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Michel Garey

Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, BIOLOGIA, Faculty Member

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Supervisors: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres, Célio F. B. Haddad, Marília Teresinha Hartmann, and Vinicius Xavier da Silva
Address: Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza
Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA)
Av. Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos, 1000
CEP: 85870-901 - Jd. Universitário
Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná – Brasil.

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Julian D Reynolds

Trinity College Dublin

Kristen J Gremillion

Ohio State University

Kansas State University

University of East London

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

University of New England - Australia

Swansea University

University of Cambridge

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC (Federal University of Santa Catarina)

Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)

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Papers by Michel Garey

Description of the tadpole and advertisement call of _Physalaemus barrioi_ Bokermann, 1967 (Anura: Leiuperidae)

Background / Purpose: Tadpoles are described based on 24 specimens between stages 35 and 37. For ... more Background / Purpose: Tadpoles are described based on 24 specimens between stages 35 and 37. For the characterization of the internal oral morphology, we used 3 specimens in stages 36 and 37. We measured the maximum, minimum and fundamental frequencies; call duration, the interval between calls and calls per minute. Main conclusion: The body of the tadpole is ovoid in dorsal view, depressed in lateral view. The snout is rounded and oral apparatus anteroventral. Upper jaw sheath is in a wide arc, lower U-shaped, both serrated. Marginal papillae are in a single row, alternated ventrally. Oral apparatus laterally emarginated. LTRF 2 (2) / 3 (1). Spiracle sinistral. Anal tube dextral. Nostrils are oval and closer to the eyes than the snout. The tail is short and low. The buccal floor is triangular and wider than long. There are four infralabial papillae, two anteromedial and two laterals. The anteromedial ones are simple, finger-shaped, while the laterals have two or four branches, with...

Anuranfauna from northwestern region of the State of Sao Paulo: Species list and taxonomic key for adults | Anurofauna do noroeste paulista: Lista de espécies e chave de identificação para adultos

Biota Neotropica, 2011

from northwestern region of the State of São Paulo: species list and taxonomic key for adults. Bi... more

Anurans of Reserva Natural Salto Morato, municipality of Guaraqueçaba, State of Paraná, southern Brazil

Here we present a survey of amphibian species of the Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), an Atla... more Here we present a survey of amphibian species of the Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), an Atlantic rainforest reserve in Paraná, southern Brazil. We sampled lentic and lotic water bodies, phytotelmata and leaf litter from September 2006 to March 2007. We found 42 species from nine families, one of which is endemic to the study area. Additionally, we recorded 14 reproductive modes. In the RNSM, 50% of anuran species occur in more than 50% of samples, 26% of species occurred between 25 and 50% of samples, and 24% were rare, occurring in less than 25% of samples. The reserve holds the highest diversity of amphibians and reproductive modes in Paraná. Our results emphasize the importance of RNSM for amphibian conservation.

Amphibia, Anura, Limnomedusa macroglossa, Dendropsophus anceps, D. berthalutzae, D. seniculus, Scinax littoralis: new state records, distribution extension and filling gaps

Advertisement call of Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae), with notes on the reproductive activity of S. littoralis

Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis are poorly known Atlantic forest endemic species from the Scin... more Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis are poorly known Atlantic forest endemic species from the Scinax catharinae group, which is known from southern and southeastern Brazil. Herein, we describe the advertisement calls of these two species and compare them to other species within the S. catharinae group. Additionally, we provide information on breeding sites, and calling activity in S. littoralis. Advertisement calls of S. angrensis and S. littoralis are composed of multi-pulsed notes with multiple frequency bands and frequency modulation. Scinax littoralis has a higher minimum and maximum frequency, and lower dominant frequency than S. angrensis, while Scinax angrensis has a longer call. Scinax littoralis appears to be a habitat generalist, occurring from secondary to mature forests, and breeding both in temporary and in permanent ponds. Male S. littoralis were usually observed calling perched on shrub stems, and displayed satellite behavior when the male density was high.

Trazendo a biologia de girinos para o século 21: resultados e metas do Primeiro Workshop Internacional sobre Girinos

by Michel Garey and Marcelo Menin

Taking tadpole biology into the 21st century: a consensus paper from the First Tadpoles International Workshop

by Michel Garey and Marcelo Menin

Tadpole richness in riparian areas is determined by niche-based and neutral processes

In this study, we evaluate the effects of spatial and environmental factors on the structure of t... more In this study, we evaluate the effects of spatial and environmental factors on the structure of tadpole assemblages in Central Amazonia testing the following hypotheses: (1) environmental factors are more important than spatial ones in tadpole richness distribution and (2) habitat structure variables are more important than biotic variables in tadpole richness distribution. Tadpoles were sampled at 20 riparian plots between February and June 2010. Spatial and environmental components explained the major part of the variation in observed and estimated tadpole richness, respectively. Among all ﬁtted models, the best model that explains species richness distribution is the one that contains only the number of ponds. Our results showed that tadpole richness in streamside ponds is inﬂuenced by niche-based processes and can be explained by local factors related to habitat structure. Predator density was not an important biotic factor in our study, contradicting the results found by other studies conducted in tropical areas. However, neutral processes are also important because spatial variation can explain the spatial distribution of species richness, probably as a result of dispersal limitation. Therefore, our results contribute to understanding of the local and landscape features which inﬂuence the amphibian species diversity in a tropical forest.

Anuros da Reserva Natural Salto Morato, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, Brasil

Here we present a survey of amphibian species of the Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), an Atla... more Here we present a survey of amphibian species of the Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), an Atlantic rainforest reserve in Paraná, southern Brazil. We sampled lentic and lotic water bodies, phytotelmata and leaf litter from September 2006 to March 2007. We found 42 species from nine families, one of which is endemic to the study area. Additionally, we recorded 14 reproductive modes. In the RNSM, 50% of anuran species occur in more than 50% of samples, 26% of species occurred between 25 and 50% of samples, and 24% were rare, occurring in less than 25% of samples. The reserve holds the highest diversity of amphibians and reproductive modes in Paraná. Our results emphasize the importance of RNSM for amphibian conservation.

Advertisement call of Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis (Hylidae; Hylinae), with notes on the reproductive activity of S. littoralis

Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis are poorly known Atlantic forest endemic species from the Scin... more Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis are poorly known Atlantic forest endemic species from the Scinax catharinae group, which is known from southern and southeastern Brazil. Herein, we describe the advertisement calls of these two species and compare them to other species within the S. catharinae group. Additionally, we provide information on breeding sites, and calling activity in S. littoralis. Advertisement calls of S. angrensis and S. littoralis are composed of multi-pulsed notes with multiple frequency bands and frequency modulation. Scinax littoralis has a higher minimum and maximum frequency, and lower dominant frequency than S. angrensis, while Scinax littoralis has a longer call. Scinax littoralis appears to be a habitat generalist, occurring from secondary to mature forests, and breeding both in temporary and in permanent ponds. Male S. littoralis were usually observed calling perched on shrub stems, and displayed satellite behavior when the male density was high.

Larvae of Proceratophrys melanopogon (Amphibia: Anura), with emphasis on internal oral morphology and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi

Herpetologica

We provide novel data on the biology of Proceratophrys melanopogon and describe its larval extern... more We provide novel data on the biology of Proceratophrys melanopogon and describe its larval external morphology and internal oral features on the basis of specimens from the Serra do Mar, southeastern Brazil. We also review the larval internal oral features of the genus, including descriptions and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi. The external morphology of tadpoles of P. melanopogon is very similar to that of closely related species. The internal oral features are very conserved in this genus, with the majority of species having lingual papillae unusually bifurcated, four infralabial papillae, and a transverse ridge on the prenarial arena. Our results also provide data for phylogenetic studies on the genus Proceratophrys.

Anurans from the Serra da Bocaina National Park and surrounding buffer area, southeastern Brazil

Broad-scale spatial patterns of canopy cover and pond morphology affect the structure of a Neotropical amphibian metacommunity

Spatial and environmental processes influ- ence species composition at distinct scales. Previous... more Spatial and environmental processes influ-
ence species composition at distinct scales. Previous
studies suggested that the distribution of larval anu-
rans at the landscape-scale is influenced by environmental gradients related to adult breeding site selection, such as pond canopy cover, but not by water chemistry. However, the combined effects of spatial, pond morphology, and water chemistry variables on metacommunity structure of larval anurans have not been analyzed yet. We used a partial redundancy analysis with variation partitioning to analyze the relative influence of pond morphology
(e.g., depth, area, and aquatic vegetation), water chemistry, and spatial variables on a tadpole metacommunity from southeastern Brazil. We predict that pond morphology and canopy cover will influence the metacommunity at broad spatial scales, while water
chemistry would play a larger role at finer scales. We found that broad-scale spatial patterns of pond canopy cover and pond morphology strongly influenced metacommunity structure, with water chemistry being not significant. Additionally, species composition was spatially autocorrelated at short distances. We suggest that the reproductive behavior of adult anurans is driving tadpole metacommunity dynamics, since pond morphology, but not water chemistry affects breeding site selection by adults. Our results contribute to the understanding of amphibian species diversity in tropical wetlands.

Chthonerpeton viviparum Parker & Wettstein, 1929 (Amphibia, Gymnophiona, Typhlonectidae) in Paraná state, Brazil and the first record of predation of this species by Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Actinopterygii, Erythrinidae)

The present paper reports the first occurrence of Chthonerpeton viviparum in Paraná State (Brazil... more

Amphibia, Anura, Limnomedusa macroglossa, Dendropsophus anceps, D. berthalutzae, S. seniculus, S. littoralis: new state records, distribution extension and filling gaps

by Michel Garey and Rodrigo Lingnau

Anurofauna do noroeste paulista: lista de espécies e chave de identificação para adultos; Anuranfauna from northwestern region of the State of São Paulo: species list …

Biota neotrop.(Online, …, Jan 1, 2011

A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereç... more A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal's aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region.

Alternative reproductive modes of Atlantic forest frogs

by Michel Garey and Thais Costa

Journal of Ethology

Diversity in reproductive modes is well known in amphibians, mainly among anurans, which are char... more Diversity in reproductive modes is well known in amphibians, mainly among anurans, which are characterized by a diversity in breeding biology that exceeds that of any other tetrapod. Currently, 39 reproductive modes are recognized among anurans and some species display more than one mode. The breeding biology of some Brazilian Atlantic forest anurans was investigated for this study. We observed unreported reproductive modes for six species, variability in the reproductive modes of individuals of the same species (whereby some individuals of a given population displayed unusual reproductive modes when the physical conditions of the breeding site were suboptimal), and variations within the modes. These observations suggest possible evolutionary steps for the reproductive modes. Anuran breeding biology seems to be more diverse than previously reported, and a character matrix could be constructed to describe the total range of variation of the anuran reproductive modes.

Knowledge gaps and bibliographical revision about descriptions of free-swimming anuran larvae from Brazil

by Michel Garey and Mainara Jordani

North-Western Journal of Zoology

Research on tadpole morphology has grown rapidly in recent decades, but many larval anurans remai... more Research on tadpole morphology has grown rapidly in recent decades, but many larval anurans remain unknown. We made a literature survey of all studies that describe free-swiming larvae of anuran species occurring in Brazil in order to identify major gaps and provide a searchable bibliographical source about these descriptions. We found that 61.25% of tadpoles of species with free-swiming larvae have already been described. We hope that this paper will foster future tadpole descriptions by providing easy access to the literature.

A New Species of Miniaturized Toadlet, Genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from Southern Brazil

Herpetologica, Jan 1, 2012

The Tadpole of Physalaemus moreirae (Anura: Leiuperidae)

Herpetologica, Jan 1, 2011

ABSTRACT We describe the external morphology of the tadpole of the frog Physalaemus moreirae. We ... more ABSTRACT We describe the external morphology of the tadpole of the frog Physalaemus moreirae. We also provide a review of internal oral features, chondrocrania, and a characterization of the genus based on larval traits. The internal oral features and the external morphology of P. moreirae are most similar to P. jordanensis, a species allocated to the P. gracilis group. None of the larval traits supports the current intrageneric arrangement of species, because several features are shared by species belonging to different species groups. We argue for the inclusion of larval traits in future phylogenetic studies in order to understand the evolution of larval characters.

Description of the tadpole and advertisement call of _Physalaemus barrioi_ Bokermann, 1967 (Anura: Leiuperidae)

Background / Purpose: Tadpoles are described based on 24 specimens between stages 35 and 37. For ... more Background / Purpose: Tadpoles are described based on 24 specimens between stages 35 and 37. For the characterization of the internal oral morphology, we used 3 specimens in stages 36 and 37. We measured the maximum, minimum and fundamental frequencies; call duration, the interval between calls and calls per minute. Main conclusion: The body of the tadpole is ovoid in dorsal view, depressed in lateral view. The snout is rounded and oral apparatus anteroventral. Upper jaw sheath is in a wide arc, lower U-shaped, both serrated. Marginal papillae are in a single row, alternated ventrally. Oral apparatus laterally emarginated. LTRF 2 (2) / 3 (1). Spiracle sinistral. Anal tube dextral. Nostrils are oval and closer to the eyes than the snout. The tail is short and low. The buccal floor is triangular and wider than long. There are four infralabial papillae, two anteromedial and two laterals. The anteromedial ones are simple, finger-shaped, while the laterals have two or four branches, with...

Anuranfauna from northwestern region of the State of Sao Paulo: Species list and taxonomic key for adults | Anurofauna do noroeste paulista: Lista de espécies e chave de identificação para adultos

Biota Neotropica, 2011

from northwestern region of the State of São Paulo: species list and taxonomic key for adults. Bi... more

Anurans of Reserva Natural Salto Morato, municipality of Guaraqueçaba, State of Paraná, southern Brazil

Here we present a survey of amphibian species of the Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), an Atla... more Here we present a survey of amphibian species of the Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), an Atlantic rainforest reserve in Paraná, southern Brazil. We sampled lentic and lotic water bodies, phytotelmata and leaf litter from September 2006 to March 2007. We found 42 species from nine families, one of which is endemic to the study area. Additionally, we recorded 14 reproductive modes. In the RNSM, 50% of anuran species occur in more than 50% of samples, 26% of species occurred between 25 and 50% of samples, and 24% were rare, occurring in less than 25% of samples. The reserve holds the highest diversity of amphibians and reproductive modes in Paraná. Our results emphasize the importance of RNSM for amphibian conservation.

Amphibia, Anura, Limnomedusa macroglossa, Dendropsophus anceps, D. berthalutzae, D. seniculus, Scinax littoralis: new state records, distribution extension and filling gaps

Advertisement call of Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae), with notes on the reproductive activity of S. littoralis

Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis are poorly known Atlantic forest endemic species from the Scin... more Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis are poorly known Atlantic forest endemic species from the Scinax catharinae group, which is known from southern and southeastern Brazil. Herein, we describe the advertisement calls of these two species and compare them to other species within the S. catharinae group. Additionally, we provide information on breeding sites, and calling activity in S. littoralis. Advertisement calls of S. angrensis and S. littoralis are composed of multi-pulsed notes with multiple frequency bands and frequency modulation. Scinax littoralis has a higher minimum and maximum frequency, and lower dominant frequency than S. angrensis, while Scinax angrensis has a longer call. Scinax littoralis appears to be a habitat generalist, occurring from secondary to mature forests, and breeding both in temporary and in permanent ponds. Male S. littoralis were usually observed calling perched on shrub stems, and displayed satellite behavior when the male density was high.

Trazendo a biologia de girinos para o século 21: resultados e metas do Primeiro Workshop Internacional sobre Girinos

by Michel Garey and Marcelo Menin

Taking tadpole biology into the 21st century: a consensus paper from the First Tadpoles International Workshop

by Michel Garey and Marcelo Menin

Tadpole richness in riparian areas is determined by niche-based and neutral processes

In this study, we evaluate the effects of spatial and environmental factors on the structure of t... more In this study, we evaluate the effects of spatial and environmental factors on the structure of tadpole assemblages in Central Amazonia testing the following hypotheses: (1) environmental factors are more important than spatial ones in tadpole richness distribution and (2) habitat structure variables are more important than biotic variables in tadpole richness distribution. Tadpoles were sampled at 20 riparian plots between February and June 2010. Spatial and environmental components explained the major part of the variation in observed and estimated tadpole richness, respectively. Among all ﬁtted models, the best model that explains species richness distribution is the one that contains only the number of ponds. Our results showed that tadpole richness in streamside ponds is inﬂuenced by niche-based processes and can be explained by local factors related to habitat structure. Predator density was not an important biotic factor in our study, contradicting the results found by other studies conducted in tropical areas. However, neutral processes are also important because spatial variation can explain the spatial distribution of species richness, probably as a result of dispersal limitation. Therefore, our results contribute to understanding of the local and landscape features which inﬂuence the amphibian species diversity in a tropical forest.

Anuros da Reserva Natural Salto Morato, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, Brasil

Here we present a survey of amphibian species of the Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), an Atla... more Here we present a survey of amphibian species of the Reserva Natural Salto Morato (RNSM), an Atlantic rainforest reserve in Paraná, southern Brazil. We sampled lentic and lotic water bodies, phytotelmata and leaf litter from September 2006 to March 2007. We found 42 species from nine families, one of which is endemic to the study area. Additionally, we recorded 14 reproductive modes. In the RNSM, 50% of anuran species occur in more than 50% of samples, 26% of species occurred between 25 and 50% of samples, and 24% were rare, occurring in less than 25% of samples. The reserve holds the highest diversity of amphibians and reproductive modes in Paraná. Our results emphasize the importance of RNSM for amphibian conservation.

Advertisement call of Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis (Hylidae; Hylinae), with notes on the reproductive activity of S. littoralis

Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis are poorly known Atlantic forest endemic species from the Scin... more Scinax littoralis and S. angrensis are poorly known Atlantic forest endemic species from the Scinax catharinae group, which is known from southern and southeastern Brazil. Herein, we describe the advertisement calls of these two species and compare them to other species within the S. catharinae group. Additionally, we provide information on breeding sites, and calling activity in S. littoralis. Advertisement calls of S. angrensis and S. littoralis are composed of multi-pulsed notes with multiple frequency bands and frequency modulation. Scinax littoralis has a higher minimum and maximum frequency, and lower dominant frequency than S. angrensis, while Scinax littoralis has a longer call. Scinax littoralis appears to be a habitat generalist, occurring from secondary to mature forests, and breeding both in temporary and in permanent ponds. Male S. littoralis were usually observed calling perched on shrub stems, and displayed satellite behavior when the male density was high.

Larvae of Proceratophrys melanopogon (Amphibia: Anura), with emphasis on internal oral morphology and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi

Herpetologica

We provide novel data on the biology of Proceratophrys melanopogon and describe its larval extern... more We provide novel data on the biology of Proceratophrys melanopogon and describe its larval external morphology and internal oral features on the basis of specimens from the Serra do Mar, southeastern Brazil. We also review the larval internal oral features of the genus, including descriptions and comparisons with P. cururu and P. moratoi. The external morphology of tadpoles of P. melanopogon is very similar to that of closely related species. The internal oral features are very conserved in this genus, with the majority of species having lingual papillae unusually bifurcated, four infralabial papillae, and a transverse ridge on the prenarial arena. Our results also provide data for phylogenetic studies on the genus Proceratophrys.

Anurans from the Serra da Bocaina National Park and surrounding buffer area, southeastern Brazil

Broad-scale spatial patterns of canopy cover and pond morphology affect the structure of a Neotropical amphibian metacommunity

Spatial and environmental processes influ- ence species composition at distinct scales. Previous... more Spatial and environmental processes influ-
ence species composition at distinct scales. Previous
studies suggested that the distribution of larval anu-
rans at the landscape-scale is influenced by environmental gradients related to adult breeding site selection, such as pond canopy cover, but not by water chemistry. However, the combined effects of spatial, pond morphology, and water chemistry variables on metacommunity structure of larval anurans have not been analyzed yet. We used a partial redundancy analysis with variation partitioning to analyze the relative influence of pond morphology
(e.g., depth, area, and aquatic vegetation), water chemistry, and spatial variables on a tadpole metacommunity from southeastern Brazil. We predict that pond morphology and canopy cover will influence the metacommunity at broad spatial scales, while water
chemistry would play a larger role at finer scales. We found that broad-scale spatial patterns of pond canopy cover and pond morphology strongly influenced metacommunity structure, with water chemistry being not significant. Additionally, species composition was spatially autocorrelated at short distances. We suggest that the reproductive behavior of adult anurans is driving tadpole metacommunity dynamics, since pond morphology, but not water chemistry affects breeding site selection by adults. Our results contribute to the understanding of amphibian species diversity in tropical wetlands.

Chthonerpeton viviparum Parker & Wettstein, 1929 (Amphibia, Gymnophiona, Typhlonectidae) in Paraná state, Brazil and the first record of predation of this species by Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Actinopterygii, Erythrinidae)

The present paper reports the first occurrence of Chthonerpeton viviparum in Paraná State (Brazil... more

Amphibia, Anura, Limnomedusa macroglossa, Dendropsophus anceps, D. berthalutzae, S. seniculus, S. littoralis: new state records, distribution extension and filling gaps

by Michel Garey and Rodrigo Lingnau

Anurofauna do noroeste paulista: lista de espécies e chave de identificação para adultos; Anuranfauna from northwestern region of the State of São Paulo: species list …

Biota neotrop.(Online, …, Jan 1, 2011

A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereç... more A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal's aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region.

Alternative reproductive modes of Atlantic forest frogs

by Michel Garey and Thais Costa

Journal of Ethology

Diversity in reproductive modes is well known in amphibians, mainly among anurans, which are char... more Diversity in reproductive modes is well known in amphibians, mainly among anurans, which are characterized by a diversity in breeding biology that exceeds that of any other tetrapod. Currently, 39 reproductive modes are recognized among anurans and some species display more than one mode. The breeding biology of some Brazilian Atlantic forest anurans was investigated for this study. We observed unreported reproductive modes for six species, variability in the reproductive modes of individuals of the same species (whereby some individuals of a given population displayed unusual reproductive modes when the physical conditions of the breeding site were suboptimal), and variations within the modes. These observations suggest possible evolutionary steps for the reproductive modes. Anuran breeding biology seems to be more diverse than previously reported, and a character matrix could be constructed to describe the total range of variation of the anuran reproductive modes.

Knowledge gaps and bibliographical revision about descriptions of free-swimming anuran larvae from Brazil

by Michel Garey and Mainara Jordani

North-Western Journal of Zoology

Research on tadpole morphology has grown rapidly in recent decades, but many larval anurans remai... more Research on tadpole morphology has grown rapidly in recent decades, but many larval anurans remain unknown. We made a literature survey of all studies that describe free-swiming larvae of anuran species occurring in Brazil in order to identify major gaps and provide a searchable bibliographical source about these descriptions. We found that 61.25% of tadpoles of species with free-swiming larvae have already been described. We hope that this paper will foster future tadpole descriptions by providing easy access to the literature.

A New Species of Miniaturized Toadlet, Genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from Southern Brazil

Herpetologica, Jan 1, 2012

The Tadpole of Physalaemus moreirae (Anura: Leiuperidae)

Herpetologica, Jan 1, 2011

ABSTRACT We describe the external morphology of the tadpole of the frog Physalaemus moreirae. We ... more ABSTRACT We describe the external morphology of the tadpole of the frog Physalaemus moreirae. We also provide a review of internal oral features, chondrocrania, and a characterization of the genus based on larval traits. The internal oral features and the external morphology of P. moreirae are most similar to P. jordanensis, a species allocated to the P. gracilis group. None of the larval traits supports the current intrageneric arrangement of species, because several features are shared by species belonging to different species groups. We argue for the inclusion of larval traits in future phylogenetic studies in order to understand the evolution of larval characters.

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