Sustainable tourism and ecotourism open new perspectives in tourism due to renewed approaches, an... more Sustainable tourism and ecotourism open new perspectives in tourism due to renewed approaches, another review of resources, other relationships between tourists and hosts. After noting the range of possibilities regarding ecotourism, the objective of this study is to highlight tourism issues in the municipality of Saint-Anne (south of Martinique) - the main tourism municipality of the island. The municipal team runs a voluntary program of sustainable development aiming to inserting tourism into a more global development of the municipality. From theory to practice in the field, the challenges are important in this municipality which is dominated by traditional seaside practices which intends to emphasize ecotourism models.
Résumé: Le tourisme durable et l’écotourisme ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans le champ du tourisme en soutenant des approches renouvelées, une autre relecture des ressources, d’autres rapports entre les touristes et les sociétés hôtes. Dans le cadre de cette étude, après avoir souligné le champ des possibles en matière d’écotourisme, l’accent est mis sur les enjeux touristiques dans la commune de Sainte-Anne (sud de la Martinique) ; la principale commune touristique de l’île. L’équipe municipale y mène un programme volontaire de développement durable qui vise à insérer le tourisme dans un développement plus global de la commune. Du discours à la conduite des opérations sur le terrain, les défis sont importants dans cette commune dominée par des pratiques balnéaires classiques qui entend mettre en avant des modèles écotouristiques.
Mass tourism is part of a historical construction. It has emerged on the day after the Second Wor... more Mass tourism is part of a historical construction. It has emerged on the day after the Second World War with sustained conomic growth provided by Western countries. The economic affirmation of newly industrialized countries confirms this phenomenon. Mass tourism matches the emergence of the middle class and the democratization of tourism in the rich countries. It is centered on some reputed international destinations. There are economic, social, cultural and ecological consequences caused by this massive concentration of visitors. While the overall volume of tourism revenues is interesting (in terms of jobs and economic growth), there are also problems locally (revenue leakage, distribution). This is the context in which reflections on alternative tourism approaches has developed. It is about developing new forms of sustainable tourism that integrate local populations and both natural and human environments of host countries. Eco tourism, community tourism, etc. support a different philosophy of tourism.
Résumé: Le tourisme de masse s’inscrit dans une construction historique. Il prend son origine au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale avec la croissance économique soutenue des pays occidentaux. L’affirmation économique des nouveaux pays industrialisés conforte ce phénomène. Le tourisme de masse correspond à l’émergence des classes moyennes et à la démocratisation du tourisme dans les pays riches. Il se concentre dans quelques destinations internationales réputées. Cette concentration massive de visiteurs a des conséquences économique, sociale, culturelle et écologique. Si le volume global de ses revenus touristiques est intéressant (en matière d’emplois et de croissance économique), il pose également des problèmes sur le plan local (fuites des revenus, la répartition). C’est dans ce contexte que se développent les réflexions sur les approches touristiques alternatives. Il s’agit de développer de nouvelles formes de tourisme durable qui intègrent les populations locales et les environnements naturel et humain des pays d’accueil. Ecotourisme, tourisme communautaire, etc. soutiennent une autre philosophie du tourisme.
Cette réflexion propose d’étudier le luxe à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, de la philos... more Cette réflexion propose d’étudier le luxe à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, de la philosophie à la sociologie, de la psychologie à l’économie. Tout d’abord, il s’agit d’identifier les fondements de luxe avec les travaux de Veblen (consommation ostentatoire), de Bourdieu (distinction et habitus) et Lipovetsky (esthétisation), et de définir les contours du luxe. Le luxe s’inscrit dans une construction historique, il est associé à « l’excellence matérielle, symbolique et sociale » (Karpik). Raffinement, quête intériorisée, distinction, plaisir de la créativité et de l’innovation, le luxe est un ensemble composite, matériel et immatériel. Sur le plan économique, le luxe relève de l’économie de singularité (Karpik). La valeur monétaire du lien est le principal indicateur mesurable qui permet de distinguer le marché du luxe.
Luxury studies This discussion proposes to study luxury through a multidisciplinary approach, from philosophy to sociology and from psychology to economy. First of all, it is to identify the foundations of luxury with the work of Veblen (conspicuous consumption), Bourdieu (distinction and habitus) and Lipovetsky (aesthetical), and to define the contours of luxury. Luxury is part of a historic building. It is associated with “perfection” (Karpik). Refinement, internalized quest, distinction, pleasure of creativity and innovation, luxury is a combination of tangible and intangible composite. On the economic front, luxury is the economy of singularity (Karpik). The price is the main measurable indicator that distinguishes the luxury market.
Nombre de destinations se réclament du tourisme de luxe ; vantant les mérites des nouvelles const... more Nombre de destinations se réclament du tourisme de luxe ; vantant les mérites des nouvelles constructions ex-nihilo, elles imaginent s’imposer dans le champ du tourisme de luxe sans en connaître les fondements. Or, le luxe ne se décrète pas. Le luxe s’inscrit dans un système de production de l’offre spécifique. Il privilégie des établissements singuliers inscrits dans les cadres exceptionnels (nature ou historique) parfois au cœur des grandes capitales pour une jouissance exclusive entre-soi. L’objectif de cette étude est de cerner le luxe dans le champ du tourisme, de définir des indicateurs, d’identifier les conditions nécessaires au tourisme de luxe à travers des établissements, des lieux, des destinations spécialisés. Luxury in Tourism There are a number of tourism destinations which wish to be part of the luxury destination market; with their new and modern infrastructures, they believe they are considered as luxury. But, luxury is not decreed. Luxury is all about a system of production of specific offers. Only “one-of-a-kind” accommodation enrolled in the exceptional frameworks (nature or historical), sometimes in the heart of major capitals for exclusive enjoyment “between-ourself”, can be considered as luxury. The objective of this study is to identify luxury in the tourism field, to define its indicators and to identify the necessary conditions of luxury tourism through accommodation, attractions and destinations specialized in luxury tourism propaganda!
En l’espace de trente ans, la petite île de Saint-Barthélemy (25 km²) est sortie de son isolement... more En l’espace de trente ans, la petite île de Saint-Barthélemy (25 km²) est sortie de son isolement séculaire pour s’imposer parmi les grandes destinations du tourisme de luxe dans le monde. Dans le cadre de cette étude, l’idée est d’identifier les éléments structurels et les différents facteurs conjoncturels qui permettent de comprendre la situation touristique de Saint-Barthélemy. L’exiguïté du territoire en lui-même peut être perçue comme un handicap fondamental ou, inversement, comme un atout considérable. Tout dépend du projet de développement. Il faut savoir tirer profit des spécificités du territoire considéré. Dans le cas de Saint-Barthélemy, l’exiguïté favorise la rareté et cette rareté convoitée n’est accessible qu’aux personnes les plus argentées. La rareté convoitée conduit au luxe. L’isolement est relatif : cette destination n’est pas accessible aux avions gros porteurs, l’essentiel du marché aérien est contrôlé par deux petites compagnies locales et l’espace aérien est ouvert aux petits avions privés. Le luxe ne se décrète pas, il ne se planifie pas. Le tourisme de luxe, c’est l’élection d’un territoire par des élites qui s’y retrouvent pour jouir de leur fortune à l’écart du monde. The Isle of Saint-Barthelemy (the Lesser Antilles): a Luxury Tourism Destination Within thirty years, the small island of Saint-Barthelemy (25 km²) is out of its secular isolation to be among major luxury tourism destinations in the world. In this study, the idea is to identify structural element and different cyclical factors that help to understand Saint-Barthelemy tourism situation. The small size of the territory itself can be seen as a fundamental handicap or, conversely, as a considerable asset. Everything depends on development project. It is necessary to know how to take advantage of specific characteristics of this type of territory. In Saint-Barthelemy case, scarcity is coveted; this coveted rarity is accessible only for rich people. The coveted rarity leads to luxury. Isolation is relative: this destination is not accessible to the jumbo jets. The airline market is controlled essentially by two small local companies and the airspace is open to charter flies and private aircrafts. Some other companies provide more or less regular flights from nearby airports of San Juan (Puerto Rico), Sint-Maarten and Guadeloupe. Luxury cannot be decreed, it is not planned. Luxury tourism is the election of a territory by elites who gather there to enjoy away from the rest of the world.
Cette réflexion propose d’étudier le luxe à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, de la philos... more Cette réflexion propose d’étudier le luxe à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, de la philosophie à la sociologie, de la psychologie à l’économie. Tout d’abord, il s’agit d’identifier les fondements de luxe avec les travaux de Veblen (consommation ostentatoire), de Bourdieu (distinction et habitus) et Lipovetsky (esthétisation), et de définir les contours du luxe. Le luxe s’inscrit dans une construction historique, il est associé à « l’excellence matérielle, symbolique et sociale » (Karpik). Raffinement, quête intériorisée, distinction, plaisir de la créativité et de l’innovation, le luxe est un ensemble composite, matériel et immatériel. Sur le plan économique, le luxe relève de l’économie de singularité (Karpik). La valeur monétaire du lien est le principal indicateur mesurable qui permet de distinguer le marché du luxe. Luxury studies This discussion proposes to study luxury through a multidisciplinary approach, from philosophy to sociology and from psychology to economy. First of all, it is to identify the foundations of luxury with the work of Veblen (conspicuous consumption), Bourdieu (distinction and habitus) and Lipovetsky (aesthetical), and to define the contours of luxury. Luxury is part of a historic building. It is associated with “perfection” (Karpik). Refinement, internalized quest, distinction, pleasure of creativity and innovation, luxury is a combination of tangible and intangible composite. On the economic front, luxury is the economy of singularity (Karpik). The price is the main measurable indicator that distinguishes the luxury market.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Jan 26, 2014
This study examines new tourism strategies in small island destinations in the Caribbean. Heavily... more This study examines new tourism strategies in small island destinations in the Caribbean. Heavily dependent on a tourism sector that favours seaside activities and faced with socio-economic limits and outdated environnemntal models, these islands seek to devleop policies which will maximize economic activity in a context of sustainable tourism. Beyond the scope of the Convention on Sustainable Tourism Zone of the Caribbean (the STZC Convention), which aims to establish the first sustainable tourism zone in the world, this article analyzes the development of ecotourism on the islands of Dominica (an emerging destination) and St. Lucia (which is a consolidation phase).
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Jan 26, 2014
Cruise tourism is an industry with significant growth (17.6 million passengers in 2011). This eco... more Cruise tourism is an industry with significant growth (17.6 million passengers in 2011). This economic sector, which is currently dominated by North American clients who prefer destinations in the Caribbean Sea, is diversifying throughout the world. The cruise industry is strengthening its position in the Mediterranean and Baltic seas and is increasing deployment in East Asia from the shores of the South China Sea to the major rivers. Between continuity and reconstruction, the cruise industry faces several challenges such as the limits of gigantism (more than 6,000 passengers), its relationship with the host territories (ports of call) and the renewal of product "cruise".
Cruise tourism in the world: Continuity and Recomposition
Cruise tourism is a sector that is rap... more Cruise tourism in the world: Continuity and Recomposition
Cruise tourism is a sector that is rapidly expanding (16 million passengers in 2011). Today, cruising remains an essentially American affair, dominated by North American clients whose preferred destination is the Caribbean Sea. American cruise circuits continue to extend and diversify from the Panama Canal to the edge of Alaska. Meanwhile, cruises strengthen their position on the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas and has launched in East Asia from shores of the South China Sea to major rivers. Between continuity and recomposition, the cruise industry faces several challenges such as the limits of overcapacity (more than 6,000 passengers on board), its relationship with the host territories (ports of call), and the renewal of the “cruise” products.
Dare to “Decolonising the mind”:Meeting around the thought of Ngugi wa Thiong'o The aim o... more Dare to “Decolonising the mind”:Meeting around the thought of Ngugi wa Thiong'o The aim of this article is to propose the basis for an open reflection on the sources of colonization through the literary approach proposed by Ngugi. In this context, it has been repetitively noted that the relations between Colonized and Colonizer (Memmi) are tenacious in our nature and everyday ways of thinking. And, contradictorily, the term "colonization" seems to evoke the days of yore, already accomplished, in our minds - one of the closed chapters in history - while the colonial-type armed conflicts and the process of recolonization have burst out again by the beginning of XXI century. Conquering the African resources, then to chase with all haste - using many stratagems - the least conciliatory leaders! The colonization is a process of the politico-economic exploitation that requires a mind control, of both the colonized and the colonizers.
Tourism and Poverty: Open the scope of the possible
Poverty is a global concern and internationa... more Tourism and Poverty: Open the scope of the possible
Poverty is a global concern and international tourism is seen as a tool to fight against poverty.This is the issue addressed in this reflection: What is poverty? Consider tourism as a remedy requires first to question the nature of evil. It is therefore necessary to analyze at first, poverty without reducing to its economic approach. Poverty is a multidimensional concept, which should be studied in a systematic approach. Tourism attracted international institutions and many politicians (at local and national levels) by its development opportunities. Tourism is distinguished by its adaptability and its ability to transform host environments. These are consumers who move from producers (home territories). This activity therefore provides direct revenue for the host societies.Hence the tourism capabilities to create specific jobs and stimulate investment. However, if the economic potential is undeniable, this activity should be placed in a real development project that benefits the poorest territories.
Sustainable tourism and ecotourism open new perspectives in tourism due to renewed approaches, an... more Sustainable tourism and ecotourism open new perspectives in tourism due to renewed approaches, another review of resources, other relationships between tourists and hosts. After noting the range of possibilities regarding ecotourism, the objective of this study is to highlight tourism issues in the municipality of Saint-Anne (south of Martinique) - the main tourism municipality of the island. The municipal team runs a voluntary program of sustainable development aiming to inserting tourism into a more global development of the municipality. From theory to practice in the field, the challenges are important in this municipality which is dominated by traditional seaside practices which intends to emphasize ecotourism models.
Résumé: Le tourisme durable et l’écotourisme ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans le champ du tourisme en soutenant des approches renouvelées, une autre relecture des ressources, d’autres rapports entre les touristes et les sociétés hôtes. Dans le cadre de cette étude, après avoir souligné le champ des possibles en matière d’écotourisme, l’accent est mis sur les enjeux touristiques dans la commune de Sainte-Anne (sud de la Martinique) ; la principale commune touristique de l’île. L’équipe municipale y mène un programme volontaire de développement durable qui vise à insérer le tourisme dans un développement plus global de la commune. Du discours à la conduite des opérations sur le terrain, les défis sont importants dans cette commune dominée par des pratiques balnéaires classiques qui entend mettre en avant des modèles écotouristiques.
Mass tourism is part of a historical construction. It has emerged on the day after the Second Wor... more Mass tourism is part of a historical construction. It has emerged on the day after the Second World War with sustained conomic growth provided by Western countries. The economic affirmation of newly industrialized countries confirms this phenomenon. Mass tourism matches the emergence of the middle class and the democratization of tourism in the rich countries. It is centered on some reputed international destinations. There are economic, social, cultural and ecological consequences caused by this massive concentration of visitors. While the overall volume of tourism revenues is interesting (in terms of jobs and economic growth), there are also problems locally (revenue leakage, distribution). This is the context in which reflections on alternative tourism approaches has developed. It is about developing new forms of sustainable tourism that integrate local populations and both natural and human environments of host countries. Eco tourism, community tourism, etc. support a different philosophy of tourism.
Résumé: Le tourisme de masse s’inscrit dans une construction historique. Il prend son origine au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale avec la croissance économique soutenue des pays occidentaux. L’affirmation économique des nouveaux pays industrialisés conforte ce phénomène. Le tourisme de masse correspond à l’émergence des classes moyennes et à la démocratisation du tourisme dans les pays riches. Il se concentre dans quelques destinations internationales réputées. Cette concentration massive de visiteurs a des conséquences économique, sociale, culturelle et écologique. Si le volume global de ses revenus touristiques est intéressant (en matière d’emplois et de croissance économique), il pose également des problèmes sur le plan local (fuites des revenus, la répartition). C’est dans ce contexte que se développent les réflexions sur les approches touristiques alternatives. Il s’agit de développer de nouvelles formes de tourisme durable qui intègrent les populations locales et les environnements naturel et humain des pays d’accueil. Ecotourisme, tourisme communautaire, etc. soutiennent une autre philosophie du tourisme.
Cette réflexion propose d’étudier le luxe à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, de la philos... more Cette réflexion propose d’étudier le luxe à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, de la philosophie à la sociologie, de la psychologie à l’économie. Tout d’abord, il s’agit d’identifier les fondements de luxe avec les travaux de Veblen (consommation ostentatoire), de Bourdieu (distinction et habitus) et Lipovetsky (esthétisation), et de définir les contours du luxe. Le luxe s’inscrit dans une construction historique, il est associé à « l’excellence matérielle, symbolique et sociale » (Karpik). Raffinement, quête intériorisée, distinction, plaisir de la créativité et de l’innovation, le luxe est un ensemble composite, matériel et immatériel. Sur le plan économique, le luxe relève de l’économie de singularité (Karpik). La valeur monétaire du lien est le principal indicateur mesurable qui permet de distinguer le marché du luxe.
Luxury studies This discussion proposes to study luxury through a multidisciplinary approach, from philosophy to sociology and from psychology to economy. First of all, it is to identify the foundations of luxury with the work of Veblen (conspicuous consumption), Bourdieu (distinction and habitus) and Lipovetsky (aesthetical), and to define the contours of luxury. Luxury is part of a historic building. It is associated with “perfection” (Karpik). Refinement, internalized quest, distinction, pleasure of creativity and innovation, luxury is a combination of tangible and intangible composite. On the economic front, luxury is the economy of singularity (Karpik). The price is the main measurable indicator that distinguishes the luxury market.
Nombre de destinations se réclament du tourisme de luxe ; vantant les mérites des nouvelles const... more Nombre de destinations se réclament du tourisme de luxe ; vantant les mérites des nouvelles constructions ex-nihilo, elles imaginent s’imposer dans le champ du tourisme de luxe sans en connaître les fondements. Or, le luxe ne se décrète pas. Le luxe s’inscrit dans un système de production de l’offre spécifique. Il privilégie des établissements singuliers inscrits dans les cadres exceptionnels (nature ou historique) parfois au cœur des grandes capitales pour une jouissance exclusive entre-soi. L’objectif de cette étude est de cerner le luxe dans le champ du tourisme, de définir des indicateurs, d’identifier les conditions nécessaires au tourisme de luxe à travers des établissements, des lieux, des destinations spécialisés. Luxury in Tourism There are a number of tourism destinations which wish to be part of the luxury destination market; with their new and modern infrastructures, they believe they are considered as luxury. But, luxury is not decreed. Luxury is all about a system of production of specific offers. Only “one-of-a-kind” accommodation enrolled in the exceptional frameworks (nature or historical), sometimes in the heart of major capitals for exclusive enjoyment “between-ourself”, can be considered as luxury. The objective of this study is to identify luxury in the tourism field, to define its indicators and to identify the necessary conditions of luxury tourism through accommodation, attractions and destinations specialized in luxury tourism propaganda!
En l’espace de trente ans, la petite île de Saint-Barthélemy (25 km²) est sortie de son isolement... more En l’espace de trente ans, la petite île de Saint-Barthélemy (25 km²) est sortie de son isolement séculaire pour s’imposer parmi les grandes destinations du tourisme de luxe dans le monde. Dans le cadre de cette étude, l’idée est d’identifier les éléments structurels et les différents facteurs conjoncturels qui permettent de comprendre la situation touristique de Saint-Barthélemy. L’exiguïté du territoire en lui-même peut être perçue comme un handicap fondamental ou, inversement, comme un atout considérable. Tout dépend du projet de développement. Il faut savoir tirer profit des spécificités du territoire considéré. Dans le cas de Saint-Barthélemy, l’exiguïté favorise la rareté et cette rareté convoitée n’est accessible qu’aux personnes les plus argentées. La rareté convoitée conduit au luxe. L’isolement est relatif : cette destination n’est pas accessible aux avions gros porteurs, l’essentiel du marché aérien est contrôlé par deux petites compagnies locales et l’espace aérien est ouvert aux petits avions privés. Le luxe ne se décrète pas, il ne se planifie pas. Le tourisme de luxe, c’est l’élection d’un territoire par des élites qui s’y retrouvent pour jouir de leur fortune à l’écart du monde. The Isle of Saint-Barthelemy (the Lesser Antilles): a Luxury Tourism Destination Within thirty years, the small island of Saint-Barthelemy (25 km²) is out of its secular isolation to be among major luxury tourism destinations in the world. In this study, the idea is to identify structural element and different cyclical factors that help to understand Saint-Barthelemy tourism situation. The small size of the territory itself can be seen as a fundamental handicap or, conversely, as a considerable asset. Everything depends on development project. It is necessary to know how to take advantage of specific characteristics of this type of territory. In Saint-Barthelemy case, scarcity is coveted; this coveted rarity is accessible only for rich people. The coveted rarity leads to luxury. Isolation is relative: this destination is not accessible to the jumbo jets. The airline market is controlled essentially by two small local companies and the airspace is open to charter flies and private aircrafts. Some other companies provide more or less regular flights from nearby airports of San Juan (Puerto Rico), Sint-Maarten and Guadeloupe. Luxury cannot be decreed, it is not planned. Luxury tourism is the election of a territory by elites who gather there to enjoy away from the rest of the world.
Cette réflexion propose d’étudier le luxe à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, de la philos... more Cette réflexion propose d’étudier le luxe à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, de la philosophie à la sociologie, de la psychologie à l’économie. Tout d’abord, il s’agit d’identifier les fondements de luxe avec les travaux de Veblen (consommation ostentatoire), de Bourdieu (distinction et habitus) et Lipovetsky (esthétisation), et de définir les contours du luxe. Le luxe s’inscrit dans une construction historique, il est associé à « l’excellence matérielle, symbolique et sociale » (Karpik). Raffinement, quête intériorisée, distinction, plaisir de la créativité et de l’innovation, le luxe est un ensemble composite, matériel et immatériel. Sur le plan économique, le luxe relève de l’économie de singularité (Karpik). La valeur monétaire du lien est le principal indicateur mesurable qui permet de distinguer le marché du luxe. Luxury studies This discussion proposes to study luxury through a multidisciplinary approach, from philosophy to sociology and from psychology to economy. First of all, it is to identify the foundations of luxury with the work of Veblen (conspicuous consumption), Bourdieu (distinction and habitus) and Lipovetsky (aesthetical), and to define the contours of luxury. Luxury is part of a historic building. It is associated with “perfection” (Karpik). Refinement, internalized quest, distinction, pleasure of creativity and innovation, luxury is a combination of tangible and intangible composite. On the economic front, luxury is the economy of singularity (Karpik). The price is the main measurable indicator that distinguishes the luxury market.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Jan 26, 2014
This study examines new tourism strategies in small island destinations in the Caribbean. Heavily... more This study examines new tourism strategies in small island destinations in the Caribbean. Heavily dependent on a tourism sector that favours seaside activities and faced with socio-economic limits and outdated environnemntal models, these islands seek to devleop policies which will maximize economic activity in a context of sustainable tourism. Beyond the scope of the Convention on Sustainable Tourism Zone of the Caribbean (the STZC Convention), which aims to establish the first sustainable tourism zone in the world, this article analyzes the development of ecotourism on the islands of Dominica (an emerging destination) and St. Lucia (which is a consolidation phase).
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Jan 26, 2014
Cruise tourism is an industry with significant growth (17.6 million passengers in 2011). This eco... more Cruise tourism is an industry with significant growth (17.6 million passengers in 2011). This economic sector, which is currently dominated by North American clients who prefer destinations in the Caribbean Sea, is diversifying throughout the world. The cruise industry is strengthening its position in the Mediterranean and Baltic seas and is increasing deployment in East Asia from the shores of the South China Sea to the major rivers. Between continuity and reconstruction, the cruise industry faces several challenges such as the limits of gigantism (more than 6,000 passengers), its relationship with the host territories (ports of call) and the renewal of product "cruise".
Cruise tourism in the world: Continuity and Recomposition
Cruise tourism is a sector that is rap... more Cruise tourism in the world: Continuity and Recomposition
Cruise tourism is a sector that is rapidly expanding (16 million passengers in 2011). Today, cruising remains an essentially American affair, dominated by North American clients whose preferred destination is the Caribbean Sea. American cruise circuits continue to extend and diversify from the Panama Canal to the edge of Alaska. Meanwhile, cruises strengthen their position on the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas and has launched in East Asia from shores of the South China Sea to major rivers. Between continuity and recomposition, the cruise industry faces several challenges such as the limits of overcapacity (more than 6,000 passengers on board), its relationship with the host territories (ports of call), and the renewal of the “cruise” products.
Dare to “Decolonising the mind”:Meeting around the thought of Ngugi wa Thiong'o The aim o... more Dare to “Decolonising the mind”:Meeting around the thought of Ngugi wa Thiong'o The aim of this article is to propose the basis for an open reflection on the sources of colonization through the literary approach proposed by Ngugi. In this context, it has been repetitively noted that the relations between Colonized and Colonizer (Memmi) are tenacious in our nature and everyday ways of thinking. And, contradictorily, the term "colonization" seems to evoke the days of yore, already accomplished, in our minds - one of the closed chapters in history - while the colonial-type armed conflicts and the process of recolonization have burst out again by the beginning of XXI century. Conquering the African resources, then to chase with all haste - using many stratagems - the least conciliatory leaders! The colonization is a process of the politico-economic exploitation that requires a mind control, of both the colonized and the colonizers.
Tourism and Poverty: Open the scope of the possible
Poverty is a global concern and internationa... more Tourism and Poverty: Open the scope of the possible
Poverty is a global concern and international tourism is seen as a tool to fight against poverty.This is the issue addressed in this reflection: What is poverty? Consider tourism as a remedy requires first to question the nature of evil. It is therefore necessary to analyze at first, poverty without reducing to its economic approach. Poverty is a multidimensional concept, which should be studied in a systematic approach. Tourism attracted international institutions and many politicians (at local and national levels) by its development opportunities. Tourism is distinguished by its adaptability and its ability to transform host environments. These are consumers who move from producers (home territories). This activity therefore provides direct revenue for the host societies.Hence the tourism capabilities to create specific jobs and stimulate investment. However, if the economic potential is undeniable, this activity should be placed in a real development project that benefits the poorest territories.
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Papers by THENG Sopheap
Résumé:
Le tourisme durable et l’écotourisme ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans le champ du tourisme en soutenant des approches renouvelées, une autre relecture des ressources, d’autres rapports entre les touristes et les sociétés hôtes. Dans le cadre de cette étude, après avoir souligné le champ des possibles en matière d’écotourisme, l’accent est mis sur les enjeux touristiques dans la commune de Sainte-Anne (sud de la Martinique) ; la principale commune touristique de l’île. L’équipe municipale y mène un programme volontaire de développement durable qui vise à insérer le tourisme dans un développement plus global de la commune. Du discours à la conduite des opérations sur le terrain, les défis sont importants dans cette commune dominée par des pratiques balnéaires classiques qui entend mettre en avant des modèles écotouristiques.
Résumé:
Le tourisme de masse s’inscrit dans une construction historique. Il prend son origine au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale avec la croissance économique soutenue des pays occidentaux. L’affirmation économique des nouveaux pays industrialisés conforte ce phénomène. Le tourisme de masse correspond à l’émergence des classes moyennes et à la démocratisation du tourisme dans les pays riches. Il se concentre dans quelques destinations internationales réputées. Cette concentration massive de visiteurs a des conséquences économique, sociale, culturelle et écologique. Si le volume global de ses revenus touristiques est intéressant (en matière d’emplois et de croissance économique), il pose également des problèmes sur le plan local (fuites des revenus, la répartition). C’est dans ce contexte que se développent les réflexions sur les approches touristiques alternatives. Il s’agit de développer de nouvelles formes de tourisme durable qui intègrent les populations locales et les environnements naturel et humain des pays d’accueil. Ecotourisme, tourisme communautaire, etc. soutiennent une autre philosophie du tourisme.
les fondements de luxe avec les travaux de Veblen (consommation ostentatoire), de Bourdieu (distinction et
habitus) et Lipovetsky (esthétisation), et de définir les contours du luxe. Le luxe s’inscrit dans une construction historique, il est associé à « l’excellence matérielle, symbolique et sociale » (Karpik). Raffinement, quête intériorisée, distinction, plaisir de la créativité et de l’innovation, le luxe est un ensemble composite, matériel et immatériel. Sur le plan économique, le luxe relève de l’économie de singularité (Karpik). La valeur monétaire du lien est le principal indicateur mesurable qui permet de distinguer le marché du luxe.
Luxury studies
This discussion proposes to study luxury through a multidisciplinary approach, from philosophy to sociology and from psychology to economy. First of all, it is to identify
the foundations of luxury with the work of Veblen (conspicuous consumption), Bourdieu (distinction and habitus) and Lipovetsky (aesthetical), and to define the contours of luxury.
Luxury is part of a historic building. It is associated with “perfection” (Karpik). Refinement, internalized quest, distinction, pleasure of creativity and innovation, luxury is a combination of
tangible and intangible composite. On the economic front, luxury is the economy of singularity (Karpik). The price is the main measurable indicator that distinguishes the luxury market.
Luxury in Tourism
There are a number of tourism destinations which wish to be part of the luxury destination market; with their new and modern infrastructures, they believe they are considered as luxury. But, luxury is not decreed. Luxury is all about a system of production of specific offers. Only “one-of-a-kind” accommodation enrolled in the exceptional frameworks (nature or historical), sometimes in the heart of major capitals for exclusive enjoyment “between-ourself”, can be considered as luxury. The objective of this study is to identify luxury in the tourism field, to define its indicators and to identify the necessary conditions of luxury tourism through
accommodation, attractions and destinations specialized in luxury tourism propaganda!
Saint-Barthélemy. L’exiguïté du territoire en lui-même peut être perçue comme un handicap fondamental ou, inversement, comme un atout considérable. Tout dépend du projet de
développement. Il faut savoir tirer profit des spécificités du territoire considéré. Dans le cas de Saint-Barthélemy, l’exiguïté favorise la rareté et cette rareté convoitée n’est accessible qu’aux personnes les plus argentées. La rareté convoitée conduit au luxe. L’isolement est relatif : cette destination n’est pas accessible aux avions gros porteurs, l’essentiel du marché aérien est contrôlé par deux petites compagnies locales et l’espace aérien est ouvert aux petits avions privés. Le luxe ne se décrète pas, il ne se planifie pas. Le tourisme de luxe, c’est l’élection d’un territoire par des élites qui s’y retrouvent pour jouir de leur fortune à l’écart du monde.
The Isle of Saint-Barthelemy (the Lesser Antilles): a Luxury Tourism Destination
Within thirty years, the small island of Saint-Barthelemy (25 km²) is out of its secular isolation to be among major luxury tourism destinations in the world. In this study, the idea is to identify structural element and different cyclical factors that help to understand Saint-Barthelemy tourism situation. The small size of the territory itself can be seen as a fundamental handicap or, conversely, as a considerable asset. Everything depends on development project. It is necessary to know how to take advantage of specific characteristics of this type of territory.
In Saint-Barthelemy case, scarcity is coveted; this coveted rarity is accessible only for rich people. The coveted rarity leads to luxury. Isolation is relative: this destination is not accessible
to the jumbo jets. The airline market is controlled essentially by two small local companies and the airspace is open to charter flies and private aircrafts. Some other companies provide
more or less regular flights from nearby airports of San Juan (Puerto Rico), Sint-Maarten and Guadeloupe. Luxury cannot be decreed, it is not planned. Luxury tourism is the election of a
territory by elites who gather there to enjoy away from the rest of the world.
les fondements de luxe avec les travaux de Veblen (consommation ostentatoire), de Bourdieu (distinction et
habitus) et Lipovetsky (esthétisation), et de définir les contours du luxe. Le luxe s’inscrit dans une construction historique, il est associé à « l’excellence matérielle, symbolique et sociale » (Karpik). Raffinement, quête intériorisée, distinction, plaisir de la créativité et de l’innovation, le luxe est un ensemble composite, matériel et immatériel. Sur le plan économique, le luxe relève de l’économie de singularité (Karpik). La valeur monétaire du lien est le principal indicateur mesurable qui permet de distinguer le marché du luxe.
Luxury studies
This discussion proposes to study luxury through a multidisciplinary approach, from philosophy to sociology and from psychology to economy. First of all, it is to identify
the foundations of luxury with the work of Veblen (conspicuous consumption), Bourdieu (distinction and habitus) and Lipovetsky (aesthetical), and to define the contours of luxury.
Luxury is part of a historic building. It is associated with “perfection” (Karpik). Refinement, internalized quest, distinction, pleasure of creativity and innovation, luxury is a combination of
tangible and intangible composite. On the economic front, luxury is the economy of singularity (Karpik). The price is the main measurable indicator that distinguishes the luxury market.
Cruise tourism is a sector that is rapidly expanding (16 million passengers in 2011). Today, cruising remains an essentially American affair, dominated by North American clients whose preferred destination is the Caribbean Sea. American cruise circuits continue to extend and diversify from the Panama Canal to the edge of Alaska. Meanwhile, cruises strengthen their position on the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas and has launched in East Asia from shores of the South China Sea to major rivers. Between continuity and recomposition, the cruise industry faces several challenges such as the limits of overcapacity (more than 6,000 passengers on board), its relationship with the host territories (ports of call), and the renewal of the “cruise” products.
Poverty is a global concern and international tourism is seen as a tool to fight against poverty.This is the issue addressed in this reflection: What is poverty? Consider tourism as a remedy requires first to question the nature of evil. It is therefore necessary to analyze at first, poverty without reducing to its economic approach. Poverty is a multidimensional concept, which should be studied in a systematic approach. Tourism attracted international institutions and many politicians (at local and national levels) by its development opportunities. Tourism is distinguished by its adaptability and its ability to transform host environments. These are consumers who move from producers (home territories). This activity therefore provides direct revenue for the host societies.Hence the tourism capabilities to create specific jobs and stimulate investment. However, if the economic potential is undeniable, this activity should be placed in a real development project that benefits the poorest territories.
Résumé:
Le tourisme durable et l’écotourisme ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans le champ du tourisme en soutenant des approches renouvelées, une autre relecture des ressources, d’autres rapports entre les touristes et les sociétés hôtes. Dans le cadre de cette étude, après avoir souligné le champ des possibles en matière d’écotourisme, l’accent est mis sur les enjeux touristiques dans la commune de Sainte-Anne (sud de la Martinique) ; la principale commune touristique de l’île. L’équipe municipale y mène un programme volontaire de développement durable qui vise à insérer le tourisme dans un développement plus global de la commune. Du discours à la conduite des opérations sur le terrain, les défis sont importants dans cette commune dominée par des pratiques balnéaires classiques qui entend mettre en avant des modèles écotouristiques.
Résumé:
Le tourisme de masse s’inscrit dans une construction historique. Il prend son origine au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale avec la croissance économique soutenue des pays occidentaux. L’affirmation économique des nouveaux pays industrialisés conforte ce phénomène. Le tourisme de masse correspond à l’émergence des classes moyennes et à la démocratisation du tourisme dans les pays riches. Il se concentre dans quelques destinations internationales réputées. Cette concentration massive de visiteurs a des conséquences économique, sociale, culturelle et écologique. Si le volume global de ses revenus touristiques est intéressant (en matière d’emplois et de croissance économique), il pose également des problèmes sur le plan local (fuites des revenus, la répartition). C’est dans ce contexte que se développent les réflexions sur les approches touristiques alternatives. Il s’agit de développer de nouvelles formes de tourisme durable qui intègrent les populations locales et les environnements naturel et humain des pays d’accueil. Ecotourisme, tourisme communautaire, etc. soutiennent une autre philosophie du tourisme.
les fondements de luxe avec les travaux de Veblen (consommation ostentatoire), de Bourdieu (distinction et
habitus) et Lipovetsky (esthétisation), et de définir les contours du luxe. Le luxe s’inscrit dans une construction historique, il est associé à « l’excellence matérielle, symbolique et sociale » (Karpik). Raffinement, quête intériorisée, distinction, plaisir de la créativité et de l’innovation, le luxe est un ensemble composite, matériel et immatériel. Sur le plan économique, le luxe relève de l’économie de singularité (Karpik). La valeur monétaire du lien est le principal indicateur mesurable qui permet de distinguer le marché du luxe.
Luxury studies
This discussion proposes to study luxury through a multidisciplinary approach, from philosophy to sociology and from psychology to economy. First of all, it is to identify
the foundations of luxury with the work of Veblen (conspicuous consumption), Bourdieu (distinction and habitus) and Lipovetsky (aesthetical), and to define the contours of luxury.
Luxury is part of a historic building. It is associated with “perfection” (Karpik). Refinement, internalized quest, distinction, pleasure of creativity and innovation, luxury is a combination of
tangible and intangible composite. On the economic front, luxury is the economy of singularity (Karpik). The price is the main measurable indicator that distinguishes the luxury market.
Luxury in Tourism
There are a number of tourism destinations which wish to be part of the luxury destination market; with their new and modern infrastructures, they believe they are considered as luxury. But, luxury is not decreed. Luxury is all about a system of production of specific offers. Only “one-of-a-kind” accommodation enrolled in the exceptional frameworks (nature or historical), sometimes in the heart of major capitals for exclusive enjoyment “between-ourself”, can be considered as luxury. The objective of this study is to identify luxury in the tourism field, to define its indicators and to identify the necessary conditions of luxury tourism through
accommodation, attractions and destinations specialized in luxury tourism propaganda!
Saint-Barthélemy. L’exiguïté du territoire en lui-même peut être perçue comme un handicap fondamental ou, inversement, comme un atout considérable. Tout dépend du projet de
développement. Il faut savoir tirer profit des spécificités du territoire considéré. Dans le cas de Saint-Barthélemy, l’exiguïté favorise la rareté et cette rareté convoitée n’est accessible qu’aux personnes les plus argentées. La rareté convoitée conduit au luxe. L’isolement est relatif : cette destination n’est pas accessible aux avions gros porteurs, l’essentiel du marché aérien est contrôlé par deux petites compagnies locales et l’espace aérien est ouvert aux petits avions privés. Le luxe ne se décrète pas, il ne se planifie pas. Le tourisme de luxe, c’est l’élection d’un territoire par des élites qui s’y retrouvent pour jouir de leur fortune à l’écart du monde.
The Isle of Saint-Barthelemy (the Lesser Antilles): a Luxury Tourism Destination
Within thirty years, the small island of Saint-Barthelemy (25 km²) is out of its secular isolation to be among major luxury tourism destinations in the world. In this study, the idea is to identify structural element and different cyclical factors that help to understand Saint-Barthelemy tourism situation. The small size of the territory itself can be seen as a fundamental handicap or, conversely, as a considerable asset. Everything depends on development project. It is necessary to know how to take advantage of specific characteristics of this type of territory.
In Saint-Barthelemy case, scarcity is coveted; this coveted rarity is accessible only for rich people. The coveted rarity leads to luxury. Isolation is relative: this destination is not accessible
to the jumbo jets. The airline market is controlled essentially by two small local companies and the airspace is open to charter flies and private aircrafts. Some other companies provide
more or less regular flights from nearby airports of San Juan (Puerto Rico), Sint-Maarten and Guadeloupe. Luxury cannot be decreed, it is not planned. Luxury tourism is the election of a
territory by elites who gather there to enjoy away from the rest of the world.
les fondements de luxe avec les travaux de Veblen (consommation ostentatoire), de Bourdieu (distinction et
habitus) et Lipovetsky (esthétisation), et de définir les contours du luxe. Le luxe s’inscrit dans une construction historique, il est associé à « l’excellence matérielle, symbolique et sociale » (Karpik). Raffinement, quête intériorisée, distinction, plaisir de la créativité et de l’innovation, le luxe est un ensemble composite, matériel et immatériel. Sur le plan économique, le luxe relève de l’économie de singularité (Karpik). La valeur monétaire du lien est le principal indicateur mesurable qui permet de distinguer le marché du luxe.
Luxury studies
This discussion proposes to study luxury through a multidisciplinary approach, from philosophy to sociology and from psychology to economy. First of all, it is to identify
the foundations of luxury with the work of Veblen (conspicuous consumption), Bourdieu (distinction and habitus) and Lipovetsky (aesthetical), and to define the contours of luxury.
Luxury is part of a historic building. It is associated with “perfection” (Karpik). Refinement, internalized quest, distinction, pleasure of creativity and innovation, luxury is a combination of
tangible and intangible composite. On the economic front, luxury is the economy of singularity (Karpik). The price is the main measurable indicator that distinguishes the luxury market.
Cruise tourism is a sector that is rapidly expanding (16 million passengers in 2011). Today, cruising remains an essentially American affair, dominated by North American clients whose preferred destination is the Caribbean Sea. American cruise circuits continue to extend and diversify from the Panama Canal to the edge of Alaska. Meanwhile, cruises strengthen their position on the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas and has launched in East Asia from shores of the South China Sea to major rivers. Between continuity and recomposition, the cruise industry faces several challenges such as the limits of overcapacity (more than 6,000 passengers on board), its relationship with the host territories (ports of call), and the renewal of the “cruise” products.
Poverty is a global concern and international tourism is seen as a tool to fight against poverty.This is the issue addressed in this reflection: What is poverty? Consider tourism as a remedy requires first to question the nature of evil. It is therefore necessary to analyze at first, poverty without reducing to its economic approach. Poverty is a multidimensional concept, which should be studied in a systematic approach. Tourism attracted international institutions and many politicians (at local and national levels) by its development opportunities. Tourism is distinguished by its adaptability and its ability to transform host environments. These are consumers who move from producers (home territories). This activity therefore provides direct revenue for the host societies.Hence the tourism capabilities to create specific jobs and stimulate investment. However, if the economic potential is undeniable, this activity should be placed in a real development project that benefits the poorest territories.