Papers by Georgios Kardaras
Byzantina Symmeikta, Mar 15, 2010
This book was originally published in Greek, under the title: Το Βυζάντιο και οι Άβαροι (Στ'-Θ' α... more This book was originally published in Greek, under the title: Το Βυζάντιο και οι Άβαροι (Στ'-Θ' αι.). Πολιτικές, διπλωματικές και πολιτισμικές σχέσεις, by the National Hellenic Research Foundation-Institute for Byzantine Research (Athens, 2010). Cover illustration: The so-called "victorious prince". Detail from the vessel no. 2 of the Νagyszentmiklós hoard (Wien, Kunsthistorisches Museum). Photograph by Wolfgang Sauber, from Wikimedia Common-CC BY-SA 4.0.
The Eurasian Nomads' Bad Memories of Byzantium: The Negative Image of an Empire in the 6<sup>th</sup> Century A.D
Geschichte im mitteleuropäischen Kontext, Aug 14, 2023
BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA, 2013
Βιβλιοκρισία: Neglected Barbarians, επιμ. εκδ. F. Curta [Studies in the Early Middle Ages 32], Br... more Βιβλιοκρισία: Neglected Barbarians, επιμ. εκδ. F. Curta [Studies in the Early Middle Ages 32], Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout 2010. 629 σ., 24 έγχρωμες εικόνες, ISBN: 978-2-503-53125-0Negle
Byzantina Symmeikta, Jun 16, 2022
GeorGios Kardaras-Kamilla Yusupova patterns of BYzantine and Western HistorioGrapHY in tHe Rus' P... more GeorGios Kardaras-Kamilla Yusupova patterns of BYzantine and Western HistorioGrapHY in tHe Rus' PRimaRy ChRoniCle The Povest' vremennykh let (Russian/Rus' Primary Chronicle, Tale of Bygone Years or Chronicle of Nestor etc.), dated between 1113 and 1118, and covering the period from 852 to 1110, is the most valuable source both for the history of the early tribes of Eastern Europe as well as the circumstances of the first state formation (that of Kievan Rus') in the region. With regard to the numerous suggestions and debate over the identity of the author of the text (hereafter RPC), scholars initially attributed it to Nestor, a monk at the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev, although later theories focused on Sylvester, abbot at the Monastery of St. Michael in Vydubychi near Kiev. Taking into account the views of certain Eastern European scholars, A. A. Shakhmatov believes that monk Nestor compiled the first-and not preserved-redaction of the RPC in 1113, while the second redaction was completed by abbot Sylvester in 1116, a hypothesis based on Sylvester's postscript on the RPC. A. A. Gippius, along with P. P. Tolocko, O. V. Tvorogov and S. M. Mikheev, consider as terminus post quem for Sylvester's postscript the year 1110. According to S. M. Mikheev's investigation on the textual history of the RPC and the composition of its various parts, an initial Old Saga (Drevnee skazanie) was produced in Kiev c. 1016/17 and was extended into Nikon's Compilation (Svod Nikona), c. 1078/79. A new enriched version, the Initial or Beginning Compilation (Nachal'nyj svod), appeared between 1093 and 1115, while in 1116 abbot Sylvester revised the Initial Compilation and compiled the Tale of Bygone Years, a text copied and supplemented the following year (Redaction of 1117). On the other hand, excerpts from the manuscripts of the Initial Compilation and the Old Saga were used as the
ΝΙΓΔΕΛΗΣ * I would like to thank the Museum of Polish History (Muzeum Historii Polski) for the fe... more ΝΙΓΔΕΛΗΣ * I would like to thank the Museum of Polish History (Muzeum Historii Polski) for the fellowship granted me so I could conduct the relevant research in Poland, as well as my colleague Sylwia Cygan (Rzeszów) for her valuable comments on the paper. Part One was published in Bυζαντιακά 32 (2015) 51-77 (in Greek, with English summary). 1 W. Szymański, Szeligi pod Płockiem na początku wczesnego średniowiecza. Zespół osadniczy z VI-VII w.
The domination of the Avars in the Carpathian basin in 568 constituted a permanent threat for the... more The domination of the Avars in the Carpathian basin in 568 constituted a permanent threat for the Byzantine empire to its northern frontiers, which was terminated after the unsuccessful siege of Constantinople by the Avars and the Persians in 626. During this period of almost 60 years, Byzantium accepted disastrous raids, conducted many wars and incurred several treaties with the Avars, which anticipated the payment of a heavy yearly tribute to the avar khaganate. 2 Besides the avar attacks, the Slavic tribes of the lower Danube, independent or under avar rule, also conducted raids into the Byzantine empire since the reign of Justinian I (527-565). Even though they often devastated the Byzantine provinces, the Byzantine army managed to repel the raiders either through military operations against them, or through the construction of an extensive system of fortifications which was built in the Balkans by Justinian I. 3 The confrontation of Avars and Slavs in the Balkans became very difficult for the Byzantines after the beginning of the Persian war in 572 and the transfer of the greater part of the Byzantine army to the East. In 574 the Byzantines were defeated for first time by the Avars and procured a peace treaty with them, which anticipated the yearly payment of 80 000 gold coins (solidi) to the Avars. 4 on the other hand, the Slav raids were intense during the joint rule of Justin II with Tiberius (565-578) and the sole reign of Tiberius (578-582). According to Menander the Guardsman, in the forth year of the joint rule of Tiberius (578), 100 000 Slavs plundered Thrace and many other areas. 5 on the contrary, John of Biclarum reports in his Chronicle avar and slavic attacks in Thrace as far as the walls of Constantinople. 6 This information is interpreted as confusion of the Avars with the Slavs, either because Menander refers to good relations between Tiberius and the Avars 7 or because the Chronicle mentions naval attacks, which could be attibuted only to the Slavs. 8 The activity of the slav tribes of the lower Danube was backed neither by Tiberius nor Bajan, the khagan of the Avars. Since the Slavs had devastated Greece and Tiberius had almost no army in the Balkans, he sent an embassy to Bajan, who had a friendly attitude towards the empire after the accession of Tiberius to the throne. Tiberius succeeded in securing the support of the khagan for military cooperation against the Slav raiders. This military cooperation between the Byzantines and the Avars took place in 578 10 and is the only one which is attested during the history of the Byzantine-avar relations. The Avars attacked the Slavs not only because Tiberius asked for their help, but they considered the Slavs as their own enemies for another reason. Bajan had sent earlier envoys to the Slavs of the
Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, 2011
Evidence from the Byzantine and, secondly, the oriental and Latin sources on Byzantine-Avar relat... more Evidence from the Byzantine and, secondly, the oriental and Latin sources on Byzantine-Avar relations for the period between 558 and 626 is extensive. During this period, Byzantium and the Avars, involved in conflicts in the Balkans, concluded treaties and developed trade activity. 1 On the other hand, evidence on their relations becomes rare after the siege of Constantinople in 626, with only two known Byzantine delegations to the Avars in 634/35 and an Avar one to Constantinople in 678. After their defeat in 626, the Avars were pushed out to the area north of the Danube and their subsequent presence in Central Europe is known mainly from the archaeological remains and from the Carolingian sources. 2 The defeat at Constantinople caused also internal conflicts in the Avar Khaganate which weakened its political and military power. The first consequence of this inner crisis was the struggle between the Avars and the subjugated Slavs just after the catastrophe of the Slavic flotilla at the Bosporus. 3 A few years later, in 631/32, the separatist movements within the Avar Khaganate become more intensive, as the strong Bulgar element, under Alciochus, rose up and asserted the power supremacy within the Khaganate, taking advantage of the Avars' weakening. Defeated by the
Byzantina Symmeikta, Oct 16, 2017
CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by National Documentation ... more CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by National Documentation Centre-EKT journals Efi Ragia ThE gEogRaphy of ThE pRovincial adminisTRaTion of ThE ByzanTinE EmpiRE (ca 600-1200): i.1. ThE apoThEkai of asia minoR (7Th-8Th c.) ΑΘΗΝΑ • 2009 • ATHENS gEoRgios kaRdaRas a RE-appRoach of pRocopius' EThnogRaphic accounT on ThE EaRly slavs ΑΘΗΝΑ • 2017 • ATHENS INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH
zum Metropoliten der Rus' in den 40er-Jahren des 13. Jahrhunderts: ein Ereignis aus den kirchenpo... more zum Metropoliten der Rus' in den 40er-Jahren des 13. Jahrhunderts: ein Ereignis aus den kirchenpolitischen Beziehungen zwischen Halič-Volyn' und dem Byzantinischen Reich .
В предлагаемом вниманию читателя очередном томе старейшего академического ежегодника представлены... more В предлагаемом вниманию читателя очередном томе старейшего академического ежегодника представлены работы по различным проблемам истории и культуры Византии и сопредельных стран. Том открывается статьей Р.М. Шукурова, где предлагается попытка общей характеристики византийской культуры в ее отношении к многоязычию и готовности овладеть иностранными языками. Новая статья академика РАН С.П. Карпова, написанная на материале итальянских архивов, посвящена работорговле в венецианской Тане. Среди других сюжетов, привлекших внимание авторов тома-различные аспекты взаимодействия христианства и язычества в поздней Римской империи, пределы юрисдикции церковных кафедр Востока и Запада, роль византийского золота в системе ценностей жадных до него кочевников-«варваров». Искусствоведческие статьи, традиционно занимающие в издании видное место, на сей раз посвящены в основном истории рукописной книги и эволюции убранства византийских храмов и соседствуют с близкими по тематике исследованиями историков и археологов. При этом работы С.В. и А.А. Близнюк, Д.А. Черноглазова и А.В. Захаровой демонстрируют плодотворное сотрудничество специалистов разных квалификаций. Для специалистов и широкого круга читателей, интересующихся историей Византии и ее многовековых связей с окружающим миром.
A funerary inscription of Chilbudius, magister militum per Thraciam?
Resumen: En el presente estudio se analiza la aparición del título Anticus de los sucesores de Ju... more Resumen: En el presente estudio se analiza la aparición del título Anticus de los sucesores de Justiniano I, desde Justino II a heraclio (565-612). Este título aparece por primera vez en el año 533 gracias a los éxitos militares de los Antes. En referencia a su mantenimiento hasta comienzos del siglo VII, se rechaza la hipótesis de que se debe a una simple imitación de los títulos de Justiniano. Por el contrario, se defiende que la principal razón de que siguiera apareciendo fue el mantenimiento de la alianza de Bizancio con los Antes, que se estableció en 545/46. Además, la desaparición de este título se relaciona con la destrucción del limes de Escitia Menor en torno al 614/15. Summary: The study deals with the appearance of the title of Anticus to the successors of Justinian I, namely from Justin II to heraclius (565-612). The title appears for the first time in year 533 thanks to the military successes against the Antes, and with regard to its maintenance until the beginning of the 7th century, the assumption that it was due to a mere imitation of the titles of Justinian is rejected. On the contrary, it is argued that the main reason for the continuation of its appearance was the maintenance of the alliance of Byzantium with the Antes that was concluded in 545/46. furthermore, the end of the title's appearance is associated with the collapse of the limes of Scythia Minor in c. 614/15.
Склавины и анты: некоторые замечания об их особенностях ABSTRACT: The paper attempts to approach ... more Склавины и анты: некоторые замечания об их особенностях ABSTRACT: The paper attempts to approach some peculiarities of the two branches of the early Slavs (Sclaveni and Antes), as the Byzantine sources of the sixth and early seventh centuries present them as being similar. Within this context the following are examined: a) the origin and ethnic identity of the Sclaveni and the Antes, taking into account certain historiographical models on the early Slavs, as well as the controversial issue of the ethnic identity of the Antes (Slavic or Iranian) and the etymology of their name; b) the material culture: under consideration are the Prague and Penkovka cultures, identifi ed with the Sclaveni and the Antes respectively, their common elements and peculiarities, their mutual infl uences as well as infl uences from other cultures; c) the political and social organization: the internal structures of the Sclaveni and the Antes, taking into account the testimony of Jordanes, Procopius and Maurice, the references in other sources to the titles of chieftains, or a kind of genealogy into the early Slavic society, as well as the treaty of Byzantium with the tribal union of the Antes are under scrutiny. The paper draws the conclusion that the Sclaveni and the Antes shared similarities, but actually were not one and the same at all, as it appears in the Byzantine sources. Furthermore, the peculiarities that appear the political-social organization and the material culture of the Antes, due to their historical and cultural evolution, are not of a degree that could dispute their Slavic ethnic and cultural identity.
Ve d e c k ý r e d a k t o r PhDr. Juraj Bartík, PhD. Z o s t a v o v a t e ¾ PhDr. Vladimír Turè... more Ve d e c k ý r e d a k t o r PhDr. Juraj Bartík, PhD. Z o s t a v o v a t e ¾ PhDr. Vladimír Turèan Jazyková korektúra: PhDr. Jana Orulová Preklady: Mgr. Zuzana Hergovitsová 4. strana obálky: Rekontrukcia interiérovej steny baziliky na Bratislavskom hrade (autor Andrej Fiala, k èlánku A. Fialu na str. 103) grafický návrh obálky a zalomenie: Miroslav Slámka tlaè: Komprint s.r.o. Vydalo Slovenské národné múzeum-Archeologické múzeum v spolupráci s Nadáciou pre záchranu kultúrneho dedièstva, Bratislava 2007 © Slovenské národné múzeum-Archeologické múzeum, Bratislava 2007
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Papers by Georgios Kardaras