation against them.
There is no question about the scapegoat role of Hungarian Germans in the wartorn country and these kind of accusations proved to be practicable for the Communist party even in the later times of high Stalinism in Hungary (1949-1953). From
the second third of the 1950s the repression eased on the German minorities and direct persecutions were replaced by indirect practices.