The impact of electric car charging stations on power grid harmonics is growing as their existenc... more The impact of electric car charging stations on power grid harmonics is growing as their existence continues to expand and creates harmonic distortion in the power system. At the same time, the quality of charging current and voltage through the process of charge becomes inferior. Therefore, reduction of output ripple factor (RF) and mitigation of input current harmonics is vital in this situation. This paper presents the design of the output filter and three kinds of shunt passive input filters to decrease the present harmonics generated in the industrial power scheme by the charging stations. The simulation software MATLAB/Simulink was used. Results were acquired before and after installation of filters and after installation of filters, it was found that the percentage RF of output current, voltage, and the percentage THD of the input current is reduced to match the set standards.
Electric vehicles (EVs) become a solution for the rapid increase of the environment pollutions. E... more Electric vehicles (EVs) become a solution for the rapid increase of the environment pollutions. EVs are energized by battery storage systems which are environment friendly and with more technological advancements; their price will be affordable by the consumers. However, as EVs become significant loads on the utility distribution system, maintaining the power quality becomes a challenge. This is due to the harmonics distortions that are produced when many loads connected to the grid. Moreover, for numerous reasons – such as energy costs and environmental matters – it is preferable to use Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to charge EVs. Therefore, in order to mitigate these issues, the battery charger of the EV needs to have a sufficient performance with minimized total harmonic distortion (THD). Thus, the electrical power of the proposed EV charger is provided by a photovoltaic (PV) system which converts solar irradiance into DC current. The proposed charger consists of two converters:...
Back pain is commonly associated with a heavy driving or a person driving for a very long period.... more Back pain is commonly associated with a heavy driving or a person driving for a very long period. Inexpensive vehicles have a low system of absorbers such that the person behind the wheel and the passenger will experience pain in their back. This is mainly caused by several factors, such as the condition of the road, the performance of the absorber system of the vehicle and also the condition of the person inside the vehicle itself. This paper will discuss the factor that can be prevented and optimized to reduce whole-body vibration that might lead to fatigue.
Thermal imaging is widely utilized in agricultural applications such as examining plant physiolog... more Thermal imaging is widely utilized in agricultural applications such as examining plant physiology, yield prediction, irrigation scheduling, bruises and pathogen determination in fruits and vegetables. There is a need for a cost effective thermal device for this wide range of applications. In this study, a low-cost prototype thermal device was used to measure the temperature of FFBs at three maturity levels, that are under-ripe, ripe and over-ripe. The experiment was repeated using a commercial thermal camera. Then, the mean temperature obtained from both the prototype and commercial thermal sensors was compared. Our results showed the prototype thermal device is capable of estimating the mean temperature of oil palm FFBs with the values analogous to the mean temperature from commercial thermal camera with R2 = 0.71.
The cylindrical linear electromagnetic pulsing motor (EMPM) is an alternative electric vehicle (E... more The cylindrical linear electromagnetic pulsing motor (EMPM) is an alternative electric vehicle (EV) to be simulated in this study. The proposed design on the cylindrical linear EMPM will replace the piston engine in an internal combustion engine (ICE) which produces linear motion. It can eliminate problems related to internal combustion engines (ICE) such as engine weight and friction where fewer components have been used. In this paper, an analytical model was constructed and predicted the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) that can solve with the same technique as the electrical circuit. The initial magneto-statics analysis was conducted through the finite element magnetic software (FEMs) for magnetic filed problem so that the magnetic flux relationship could be predicted. Furthermore, the FE modelling and analysis is followed by a MATLAB/Simulink software calculation to predict the cylinder linear EMPM. Finally, the simulation results of the FE models regarding plunger force, thru...
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of three different knife angles (30, 40 and 50°)... more A study was conducted to investigate the effects of three different knife angles (30, 40 and 50°) and three different speeds (1830, 2066 and 2440 rpm) of a Mower on sweet potato vine slashing (pulverizing) The results showed that all the treatments were significant at 99% significance level on the percentage of pulverized vines. The best results were for the first knife angle (30°) with the lowest vine pulverized of 57.59%. The third speed (2440 rpm) had the best vine pulverized percentage of 54.00%. The best performance for overlapping effect between knife angle and speed of mower was achieved by the 30° knife angle at 2440 rpm with average vine pulverized percentage of 38.73%.
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2020
This paper is present a novel approach for solving the pending under-reach problem encountered by... more This paper is present a novel approach for solving the pending under-reach problem encountered by distance relay protection scheme in the 3rd zones protection coverage for a midpoint STATCOM compensated transmission lines. The propose transmission line model is develop in Matlab for analyzed feature extraction using Discrete Wavelet multiresolution analysis approach. Extracted feature from standard deviation and entropy energy contents of SLG transient faults current at location beyond the integrated STATCOM used for machine learning algorithm model building using WEKA software. The Naïve Bayes classifier model perform best with robustness prediction and detection of faults with quick convergence even with less training data. The outperformance of the proposed classifier has been 100 % for the relay algorithm modification for under-reach problem elimination in 3rd zones protection coverage.
Electric vehicles usage and adoption have expanded rapidly over the last decade, as the global en... more Electric vehicles usage and adoption have expanded rapidly over the last decade, as the global energy demand is shifting away from fossil fuels. The recent development of electric vehicle charging technology, which is a fast charging mode, enables an electric vehicle to be fully charged within 10 minutes. However, the generated harmonics, control complexity, and cost of fast charging are the main challenges that need to be addressed to further expand the electric vehicle fast charging technologies. In this manuscript, a new electric vehicle fast charger was designed by introducing the three-stage converters based on the integration between internal model controller with synchronized decoupled controller algorithms. The proposed charger can provide two types of charging approaches, namely alternating current (AC) fast charging and direct current (DC) fast charging. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed charger, the model is developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink 2018a platf...
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 2018
Owing to the growing concerns over energy depletion and environmental issues around the world, mo... more Owing to the growing concerns over energy depletion and environmental issues around the world, more and more attention is given on replacing the fuel-b ased automob iles with electric vehicles (EVs) which have the characteristics of zero-emission and low noise. As a result, various countries have taken specific initiatives to de-carb onize their transport sectors b y developing their own EV industry. Regardless of the environmental and economic b enefits, sub stantial scales of grid-connected EVs impose incredib le difficulties to the power grid. The main issues caused b y EV charging to the power grid include harmonics, voltage drop, system instab ility, system losses and grid overloading. Therefore, this paper presents design and development of a novel method, which is b y applying voltage-oriented control (VOC) algorithm in b attery charging of electric b us.The power system of this work consists of three-phase PWM rectifier. The proposed method is b ased on mathematical analysis. Simulation and experimental works are performed to investigate b ehavior and performance of the proposed algorithm. This paperclearly described implementation of low and medium power lab oratory prototype and operation of digital signal processor (DSP) via MATLAB / Simulink for the proposed method.
This paper presents the development of the IGBT model using the HSPICE package running on a Sun W... more This paper presents the development of the IGBT model using the HSPICE package running on a Sun Workstation. The two important characteristics of an IGBT, which were considered in modelling the device, are the conduction (static) and the switching (dynamic) characterislics. The /GBT model proposed is discussed briefly to give background before a detailed development of the model is presented. The steps in modelling the /GBT using the curve-fitting optimisation method available within HSPlCE are explained. The simulation results of varying Ihe model parameters are discussed. On the basis of Ihese results appropriate parameters for the IGBT model are determined for use in Ihe curve-fitting optimisation method. Further. the tesl circuit simulation is presented to validate the static and dynamic parameters of the model chosen. The results are compared with manufacturer's data sheet for the static parameter and laboratory test results for the dynamic parameters. The results are found to be in good agreement. ABSTRAK Kertas kerja ini membenrangkan pembangunan model IGBT menggunakan perisian HSPICE pada Sun Workstation. Dua ciri /GBT yang penting yang perlu diperrimbangkan dalam permodelan peranli ini adalah ciri pengaliran (statik) dan pensuisan (dinamik). Model IGBT yang dicadangkan dibincang secara ringkas untuk memberi latar belakang sebelum perincian pembangunan dibemangkan. Langkah-Iangkah permedelan IGHT menggunakan kaedah pengoptimuman pemadanan lengkung terdapat dalam pekej HSPICE diterangkan. Keputus"'l penyelakuan dengan mengubah parameter model dibincangkan. Berlandaskan kepulusan ini parameler yang bersesuaian bagi modellGHT ditentukan dalam penggunaan kaedah pengoptimuman pemadanan lengkung. Seterusnya, penyelakuan litar ujian dibentangkan untuk mengesahkan parameter slatik dan dinamik yang dipilih untuk model. Keputusan dibandingkan dengan data dari pembual bagi parameter statik dan dengan kepulusan makmal bagi parameter dinamik. Kepulusan didapali mencapai kesamaan.
Ability to evaluate the accurate available transfer capability (ATC) has important impact on the ... more Ability to evaluate the accurate available transfer capability (ATC) has important impact on the trade of energy in power marketing. The impact of the transmission element status of transmission path has a possibility to severely change the statistics of the ATC. The impact of the line outage is more significant among the other component outages. The ATC assessment requires N-1 security assessment under line outages scenarios. Moreover, an efficient contingency ranking method to determine critical lines has significant impact on the ATC computational time. In this paper, MW loss, MVAR loss and Load Margin Index are described to find the critical lines for computing the ATC under contingencies. These methods are tested on IEEE 118 bus system and the ATC based on Krylov algebraic method are calculated for each critical line. Based on ATC results calculated from these contingency ranking methods, the efficiency of these methods compare together.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2013
A wind farm is a collection of wind turbines built in an area to provide electricity. Wind power ... more A wind farm is a collection of wind turbines built in an area to provide electricity. Wind power is a renewable energy resource and an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. In this paper impact of wind farms in power system reliability is investigate and a new procedure for reliability assessment of wind farms in HL1 level is proposed. In proposed procedure, application of Fuzzy-Markov for wind speed modelling and calculating reliability indices by probabilities of generation units by calculating state transition matrix is proposed. Fuzzy logic for this method will be possible to calculate the reliability in accordance with the existing uncertainties. Fuzzy-Markov approach is appropriate for wind farms that have insufficient data of wind speed. In this theory, by state transition probability matrix solution can be obtained probabilities of states of fuzzy-Markov model, by solving state-space differential equation. Finally, the authenticity of approach is shown with some simulation.
Oil palm is one of the key industries highly observed in Malaysia, due to its high demand both wh... more Oil palm is one of the key industries highly observed in Malaysia, due to its high demand both whether locally or internationally. The oil extraction rate (OER) in palm oil production is used as an element to identify the performance of the mills, estates and producers. In view of this, there are specific instrument or sensor needs to be implemented at the mills especially during the reception of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) transported from the field for oil content processing. This paper aims to study and propose the use of a fruit battery-based oil palm maturity sensor to analyse the effect of the sensor to various parameters. The study utilizes a charging method with different parameters, including a moisture content test on the palm oil samples. Three types of parameters are tested along with the different grades of oil palm fruit from different bunches, such as the load resistance, charging voltage and charging time. The repeatability data of the samples are obtained with the use...
The impact of electric car charging stations on power grid harmonics is growing as their existenc... more The impact of electric car charging stations on power grid harmonics is growing as their existence continues to expand and creates harmonic distortion in the power system. At the same time, the quality of charging current and voltage through the process of charge becomes inferior. Therefore, reduction of output ripple factor (RF) and mitigation of input current harmonics is vital in this situation. This paper presents the design of the output filter and three kinds of shunt passive input filters to decrease the present harmonics generated in the industrial power scheme by the charging stations. The simulation software MATLAB/Simulink was used. Results were acquired before and after installation of filters and after installation of filters, it was found that the percentage RF of output current, voltage, and the percentage THD of the input current is reduced to match the set standards.
Electric vehicles (EVs) become a solution for the rapid increase of the environment pollutions. E... more Electric vehicles (EVs) become a solution for the rapid increase of the environment pollutions. EVs are energized by battery storage systems which are environment friendly and with more technological advancements; their price will be affordable by the consumers. However, as EVs become significant loads on the utility distribution system, maintaining the power quality becomes a challenge. This is due to the harmonics distortions that are produced when many loads connected to the grid. Moreover, for numerous reasons – such as energy costs and environmental matters – it is preferable to use Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to charge EVs. Therefore, in order to mitigate these issues, the battery charger of the EV needs to have a sufficient performance with minimized total harmonic distortion (THD). Thus, the electrical power of the proposed EV charger is provided by a photovoltaic (PV) system which converts solar irradiance into DC current. The proposed charger consists of two converters:...
Back pain is commonly associated with a heavy driving or a person driving for a very long period.... more Back pain is commonly associated with a heavy driving or a person driving for a very long period. Inexpensive vehicles have a low system of absorbers such that the person behind the wheel and the passenger will experience pain in their back. This is mainly caused by several factors, such as the condition of the road, the performance of the absorber system of the vehicle and also the condition of the person inside the vehicle itself. This paper will discuss the factor that can be prevented and optimized to reduce whole-body vibration that might lead to fatigue.
Thermal imaging is widely utilized in agricultural applications such as examining plant physiolog... more Thermal imaging is widely utilized in agricultural applications such as examining plant physiology, yield prediction, irrigation scheduling, bruises and pathogen determination in fruits and vegetables. There is a need for a cost effective thermal device for this wide range of applications. In this study, a low-cost prototype thermal device was used to measure the temperature of FFBs at three maturity levels, that are under-ripe, ripe and over-ripe. The experiment was repeated using a commercial thermal camera. Then, the mean temperature obtained from both the prototype and commercial thermal sensors was compared. Our results showed the prototype thermal device is capable of estimating the mean temperature of oil palm FFBs with the values analogous to the mean temperature from commercial thermal camera with R2 = 0.71.
The cylindrical linear electromagnetic pulsing motor (EMPM) is an alternative electric vehicle (E... more The cylindrical linear electromagnetic pulsing motor (EMPM) is an alternative electric vehicle (EV) to be simulated in this study. The proposed design on the cylindrical linear EMPM will replace the piston engine in an internal combustion engine (ICE) which produces linear motion. It can eliminate problems related to internal combustion engines (ICE) such as engine weight and friction where fewer components have been used. In this paper, an analytical model was constructed and predicted the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) that can solve with the same technique as the electrical circuit. The initial magneto-statics analysis was conducted through the finite element magnetic software (FEMs) for magnetic filed problem so that the magnetic flux relationship could be predicted. Furthermore, the FE modelling and analysis is followed by a MATLAB/Simulink software calculation to predict the cylinder linear EMPM. Finally, the simulation results of the FE models regarding plunger force, thru...
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of three different knife angles (30, 40 and 50°)... more A study was conducted to investigate the effects of three different knife angles (30, 40 and 50°) and three different speeds (1830, 2066 and 2440 rpm) of a Mower on sweet potato vine slashing (pulverizing) The results showed that all the treatments were significant at 99% significance level on the percentage of pulverized vines. The best results were for the first knife angle (30°) with the lowest vine pulverized of 57.59%. The third speed (2440 rpm) had the best vine pulverized percentage of 54.00%. The best performance for overlapping effect between knife angle and speed of mower was achieved by the 30° knife angle at 2440 rpm with average vine pulverized percentage of 38.73%.
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2020
This paper is present a novel approach for solving the pending under-reach problem encountered by... more This paper is present a novel approach for solving the pending under-reach problem encountered by distance relay protection scheme in the 3rd zones protection coverage for a midpoint STATCOM compensated transmission lines. The propose transmission line model is develop in Matlab for analyzed feature extraction using Discrete Wavelet multiresolution analysis approach. Extracted feature from standard deviation and entropy energy contents of SLG transient faults current at location beyond the integrated STATCOM used for machine learning algorithm model building using WEKA software. The Naïve Bayes classifier model perform best with robustness prediction and detection of faults with quick convergence even with less training data. The outperformance of the proposed classifier has been 100 % for the relay algorithm modification for under-reach problem elimination in 3rd zones protection coverage.
Electric vehicles usage and adoption have expanded rapidly over the last decade, as the global en... more Electric vehicles usage and adoption have expanded rapidly over the last decade, as the global energy demand is shifting away from fossil fuels. The recent development of electric vehicle charging technology, which is a fast charging mode, enables an electric vehicle to be fully charged within 10 minutes. However, the generated harmonics, control complexity, and cost of fast charging are the main challenges that need to be addressed to further expand the electric vehicle fast charging technologies. In this manuscript, a new electric vehicle fast charger was designed by introducing the three-stage converters based on the integration between internal model controller with synchronized decoupled controller algorithms. The proposed charger can provide two types of charging approaches, namely alternating current (AC) fast charging and direct current (DC) fast charging. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed charger, the model is developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink 2018a platf...
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 2018
Owing to the growing concerns over energy depletion and environmental issues around the world, mo... more Owing to the growing concerns over energy depletion and environmental issues around the world, more and more attention is given on replacing the fuel-b ased automob iles with electric vehicles (EVs) which have the characteristics of zero-emission and low noise. As a result, various countries have taken specific initiatives to de-carb onize their transport sectors b y developing their own EV industry. Regardless of the environmental and economic b enefits, sub stantial scales of grid-connected EVs impose incredib le difficulties to the power grid. The main issues caused b y EV charging to the power grid include harmonics, voltage drop, system instab ility, system losses and grid overloading. Therefore, this paper presents design and development of a novel method, which is b y applying voltage-oriented control (VOC) algorithm in b attery charging of electric b us.The power system of this work consists of three-phase PWM rectifier. The proposed method is b ased on mathematical analysis. Simulation and experimental works are performed to investigate b ehavior and performance of the proposed algorithm. This paperclearly described implementation of low and medium power lab oratory prototype and operation of digital signal processor (DSP) via MATLAB / Simulink for the proposed method.
This paper presents the development of the IGBT model using the HSPICE package running on a Sun W... more This paper presents the development of the IGBT model using the HSPICE package running on a Sun Workstation. The two important characteristics of an IGBT, which were considered in modelling the device, are the conduction (static) and the switching (dynamic) characterislics. The /GBT model proposed is discussed briefly to give background before a detailed development of the model is presented. The steps in modelling the /GBT using the curve-fitting optimisation method available within HSPlCE are explained. The simulation results of varying Ihe model parameters are discussed. On the basis of Ihese results appropriate parameters for the IGBT model are determined for use in Ihe curve-fitting optimisation method. Further. the tesl circuit simulation is presented to validate the static and dynamic parameters of the model chosen. The results are compared with manufacturer's data sheet for the static parameter and laboratory test results for the dynamic parameters. The results are found to be in good agreement. ABSTRAK Kertas kerja ini membenrangkan pembangunan model IGBT menggunakan perisian HSPICE pada Sun Workstation. Dua ciri /GBT yang penting yang perlu diperrimbangkan dalam permodelan peranli ini adalah ciri pengaliran (statik) dan pensuisan (dinamik). Model IGBT yang dicadangkan dibincang secara ringkas untuk memberi latar belakang sebelum perincian pembangunan dibemangkan. Langkah-Iangkah permedelan IGHT menggunakan kaedah pengoptimuman pemadanan lengkung terdapat dalam pekej HSPICE diterangkan. Keputus"'l penyelakuan dengan mengubah parameter model dibincangkan. Berlandaskan kepulusan ini parameler yang bersesuaian bagi modellGHT ditentukan dalam penggunaan kaedah pengoptimuman pemadanan lengkung. Seterusnya, penyelakuan litar ujian dibentangkan untuk mengesahkan parameter slatik dan dinamik yang dipilih untuk model. Keputusan dibandingkan dengan data dari pembual bagi parameter statik dan dengan kepulusan makmal bagi parameter dinamik. Kepulusan didapali mencapai kesamaan.
Ability to evaluate the accurate available transfer capability (ATC) has important impact on the ... more Ability to evaluate the accurate available transfer capability (ATC) has important impact on the trade of energy in power marketing. The impact of the transmission element status of transmission path has a possibility to severely change the statistics of the ATC. The impact of the line outage is more significant among the other component outages. The ATC assessment requires N-1 security assessment under line outages scenarios. Moreover, an efficient contingency ranking method to determine critical lines has significant impact on the ATC computational time. In this paper, MW loss, MVAR loss and Load Margin Index are described to find the critical lines for computing the ATC under contingencies. These methods are tested on IEEE 118 bus system and the ATC based on Krylov algebraic method are calculated for each critical line. Based on ATC results calculated from these contingency ranking methods, the efficiency of these methods compare together.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2013
A wind farm is a collection of wind turbines built in an area to provide electricity. Wind power ... more A wind farm is a collection of wind turbines built in an area to provide electricity. Wind power is a renewable energy resource and an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. In this paper impact of wind farms in power system reliability is investigate and a new procedure for reliability assessment of wind farms in HL1 level is proposed. In proposed procedure, application of Fuzzy-Markov for wind speed modelling and calculating reliability indices by probabilities of generation units by calculating state transition matrix is proposed. Fuzzy logic for this method will be possible to calculate the reliability in accordance with the existing uncertainties. Fuzzy-Markov approach is appropriate for wind farms that have insufficient data of wind speed. In this theory, by state transition probability matrix solution can be obtained probabilities of states of fuzzy-Markov model, by solving state-space differential equation. Finally, the authenticity of approach is shown with some simulation.
Oil palm is one of the key industries highly observed in Malaysia, due to its high demand both wh... more Oil palm is one of the key industries highly observed in Malaysia, due to its high demand both whether locally or internationally. The oil extraction rate (OER) in palm oil production is used as an element to identify the performance of the mills, estates and producers. In view of this, there are specific instrument or sensor needs to be implemented at the mills especially during the reception of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) transported from the field for oil content processing. This paper aims to study and propose the use of a fruit battery-based oil palm maturity sensor to analyse the effect of the sensor to various parameters. The study utilizes a charging method with different parameters, including a moisture content test on the palm oil samples. Three types of parameters are tested along with the different grades of oil palm fruit from different bunches, such as the load resistance, charging voltage and charging time. The repeatability data of the samples are obtained with the use...
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