Kaniv Nature Reserve

Checklist of the birds of Ukraine. - V. Grishchenko. - Berkut. 13 (2). 2004. - P. 141-154.
The first checklist of bird fauna of Ukraine in English. Species are considered in categories of the AERC (Association of European Rarities Committees). In total 423 bird species were included in the checklist. 419 from them have been recorded in wild state and represent the natural avifauna of Ukraine (categories A–C). 4 species were found only as escapes (category D). 22 species recorded only before 1950 (categories B and BD) and do not occur in wild state at present. 397 species make up the current bird fauna of Ukraine (categories A and C), 4 from them were introduced (C).

Phenology of the autumn migration of the Common Crane in Ukraine. - V.N. Grishchenko. - Berkut. 16 (2). 2007. - P. 250-263.
Timing of the autumn migration is analysed on the base of own observations, phenological questionnaire, literature data and unpublished information. Obtained data cover the period in 40 years – 1968–2007. Main statistic parameters of timing and ratio of flight directions of crane flocks for 25 regions of Ukraine were calculated (Tables 1–2), phenological maps of migration were drawn. Timing of migration of cranes is very extended. First migrating flocks are observed in all the regions in August but in some points they can appear only in October. Average dates of start of passage fall on the second and the third ten-days of September. The last flocks are registered since September till November. Average dates fall as a rule on October. Few cranes can winter in southern regions and in the south of West Ukraine. Analysis of yearly average dates for the period in 40 years shown significant trends in phenology. Migrations starts earlier (R2 = 0,60, a = –0,40, p < 0,001) and ends later (R2 = 0,11, a = 0,12, p < 0,05), duration of the passage increases (R2 = 0,53, a = 0,50, p < 0,001) (Fig. 3–4). Cranes pass over the territory of Ukraine in two large migration streams (Fig. 1–2). They correspond to branches of Russian-Pontic flyway (according to Flint and Pancheshnikova, 1982, 1985). In total the southern direction of migration prevails in Ukraine. Ratio of flight directions very differs in separate regions (Table 3, Fig. 5). It depends on local features. The most interesting in this regard is the south-east of Ukraine. A part of cranes skirts the Sea of Azov and in East Ukraine prevailing flight directions form a large “funnel”. Its mouth is directed to Sivash and the Crimea. No wonder that very large premigratory gatherings arise in the area of Sivash and Askania-Nova. Graphs of flight directions show the tendency to bypass of ecological barriers (sea and mountains). Prevalence of the main flight direction is most expressed during the crossing of an ecological barrier. Location of flyways of the Common Crane in Ukraine can be explained by the optimisation of energetic costs for migration. [Russian].

Number dynamics of the White Stork in Ukraine in 1994–2003. - V.N. Grishchenko. - Berkut. 13 (1). 2004. - P. 38-61.
White Stork is a convenient species for the analysis of patterns of population dynamics. Moreover, reasons of general and synchronous number increasing remain in many respects not clear. In Ukraine number dynamics of the species is influenced by two factors during many years: general changes in numbers and continuing expansion of the White Stork to the east. Therefore trends differed in east regions and in other parts of the country. In Ukraine in 1992 has started the program of monitoring of the White Stork population. Ornithologists and voluntary helpers take part in observations. Data are obtained on the net of constant study plots in different regions. They let control breeding success and number dynamics in the country. In total the information from 134 plots in 22 regions of Ukraine is obtained in 1992–2003. On 63 from them observations were carried out during 3 and more years, on 15 ones – during 10–12 years, on 1 – 17. Since 1994 the obtained data are sufficient for the analysis of number dynamics. Considered ten years cover the period between Vth (1994–1995) and VIth (2004–2005) International White Stork Censuses. For the analysis of population dynamics the average increment of numbers on study plots in % were used. Since 1994 the increase of number permanently rose (Fig. 1). Maximum of increasing was registered in 1996 and 1998. In 1997 number of the White Stork has sharply decreased. This year was catastrophic for the species almost in whole Europe. It was caused by bad conditions during wintering and spring migration. Already the next year population was completely restored and number increasing continued. Since 1999 rate of growth began to decrease and last years population was stabilized. Comparison of dynamics of number increasing in three large regions of Ukraine (Fig. 2) shows that this process has firstly started in North-East Ukraine, the greatest increase of number was registered also here. In 1994–1998 numbers changed in all three regions synchronously. Later this synchronism was reduced and last years changes went discordantly. Ceasing of number increasing after 2000 was registered also in other countries, for example in Germany. Expansion of the White Stork has wave-like pattern. One of such waves in fact was traced during the period of observations. This wave has started in Ukraine with number increasing early in 1990s. Enlargement of the breeding range was observed in east regions of the country. At the same time the expansion livened up in Russia. General questions of expansion and number increasing of the White Stork are discussed. In Ukraine the number increased first of all and to a greatest extent in optimal habitats with low population density. Expansion of the White Stork in East Europe can be considered as filling of “faunistic emptiness” remaining in North Palearctic after the last glaciation. The expansion is vectorial. In East Europe it goes to the east, a lesser degree – to the north, but not to the south. This phenomenon can be connected with genetic determination of direction of young birds dispersal in population near the east border of the breeding range. Such “directed” population can be formed by the natural selection. Mechanism is similar to genetic control of partial migration well studied by P. Berthold and colleagues. If different directions of dispersal are equal for the population, existing various genetic programs of dispersal will remain in the same ratio. But if one of the directions give a preference in breeding success, the part of birds with this variant of the program will increase. “Vector of expansion” can be predetermined also by other factors. For example, dispersal goes on the way of “minimum resistance”, on areas having favourable conditions for breeding but with low population density of storks or full absence of them. At last, combination of endogenous and exogenous control of dispersal is possible. Breeding success of the White Stork is higher in east part of the breeding range: in Ukraine (the Dnieper area and eastwards from this river) and in many regions of Russia. This fact explains a well known contradiction: storks continued advance to the east in spite of number decreasing of the species and depression of populations in many countries. The east part of breeding range are all-sufficient for the expansion: high breeding success and predominant direction of dispersal create the necessary prerequisites for further moving eastwards in spite of the situation in other parts of the breeding range. In Ukraine the negative correlation between population density and breeding success of the White Stork was not found. Probably ecological capacity of environment is far from the saturation and population density is not a limiting factor. It creates prerequisites for further number increasing. Only on one large area in Ukraine considerable number decreasing of storks was noted: they almost stopped breeding in Chernobyl exclusion zone in 1990s. But it is connected not with population trends. This area became unsuitable for the White Stork because of evacuation of people and desolation of agricultural lands. Close correlation between changes of numbers and breeding success was found (Table 2). It means, that dynamics in both cases are caused by the same factors. First of all these are conditions in wintering area. Their influence on eastern population of the White Stork is discussed. It is supposed that reasons of its rise are also connected with African wintering grounds. May be global climate changes in Africa have caused the improvement of food supply for wintering storks. It promoted increasing the survival rate and breeding success and was an impuls for synchronous changes in numbers on the territory of whole breeding range of the European subspecies. Number of White Stork in Ukraine in 2003 is estimated at least in 25000–30000 breeding pairs. [Russian].

Catastrophic years for the White Stork: analysis of three cases in Ukraine. - V.N. Grishchenko. - Berkut. 18 (1-2). 2009. - P. 22-40.
Normal number dynamics of the White Stork are sometimes interrupted by sharp declines. They are accompanied by the delayed arrival and the reduction of breeding success. This is an interesting phenomenon called ‘catastrophic’ or ‘disturbance’ year (German – ‘Störungsjahr’). In catastrophic years the influence of adverse factors has complex and global character. It reveals itself on large territories including many countries. During monitoring of the White Stork population in Ukraine in 1992–2009, this phenomenon was registered three times: in 1997, 2005 and 2009. Peculiarities of these years are analysed. Data were obtained from the net of constant study plots in all parts of the country. This net is representative and covers the main breeding grounds of the White Stork in Ukraine. Breeding success, number dynamics and migration timing have been investigating. For the analysis of number dynamics the obtained data are sufficient since 1994. We used the average increment of numbers on study plots in percents. In catastrophic years number decreasing was considerable: from –11,3% in 2009 г. to –16,3% in 2005 г. (Table 1, Fig. 1). In separate regions this decline was even greater. For example, in 2005 in North-East Ukraine the stork population decreased almost in a third. It is important that such number declines do not concern with tendencies of its changes in former years. In 1997 the depression fell on the peak of wave of number increasing, in 2005 and 2009 drops happened during the period of linear increasing. In all the cases the evolution of numbers did not predict following events. These jumps are indeed a catastrophic appearance nowise connected with long-term trends. There were regional differences in values of number fluctuations. In 1997 the average increasing rate had no significant differences in various parts of the country, but in 2005 and 2009 it rose from the west to the east (Table 1). The renewal of the population after catastrophic years happened differently. The drop in 1997 did not change the situation: the wave of number increasing continued. The very high increasing in 1998 (maximal during the period of investigation) fully compensated the decline and gave further growth. Moreover, it occurred synchronously in all parts of the country. Only on some study plots the renewal of number lasted 2–3 years. After 2005 the population was not restored so fast in any region of Ukraine. Furthermore, in West Ukraine continued the small number decreasing. Reproductive parameters also were appreciably decreased in catastrophic years. They had the minimal values during 18 years of observations in 1997 (Fig. 2, Tables 2, 3). Catastrophic years have started with the delay of migration of storks. Mean dates of the first arrival distinctly overstep the limits of usual fluctuations (Fig. 3). But in separate points the birds can appear in normal times. In catastrophic years timing of migration was prolonged. If for 15 normal years the standard deviation of first arrival dates made on average 7,59 ± 0,34 (5,2–9,9), then for three unfavourable seasons it rose to 10,47 ± 0,37 (9,8–11,0). The difference is significant (t = 3,68, p = 0,002). Features and reasons of catastrophic years are discussed. A year can be considered as catastrophic if 4 conditions meet: 1) delay of the arrival, 2) number decreasing, 3) reduction of the reproductive success, 4) these phenomena take place in a large territory. Reasons of catastrophic years are now well known. First of all these are the adverse conditions of wintering and to lesser extent problems during the spring migration. Already there are many data evidencing that population dynamics of long-distance migrants to a great extent are determined by conditions in wintering grounds. Survival of adult birds and for many species also result of breeding depends on them. The White Stork was one of the first birds for which these regularities were studied. Close correlation between the number dynamics and the breeding success of the White Stork in Ukraine was found (Table 4). It means that fluctuations in both cases are determined by the same factors. First of all, these are the conditions in wintering grounds. Therefore, the wintering area serves as a peculiar regulating system extensively determining the state of the population. This connection can be shown not only in extremal years but also in quite normal breeding seasons. In population dynamics of the White Stork the influence of global factors predominates. It can be good shown comparing number dynamics in Ukraine and in Germany (Fig. 1). These countries are located at the opposite ends of the breeding range of the Eastern White Stork population, but number fluctuations correlate very close (r = 0,91, p < 0,001). For the comparison of years with each other two indexes based on normalized deviates of three main parameters are proposed (ta – n. d. of mean arrival date, tn – n. d. of mean increasing rate, tf – n. d. of mean number of fledged youngs per breeding pair, JZa). Index of disturbance Id is a mean absolute value of normalized deviates in a catastrophic year: Id = (|ta|+ |tn| + |tf|)/3. Index of favourability If is the sum of normalized deviates with the corresponding sign: If = tn + tf – ta. 1997 was the most unfavourable year during the study period. Ukrainian storks belong to the Eastern core population by H. Schulz (1999). But it is not a single whole and can be separated in two parts: the core one and the peripheral one. The peripheral part has many differences from the core part, it is more reactive and unstable. [Russian].

State of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) population in Ukraine in 2012. - V.N. Grishchenko, E.D. Yablonovska-Grishchenko. - Berkut. 21 (1-2). 2012. - P. 50-63.
The year 2012 was 21st one of monitoring studies of the White Stork in Ukraine. Data analysed were obtained on 132 monitoring plots in all the regions of Ukraine. They had 1652 occupied nests on the overall area 9.6 ths km2. Migration and breeding phenology, number dynamics and breeding success were studied. The year was medium for the White Stork population in Ukraine by majority of parameters. Timing of the spring arrival was close to average dates. In separate regions deviations of mean first arrival dates from long-term mean dates (1992–2012) fluctuated from –3.2 to +4.0 (0.03 ± 0.55 days (± se), 14 regions). Young birds left the nests since 5.07, majority of broods started to fly on 15–25.07. Mean date of the fledge was 21.07 (± 0.3 days, n = 58). The autumn passage went also in usual terms. The first migrating flocks were observed on average on 16.08 (± 1.6 days, n = 20, lim: 30.07–28.08). Last departures were registered since 20.08 till 8.10 (average – 1.09, n = 30). In 2012, the White Stork population in Ukraine has slightly increased. On monitoring plots, the number rose on average in 3.4 ± 1.3% (n = 108). The largest number increasing was registered in Central Ukraine (10.0 ± 3.4%, n = 15). Reproductive parameters were close to long-term means. Storks raised on average 2.50 ± 0.05 fledged youngs per breeding pair (JZa) and 2.78 ± 0.04 fledged youngs per successful pair (JZm). 10.2 ± 0.9 pairs bred unsuccessful. Productivity of breeding rose from the west to the east. It was expressed to the greatest extent in northern part of Ukraine. The peculiar gradient was traced across the forest zone from Volynia to Chernigiv region. Reproductive parameters were the lowest in West Ukraine to the North from the Carpathians (JZa = 2.08 ± 0.05; JZm = 2.35 ± 0.05; n = 40) and the highest in North-East Ukraine (JZa = 3.04 ± 0.13; JZm = 3.25 ± 0.11; n = 17). Broods had from 1 to 6 fledglings. Majority of stork pairs in Ukraine raised 3 youngs (40.1%, n = 1445). Frequency graphs varied for different regions. In West Ukraine 47.6% of stork pairs raised only two youngs. The largest number of big broods was found in South-East Ukraine: 47.8% of them had 4 fledglings. Only one nest with 6 young storks was registered in Chernigiv region. The proportion of broods with 5 fledglings varied from full absence in Central Ukraine and the plain part of West Ukraine to 10.9% in north-eastern part of the country. [Russian].

State of the White Stork population in Ukraine in 2011. - V.N. Grishchenko, E.D. Yablonovska-Grishchenko. - Berkut. 20 (1-2). 2011. - P. 37-51.
Data analysed were obtained on 125 monitoring plots in all the regions of Ukraine. They had 1502 occupied nests on the overall area 9.3 ths km2. Migration and breeding phenology, number dynamics and breeding success were studied. The year was very unfavourable for the White Stork because of bad weather conditions: cold and protracted spring, enduring drought till mid June and heavy torrential rains in late June – early July. Timing of the spring arrival was close to average dates. In separate regions deviations of mean first arrival dates from long-term mean dates (1992–2011) fluctuated from –4.1 to +4.6 (0.11 ± 0,79 days (± se), 11 regions). Young birds left the nests since 10.07 till 14.08, majority of broods started to fly on 18–25.07. Mean date of the fledge is 21.07 (± 0.7 days, n = 77). The autumn passage went also in usual terms. The first migrating flocks were observed on average on 16.08 (± 2.3 days, n = 11, lim: 4.08–25.08). Last departures were registered since 17.08 till 28.09 (average – 31.08, n = 29). In 2011, the White Stork population in Ukraine remained practically stable. On monitoring plots the number increased on average in 2.3 ± 1.5% (n = 97). In separate parts of the country, the numbers fluctuated in different ways without definite trends. Only in the Carpathians the population essentially increased. The average gain of number on 6 study plots made up 16.4 ± 7.6%. The Carpathian population of the White Stork has restored with delay in one year after the decline in catastrophic year 2009. In 2010, the renewal was incomplete. Reproductive parameters were lower in 2011 than long-term mean values. Storks raised on average 2.26 ± 0,05 fledged youngs per breeding pair and 2.60 ± 0,05 fledged youngs per successful pair. 13.0 ± 1.2 pairs bred unsuccessful. Productivity of breeding rose from the west to the east. Reproductive parameters were the lowest in West and Central Ukraine and the highest in South Ukraine. The maximal number of youngs storks raised in the south-east part of the country (JZa = 2.94 ± 0.32; JZm = 3.52 ± 0.22; n = 6). In 2011, broods had from 1 to 6 fledglings. Majority of stork pairs in Ukraine raised 2 youngs (39.5%, n = 1249). It is characteristic only for very unfavourable years. Frequency graphs varied for different regions. In West and Central Ukraine about the half of stork pairs raised two youngs but in other parts of the country maximum fel on broods with three youngs. 2 nests with 6 fledglings were registered on the lower Dnieper in Kherson region. The proportion of broods with 5 fledglings rose from 0.4% in West Ukraine to 9.5% in east regions and 10.8% in South Ukraine. In Central Ukraine and in the Carpathians they were not found at all. The year 2011 was very bad for the White Stork but it is not a catastrophic year. Its parameters do not correspond to the formerly described criteria (see Grishchenko, 2009). [Russian].

State of the White Stork population in Ukraine in 2010. - V.N. Grishchenko, E.D. Yablonovska-Grishchenko. - Berkut. 19 (1-2). 2010. - P. 81-92.
Data were obtained on 99 monitoring plots in all the regions of Ukraine. They had 1218 occupied nests on the overall area 7.8 ths km2. Migration and breeding phenology, number dynamics and breeding success were studied. The year was favourable for the White Stork. The spring arrival was early. In separate regions deviations of mean first arrival dates from long-term mean dates (1992–2010) fluctuated from –7.8 to +1.4 (–3,49 ± 0,61 days (± se), 17 regions). Young birds left the nests since 10.07 till 5.08, majority of broods started to fly on 15–20.07. Mean date of the fledge is 18.07 (± 0,8 days, n = 34). The autumn passage started also unusually early. The first migrating flocks were observed in some points already in late July – early August. Last departures were registered since 16.08 till 5.10. In 2010 the White Stork population in Ukraine has renewed after drastic number decreasing in a catastrophic year 2009. On monitoring plots the number increased on average in 13,9 ± 2,4% (n = 75). It exceeded the decline in 2009 (–11,1 ± 1,5%, n = 77). The stork population has restored in the whole country and in majority of regions except the Carpathians. In Central Ukraine the renewal was incomplete (8,2 ± 5,4, n = 10 in 2010 vs. –8,3 ± 5,4, n = 8 in 2009). Storks raised on average 2,61 ± 0,05 fledged youngs per breeding pair and 2,96 ± 0,05 fledged youngs per successful pair. 11,6 ± 0,9 pairs bred unsuccessful. Reproductive parameters in 2010 some exceeded the long-term mean values. Productivity of breeding rose from the west to the east. Reproductive parameters were the lowest in the Carpathians and the highest in the left-bank part of Ukraine (to the east from the Dnieper). The highest part of unsuccessful pairs was found on 5 monitoring plots near the border of breeding range in South-East and East Ukraine but at the same time there were the largest broods here (JZm = 3,98 ± 0,12). In 2010 broods had from 1 to 6 fledglings. Majority of stork pairs raised 3 youngs (37,8%, n = 1035). 4 nests with 6 fledglings were registered in Chernigiv and Sumy regions. The share of broods with 5 fledglings rose from 0.7% in west regions to 15.0% in North-East Ukraine and 17.3% in East Ukraine. According to proposed index of favourability (Grishchenko, 2009) the year 2010 was one of the best during the period of monitoring (1992–2010). The actual number of White Stork population in Ukraine is estimated in at least 30–35 ths breeding pairs. [Russian].

Distribution of the White Stork in the Crimea and some aspects of expansion of the species. - V.N. Grishchenko, E.D. Yablonovska-Grishchenko. - Berkut. 20 (1-2). 2011. - P. 52-64.
The White Stork is a convenient model species for the study of general regularities of bird expansion. The Crimea is a good model area for this aim. History of the appearance of stork nests here is relatively well known. Separate pairs nested in the northern and north-eastern parts of the peninsula already in XIX and XXth centuries. But it was only a pulsation of the breeding range. The nests soon disappeared. The stable breeding has started since late 1970s – early 1980s. We studied the distribution of the species in 2009–2011. In total, 32 occupied nests were registered (all of them were controlled in 2011). Overall number of the White Stork was estimated in 32–35 breeding pairs. It is increasing during last years. The distribution of White Stork in the Crimea is aggregated. There are three large remote breeding grounds in north-western, eastern and south-eastern parts of the peninsula and possible fourth one in the north near Sivash. Such aggregated distribution is typical for the White Stork on the border of breeding range. The separate breeding grounds were found also in Moscow region and many other territories from steppe to taiga. Formation of them is discussed. An other interesting feature: majority of stork nests in the Crimea (46.9%) were located near villages but not inside them. 18.8% of nests were built far from settlements. Only 6.3% of nests were located near houses. First stork nests appeared near paddy-fields and now majority of them are situated in this habitat. But in the newest breeding ground in the South-Eastern Crimea storks are not connected with this culture. Breeding of White Stork in the Crimea is fairly unsteady. The nests can vanish and appear in quite other places. [Russian].

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in the Kaniv Nature Reserve

V.N. Grishchenko, E.D. Yablonovskaya-Grishchenko

Keywords: cormorant, Kaniv Nature Reserve, breeding, migration, wintering.

The Kaniv Nature Reserve is situated in the Middle Dnieper area near the town of Kaniv. Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) nests on the Kruglik Island, in a mixed colony with Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea). For the first time 11 Cormorant pairs have nested in 1999. Their number rapidly increased. In 2008 already 625 occupied nests of the Cormorants were recorded. Number of herons has not decreased yet. The Cormorants build their nests in willows, as a rule, up to 5 nests in one tree. Maximum number of nests in the tree is 17, average number - 3.4±0.2 (for 193 trees). Brood consists of 1-6 fledglings, on average - 3.39±0.06 young per nest (n=320). The Cormorants arrive in spring to their breeding area very early and migrate to the wintering places in autumn very late. Average date of the spring arrival in 1999-2008 is 9.03, average date of the autumn departure - 11.11. Some cases of Cormorant's wintering in the Dnieper area were observed.

Changes in timing of bird migrations in the Kanev Nature Reserve.

Grishchenko V.N.

Keywords: phenology, arrival, departure, trend, climate

The Kaniv Nature Reserve is located in Central Ukraine at the DnieperRiver. The goal of our work was to analyze changes in timing of spring and autumn migrations for the last 41 years (1970-2010). The regressive analysis was done only for the species having datasets for at least 20 years: 39 species for spring and 11 species for autumn migrations. Significant trends for spring arrival were found in 12 species. The Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus), Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), Sky Lark (Alauda arvensis), Blackbird (Turdus merula), Song Thrush (T. philomelos), Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), Greenfinch (Chloris chloris) and Linnet (Acanthis cannabina) have tended to earlier dates of arrival. One species – the Turtle Dove (Streptopelia turtur) has showed delayed arrival. As for autumn migration, the Bee Eater (Merops apiaster) and White Wagtail (Motacilla alba) have shifted for earlier departure dates, while the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) and Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) delayed. There is also the tendency of earlier arrival in autumn and later departure in spring of wintering birds. These trends are significant for Waxwing (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) and Bullfinch (Bombycilla garrulus).

Zusammenfassung Der 6. Internationale Weißstorchzensus wurde 2004 und 2005 durchgeführt. Die Informationen wurden mit Hilfe von Fragebögen und Zählungen gesammelt. Insgesamt wurden 12.625 Brutpaare registriert. Aufgrund der unvollständigen Erfassung wurde der Brutbestand in der Ukraine 2004 auf ca. 30.000 Brutpaare (HPa) hochgerechnet. Seit dem 5. Internationalen Zensus hat der Weißstorchbestand um etwa 60% zugenommen. Die derzeitige Grenze des Brutareales in der Südostukraine verläuft entlang einer Linie der Städte Bilovodsk -Stanichno-Luganske -Artemivsk -Maryinka -Pologi -Tokmak -Ivanivka. Auf der Krim nistet der Weißstorch im Nordteil entlang der Sivash Lagune. Die Zahl der Nester auf Elektromasten hat stark zugenommen, auf Bäumen und Gebäuden dagegen abgenommen. Die beiden Zensus-Jahre unterschieden sich beim Reproduktionserfolg. Im 2004 lagen die Reproduktionsparameter (JZa: 2,56; JZm: 2,83) nah an den mehrjährigen Mittelwerten. Im 2005 ist der Bestand um 15,8% gesunken und der Bruterfolg war sehr niedrig. Es handelte sich in der gesamten Ukraine um ein ‚Störungsjahr'. Die Population hatte sich erst 2007 wieder völlig erholt.

Çàïîâ³äíà ñïðàâà â Óêðà¿í³. Òîì 16. Âèïóñê 2. 2010. 76 ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑ ÒÈÏΠÏÅÑÅÍ ÇßÁËÈÊÀ ÀÑÊÀÍÈÈ-ÍÎÂÀ È ÅÃÎ ÒÅÐÐÈÒÎÐÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÑÂßÇÈ Å.Ä. ßáëîíîâñêàÿ-Ãðèùåíêî, Â.Í. Ãðèùåíêî Êàíåâñêèé ïðèðîäíûé çàïîâåäíèê CHAFFINCH SONG TYPE COMPLEX IN ASKANIA-NOVA AND ITS TERRITORIAL CONNECTIONS. Yablonovska-Grishchenko E.D., Grishchenko V.N. -Nature Reserves in Ukraine. 16 (2): 76-83. -3 Chaffinch song dialects were described from Forest and Forest-Steppe zones of Ukraine and Ukrainian Carpathians at our previous studies. From 2008 we carried out researches in Steppe zone of Ukraine. 3 detached regional complexes (Danube, Lower Dnieper and South-East ) were discovered. These complexes divide by areas of Forest-Steppe dialects. Investigation of Chaffinch song in Askania-Nova is the unique opportunity for study of territiorial complex forming, because Chaffinch begins to nest in this place in 1997. 465 songs of 78 individuals were recorded. Songs registered in Askania-Nova belong to Lower Dnieper regional song complex. It suggested that Chaffinches settle Askania-Nova parks from forests of Lower Dnieper sandy arenas or territories near theirs. Song complex is fully-existing in spite of recent and quick forming. It is a result of resettlement of large group of birds. Lower Dnieper regional song complex and Carpathian dialect have some similar song elements. ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑ ÒÈϲ ϲÑÅÍÜ ÇßÁËÈÊÀ ÀÑÊÀͲ¯-ÍÎÂÀ ÒÀ ÉÎÃÎ ÒÅÐÈÒÎвÀËÜͲ ÇÂßÇÊÈ. ßáëîíîâñüêà-Ãðèùåíêî ª.Ä., Ãðèùåíêî Â.Ì. -Çàïîâ³äíà ñïðàâà â Óêðà¿í³. 16 (2): 76-83. -ϳä ÷àñ íàøèõ ïîïåðåäí³õ äîñë³äaeåíü áóëè âèä³ëåí³ 3 ï³ñåíí³ ä³àëåêòè çÿáëèêà ç òåðèòîð³é ë³ñîâî¿ òà ë³ñîñòåïîâî¿ çîí Óêðà¿íè òà Óêðà¿íñüêèõ Êàðïàò. Ç 2008 ð. íàìè ïðîâîäèëèñü äîñë³äaeåííÿ ó ñòåïîâ³é çîí³ Óêðà¿íè. Áóëî âèÿâëåíî 3 â³äîêðåìëåí³ ðåã³îíàëüí³ êîìïëåêñè ï³ñåíü çÿáëèêàäóíàéñüêèé, íèaeíüîäí³ïðîâñüêèé òà ï³âäåííî-ñõ³äíèé, â³äîêðåìëåí³ îäèí â³ä îäíîãî ä³ëÿíêàìè ë³ñîñòåïîâèõ ä³àëåêò³â. Âèâ÷åííÿ ï³ñåíü çÿáëèêà â Àñêàí³¿-Íîâà äຠóí³êàëüíó ìîaeëèâ³ñòü äîñë³äèòè ôîðìóâàííÿ òåðèòîð³àëüíèõ ï³ñåííèõ êîìïëåê-ñ³â, îñê³ëüêè çÿáëèê ïî÷àâ ãí³çäèòèñü òóò ëèøå ó 1997 ð. Âñüîãî áóëî çàïèñàíî 465 ï³ñåíü 78 îñîáèí. Çàðåºñòðîâàíèé â Àñêàí³¿-Íîâà ñïåêòð ï³ñåíü çÿáëèêà ïîâí³ñòþ âïèñóºòüñÿ ó íèaeíüîäí³ïðîâñüêèé ðåã³îíàëüíèé êîìïëåêñ. Öå ãîâîðèòü ïðî òå, ùî çàñåëåííÿ çÿáëèêàìè àñêàí³éñüêèõ ïàðê³â â³äáóëîñÿ ç ë³ñ³â íà íèaeíüîäí³ïðîâñüêèõ ï³ùàíèõ àðåíàõ àáî áëèçüêèõ äî íèõ òåðèòîð³é. Êîìïëåêñ ï³ñåíü º ïîâíîö³ííèì, íåçâàaeàþ÷è íà íåäàâíº ³ øâèäêå ôîðìóâàííÿ. Öå ïîâÿçàíî ç îñîáëèâîñòÿìè çàñåëåííÿ -ïåðåñåëåííÿì îäðàçó âåëèêî¿ ãðóïè ïòàõ³â. ³äì³÷åíî çâÿçîê ì³ae íèaeíüîäí³ïðîâñüêèì ðåã³îíàëüíèì êîìïëåêñîì òà êàðïàòñüêèì ä³àëåêòîì. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: á³îàêóñòèêà, òèï ï³ñí³, ä³àëåêò, çàñåëåííÿ.