This study aims to explain the relationship between determining mudraj (interpolated), which is o... more This study aims to explain the relationship between determining mudraj (interpolated), which is one of the types of weak hadith, and the art of critiquing hadith texts, which is included in one of the processes of assessing the status of hadith or also referred to as hadith criticism. Based on the authors' observations, there has never been a connection between determining the mudraj of the text and text criticism in specific studies. The authors employ library research methods and text analysis to identify the approach used by hadith scholars in determining idrāj and mudraj expressions, evaluating the discussed examples, and their relationship with the art of text or matan (text/content) criticism. The study results indicate that the art of critiquing hadith texts has long been rooted in the discussions of hadith science and is highly objective without being influenced by any ideology or thought. At the same time, it can refute baseless accusations that hadith scholars have neglected textual aspects and only focused on the isnad aspect alone.
Prophetic medicine describes various methods of treatment and prevention of diseases recommended ... more Prophetic medicine describes various methods of treatment and prevention of diseases recommended by the Prophet SAW. The Prophet was seen suggesting the use of certain natural ingredients such as honey, tamar and al-habbah al-sauda' to the his companions as a solution to their health problems. Recently, this aspect of holiness that accompanies the Prophet's words has been exploited by some parties with the aim of promoting their products that contain the ingredients mentioned in the hadith. Some traders who sell these ingredients directly are also seen not to be left behind in publicizing the business with the same modus operandi. Not only that, some of the generality of the hadith phrases of the Prophet (SAW) are also used arbitrarily to gain the interest of the buyers without taking the understanding of Islamic scholars and modern medical experts as a backup in interacting with the relevant hadiths. The objective of this article is to highlight the principles of prophetic medicine as espoused by Mahmud Nazhim al-Nasimi in his work "Al-Tibb al-Nabawi wa al-'Ilm al-Hadith". The analysis is done based on deductive approach and comparison of the principles he has proposed with the comments of Islamic scholars in the works of hadith compilations. The results of the study found that the principles of prophetic medicine stated by al-Nasimi such as the incorporation of elements of revelation and ijtihad in prophetic medicine were found to be in line with the ideas that had been stated by some early Islamic scholars.
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nov 19, 2023
Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed our interactions with the world, spawning complex ap... more Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed our interactions with the world, spawning complex apps and gadgets known as intelligent agents. ChatGPT, a chatbot hybrid of AI and human-computer interaction, converse with humans and have a wide range of possible uses. Chatbots have showed potential in the field of medical education and health sciences by aiding learning, offering feedback, and increasing metacognitive thinking among undergraduate and postgraduate students. OpenAI's ChatGPT, an advanced language model, has substantially enhanced chatbot capabilities. Chatbots are being used in the medical related field for teaching & learning, mental state categorisation, medication recommendation, health education and awareness. While chatbots have been well accepted by users, further study is needed to fully grasp their use in medical and healthcare settings. This study looked at 32 research on ChatGPT and chatbots in medical-related fields and medical education. Medical education, anatomy, vaccines, internal medicine, psychiatry, dentistry, nursing, and psychology were among the topics discussed in the articles. The study designs ranged from pilot studies to controlled experimental trials. The findings show the exponential growth and potential of ChatGPT and chatbots in healthcare and medical education, as well as the necessity for more research and development in this sector.
Cancer is a type of disease that exists as a result of a cell imbalance or caused by a negative c... more Cancer is a type of disease that exists as a result of a cell imbalance or caused by a negative cell reaction in the body. Normally, body cells will go through the cell replacement process according to its rules to improve, restore and replace new cells if there is an injury or wound. This cancer disease has rarely occurred in the community since 4500 BC, therefore this study will increase knowledge and input about the signs of cancer and general ideas related to treatment methods and prevention of cancer infection. There are 100 types of cancer that have been stated by earlier Islamic scientists in the books of Tibb and also in the hadith by using various words that indicate 'cancer' such as tumor, boil and so on. Although there are many past studies that debate about cancer in various aspects, this study analyzes cancer from the point of view of the hadith recommended by the Prophet SAW. By applying the method of content analysis contained inductively and deductively that ...
The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natu... more The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natural philosophy and religious thought in the medieval Islamic world. Just as one might split philosophy in the Islamic world into eras before and after Avicenna, so one could periodise medical history into the time before and after Ibn Sīnā’s glorious al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb (Canon of Medicine). This article compares the medical theory in al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb and al-Dhahabī’s (d. 748/1348) al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī to determine if the medieval al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre was influenced by the post-Avicennian tradition. To assess this theoretical impact on the writing in the prophetic medicine genre, the article first analyses the introductory part of both writings, as well as the subsequent developments in al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī writings. This will form a comparative view of the medieval anatomical and philosophical positions. Given that traditional prophetic medicine is the focus of the al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre, the article turns to the question of medical theory, did al-Dhahabī really observe this topic? What role does medical ḥadīth play in determining how Muslims should approach classical theories of medicine? By comparing these two works, one can see that al-Dhahabī’s al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī developed in interaction with and extension of the al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb, as well as an attempt to bring forth a new form of medicine, that would integrate Ibn Sīnā’s medical theory with Prophetic ḥadīth.
Many contemporary studies approach Mahdism from a political-science orientation or historical per... more Many contemporary studies approach Mahdism from a political-science orientation or historical perspective, as the evidence is marshalled from the influential Mahdist movement in Islamic history—Abbasids, Fatimids, Muwahhids, Sudanese Mahdists, and so on. As such, it can be seen that there has been a lack of discourse as regards abstraction, particularly concerning the literary structure of Mahdī ḥadīth. This paper explores a panoramic view of ḥadīth commentaries in order to understand their commentarial production on apocalyptic questions, specifically focusing on the subject of Mahdī within this trend of Sunni ḥadīth scholarship. Ḥadīth commentaries are meant to bridge the gap in space and time between Prophetic words or teachings and the actual world of the reader. Hence, this study provides a brief survey of the documentation of Mahdī ḥadīth, starting with the classical Sunnite ḥadīth compendia of the second century of Hijrah. The material has been drawn from ḥadīth compendia, to...
COVID-19 has struck since 2020. The Strategic Preparation and Response Plan (SPRP) by the World H... more COVID-19 has struck since 2020. The Strategic Preparation and Response Plan (SPRP) by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 outlines 11 indicators to battle the pandemic. In comparison to the Islamic tradition, the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in kitāb al-mardhā and kitāb al-ṭibb of Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī showcase the approaches and principles of modern epidemiology-based solutions. Hence, this paper attempts to analyse the disease control plan of WHO based on leading-edge epidemiology and prophetic traditions. Furthermore, it also intends to correlate pragmatic principles from the hadith and their commentaries with contemporary epidemiology. While dissecting the kitāb almardhā and kitāb al-ṭibb from al-Bukhārī's (d. 870CE/256AH) magnum opus to establish the core principle, the researcher likewise interprets the pillars of the Strategic Preparation and Response Plan (SPRP) attempting to synchronise with the prophetic tradition. Long before the present solution, border control and preventive social measures were implemented; it stands to reason that modern epidemiology is in accord with the prophetic tradition. In short, five of the eleven pillars are directly in line with the ḥadīth.
Metodologi krtikan ḥadīth berkembang dalam dunia Islam sejak abad pertama hijrah dan masih menjad... more Metodologi krtikan ḥadīth berkembang dalam dunia Islam sejak abad pertama hijrah dan masih menjadi ciri khas kesarjanaan Islam sehingga hari ini. Salah seorang ilmuwan ḥadīth prolifik, Ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī telah menghasilkan kamus biografi Kitāb al-Thiqāt yang merupakan karya berharga buat pengkajian tiga abad pertama hijrah samada daripada sudut metodologi kritikan ḥadīth mahupun rakaman sejarah awal Islam yang tidak berhubungan dengan ilmu ḥadīth. Artikel ini menyusur galur penggunan metodologi kritikan ḥadīth dan kerangka kronologi bagi penilaian tekstual warisan nabawi serta pengelompokan generasi manusia dari masa atau zaman yang sama (ṭabaqāt). Dengan menggunakan dua kajian kes berserta analisis kandungan, percubaan makalah ini adalah untuk membentangkan pendekatan Ibn Ḥibbān terhadap sīra Nabi Muhammad lantas menuju kepada beberapa pertimbangan umum mengenai hubungan ilmu ḥadīth dan pensejarahan (historiografi). Hasil kajian memperlihatkan pendekatan pensejarahan melalui metod...
This research is based upon a collection of generally unutilized ḥadīth literature, and is not on... more This research is based upon a collection of generally unutilized ḥadīth literature, and is not only concerned with a study of “authenticity” of the ḥadīth, but is also concerned with the science of ḥadīth transmission as advanced by the master critic, Ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī (d. 354/965). Although the focus of modern ḥadīth scholarship has placed greater emphasis on transmitter evaluation of the second/eight and the third/ninth centuries, it still the case that a great part of the reliability of ḥadīth transmitter was not simply adopted by ḥadīth critics of the fourth/tenth century, as Ibn Ḥibbān has distinctly demonstrated. By scrutinizing Ibn Ḥibbān’s introduction to his al-Taqāsim wa al-Anwāʿ (“The Divisions and the Categories”) famously known as Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān, we are afforded a unique insight into the application of his transmitter evaluation, authentic ḥadīth criterion and the concept of khabar and sunna. As the title suggests, this was a very clear conception of the degree to w...
Al-Bayan: Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies, 2020
Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Rāzī was a leading figure in the science of ḥadīth transmission an... more Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Rāzī was a leading figure in the science of ḥadīth transmission and considered among the early generation in ḥadīth transmitter criticism (what are known as al-ǧarḥ wa al-taʿdīl, impugning and approving). However, later ḥadīth scholars classified Abū Ḥātim as a mutašaddid (severe) ḥadīth critic, based on his abundant evaluations and criticisms of the ḥadīth transmitters. The evaluation of his criticism is sometimes ambiguous and sometimes supplemented by clear statements and proofs. This ambiguity usually occurs as a result of the sophisticated terminologies, different uses of multiple meanings of a word, inconsistencies and the unusual presence of contradictions. This matter may lead to confusion and misunderstanding among contemporary scholars and students of ḥadīth transmitter criticism. Among the terms he used were ‘laysa bi al-qawī’ and ‘laysa bi qawī’, which literally means ‘not strong’ and deny the credibility of a transmitter, or totally reject...
In a recent volume of the Encyclopaedia of Arabic Literature, Ibn Ḥibbān is credited as the autho... more In a recent volume of the Encyclopaedia of Arabic Literature, Ibn Ḥibbān is credited as the author of the Kitāb al-Ṯiqāt, and is described as “a widely travelled traditionist and prolific writer.” The Kitāb al-Ṯiqāt is one of the most valuable sources for the study of the biographies of the transmitters of the ḥadīṯs over the first three centuries and is a record of medieval Islamicate history, even including non-ḥadīṯ transmission. The subject of the Kitāb al-Ṯiqāt is the Prophet’s sīra, the history of caliphs and kings, biographies of Companions, ḥadīṯ transmitters, legal theorists, theologians, and many others. In this brief article, an attempt is made to describe Ibn Ḥibbān’s approach to the sīra of the Prophet, in order to arrive at some general considerations on the relationship between ḥadīṯ studies and historiography. The tarāǧim (chapter titles) and narrative arrangement of the Kitāb al-Ṯiqāt give insight into Ibn Ḥibbān’s expositions, and demonstrate that his interest goes...
Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies, 2019
In general, the biographical dictionary is usually described as the purview of the history of a r... more In general, the biographical dictionary is usually described as the purview of the history of a religion’s approach to encyclopaedic life-narratives. Biographies of the Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and other scholars have all been written with the intention of increasing Islamic faithfulness and piety. While illuminating or phenomenological studies of a few features of Islamic biographical writing exist, there is a need for a more analytical survey to show how biographical appearances evolved and developed. This article undertakes an exploratory analysis of ḥadīṯ scholars’ biographical dictionaries around the second/eight and third/ninth centuries as presented in their works. Apart from the scholarly trend and prevalent religious notions of the time, it will highlight this generation’s contribution and role to the field of Islamic scholarship as well as the influence upon the next generation. The many sub-genres of biographical dictionaries of ḥadīṯ transmitters that are present...
This brief article argues that early Muslim scholars correlated knowledge with social endurance. ... more This brief article argues that early Muslim scholars correlated knowledge with social endurance. Ibn Ḥibbān’s al-Mashāhīr is a compendium of biographies of men of learning from various regions of early Islam which contained many entries the subjects of which included came literary individuals who took an active role in encouraging the spread of knowledge. This study attempts to examine the purposes, form, structure, content, total of figures, and basic strategies used in Ibn Ḥibbān’s Mashāhīr along with his general contribution to the science of ḥadīth transmission in the late third and fourth Islamic centuries. It has not, however, produced a comprehensive examination of the wide dimension of prosopographical texts available in Ibn Ḥibbān’s work. The task also involves analysing both theoretical and practical aspects of Ibn Ḥibbān’s method for organizing. In the arrangement of biographical dictionary Ibn Ḥibbān could reveal the genealogy of authority he had constructed over the pa...
The study of ḥadīth scholarship, even if concentrating ḥadīth corpus, or even extracting the tran... more The study of ḥadīth scholarship, even if concentrating ḥadīth corpus, or even extracting the transmission of ḥadīth collections, has faced growing criticism. Many scholars of ḥadīth have no lack of confidence about the preservation of ḥadīth collections, while others have thoughtfully been sceptical. The discussion of the “authenticity” of authorship of ḥadīth collections, Arabic literature furnishes with a chain of transmitters for texts made about the past. Alongside both famous Ṣaḥīḥayn of al-Bukhārī and Muslim, Ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī (d. 354/965) - a scholar from Lashkar Gah, Afghanistan - compiled at least one gigantic ḥadīth collection usually regarded as the last collection of this ‘Ṣaḥīḥ movement’. Among the eighty-plus works that Ibn Ḥibbān’s biographers say he wrote is his famous ḥadīth collection named “al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ ʿalā al-Taqāsim wa al-Anwāʿ min ghayr wujūd qaṭʿ fī sanadihā walā thubūt jarḥ fī nāqilīhā.” The Ṣaḥīḥ, like the many existing ḥadīth compilations, was hand...
The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natu... more The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natural philosophy and religious thought in the medieval Islamic world. Just as one might split philosophy in the Islamic world into eras before and after Avicenna, so one could periodise medical history into the time before and after Ibn Sīnā’s glorious al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb (Canon of Medicine). This article compares the medical theory in al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb and al-Dhahabī’s (d. 748/1348) al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī to determine if the medieval al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre was influenced by the post-Avicennian tradition. To assess this theoretical impact on the writing in the prophetic medicine genre, the article first analyses the introductory part of both writings, as well as the subsequent developments in al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī writings. This will form a comparative view of the medieval anatomical and philosophical positions. Given that traditional prophetic medicine is the focus of the al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genr...
This study aims to explain the relationship between determining mudraj (interpolated), which is o... more This study aims to explain the relationship between determining mudraj (interpolated), which is one of the types of weak hadith, and the art of critiquing hadith texts, which is included in one of the processes of assessing the status of hadith or also referred to as hadith criticism. Based on the authors' observations, there has never been a connection between determining the mudraj of the text and text criticism in specific studies. The authors employ library research methods and text analysis to identify the approach used by hadith scholars in determining idrāj and mudraj expressions, evaluating the discussed examples, and their relationship with the art of text or matan (text/content) criticism. The study results indicate that the art of critiquing hadith texts has long been rooted in the discussions of hadith science and is highly objective without being influenced by any ideology or thought. At the same time, it can refute baseless accusations that hadith scholars have neglected textual aspects and only focused on the isnad aspect alone.
Prophetic medicine describes various methods of treatment and prevention of diseases recommended ... more Prophetic medicine describes various methods of treatment and prevention of diseases recommended by the Prophet SAW. The Prophet was seen suggesting the use of certain natural ingredients such as honey, tamar and al-habbah al-sauda' to the his companions as a solution to their health problems. Recently, this aspect of holiness that accompanies the Prophet's words has been exploited by some parties with the aim of promoting their products that contain the ingredients mentioned in the hadith. Some traders who sell these ingredients directly are also seen not to be left behind in publicizing the business with the same modus operandi. Not only that, some of the generality of the hadith phrases of the Prophet (SAW) are also used arbitrarily to gain the interest of the buyers without taking the understanding of Islamic scholars and modern medical experts as a backup in interacting with the relevant hadiths. The objective of this article is to highlight the principles of prophetic medicine as espoused by Mahmud Nazhim al-Nasimi in his work "Al-Tibb al-Nabawi wa al-'Ilm al-Hadith". The analysis is done based on deductive approach and comparison of the principles he has proposed with the comments of Islamic scholars in the works of hadith compilations. The results of the study found that the principles of prophetic medicine stated by al-Nasimi such as the incorporation of elements of revelation and ijtihad in prophetic medicine were found to be in line with the ideas that had been stated by some early Islamic scholars.
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nov 19, 2023
Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed our interactions with the world, spawning complex ap... more Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed our interactions with the world, spawning complex apps and gadgets known as intelligent agents. ChatGPT, a chatbot hybrid of AI and human-computer interaction, converse with humans and have a wide range of possible uses. Chatbots have showed potential in the field of medical education and health sciences by aiding learning, offering feedback, and increasing metacognitive thinking among undergraduate and postgraduate students. OpenAI's ChatGPT, an advanced language model, has substantially enhanced chatbot capabilities. Chatbots are being used in the medical related field for teaching & learning, mental state categorisation, medication recommendation, health education and awareness. While chatbots have been well accepted by users, further study is needed to fully grasp their use in medical and healthcare settings. This study looked at 32 research on ChatGPT and chatbots in medical-related fields and medical education. Medical education, anatomy, vaccines, internal medicine, psychiatry, dentistry, nursing, and psychology were among the topics discussed in the articles. The study designs ranged from pilot studies to controlled experimental trials. The findings show the exponential growth and potential of ChatGPT and chatbots in healthcare and medical education, as well as the necessity for more research and development in this sector.
Cancer is a type of disease that exists as a result of a cell imbalance or caused by a negative c... more Cancer is a type of disease that exists as a result of a cell imbalance or caused by a negative cell reaction in the body. Normally, body cells will go through the cell replacement process according to its rules to improve, restore and replace new cells if there is an injury or wound. This cancer disease has rarely occurred in the community since 4500 BC, therefore this study will increase knowledge and input about the signs of cancer and general ideas related to treatment methods and prevention of cancer infection. There are 100 types of cancer that have been stated by earlier Islamic scientists in the books of Tibb and also in the hadith by using various words that indicate 'cancer' such as tumor, boil and so on. Although there are many past studies that debate about cancer in various aspects, this study analyzes cancer from the point of view of the hadith recommended by the Prophet SAW. By applying the method of content analysis contained inductively and deductively that ...
The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natu... more The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natural philosophy and religious thought in the medieval Islamic world. Just as one might split philosophy in the Islamic world into eras before and after Avicenna, so one could periodise medical history into the time before and after Ibn Sīnā’s glorious al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb (Canon of Medicine). This article compares the medical theory in al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb and al-Dhahabī’s (d. 748/1348) al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī to determine if the medieval al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre was influenced by the post-Avicennian tradition. To assess this theoretical impact on the writing in the prophetic medicine genre, the article first analyses the introductory part of both writings, as well as the subsequent developments in al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī writings. This will form a comparative view of the medieval anatomical and philosophical positions. Given that traditional prophetic medicine is the focus of the al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre, the article turns to the question of medical theory, did al-Dhahabī really observe this topic? What role does medical ḥadīth play in determining how Muslims should approach classical theories of medicine? By comparing these two works, one can see that al-Dhahabī’s al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī developed in interaction with and extension of the al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb, as well as an attempt to bring forth a new form of medicine, that would integrate Ibn Sīnā’s medical theory with Prophetic ḥadīth.
Many contemporary studies approach Mahdism from a political-science orientation or historical per... more Many contemporary studies approach Mahdism from a political-science orientation or historical perspective, as the evidence is marshalled from the influential Mahdist movement in Islamic history—Abbasids, Fatimids, Muwahhids, Sudanese Mahdists, and so on. As such, it can be seen that there has been a lack of discourse as regards abstraction, particularly concerning the literary structure of Mahdī ḥadīth. This paper explores a panoramic view of ḥadīth commentaries in order to understand their commentarial production on apocalyptic questions, specifically focusing on the subject of Mahdī within this trend of Sunni ḥadīth scholarship. Ḥadīth commentaries are meant to bridge the gap in space and time between Prophetic words or teachings and the actual world of the reader. Hence, this study provides a brief survey of the documentation of Mahdī ḥadīth, starting with the classical Sunnite ḥadīth compendia of the second century of Hijrah. The material has been drawn from ḥadīth compendia, to...
COVID-19 has struck since 2020. The Strategic Preparation and Response Plan (SPRP) by the World H... more COVID-19 has struck since 2020. The Strategic Preparation and Response Plan (SPRP) by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 outlines 11 indicators to battle the pandemic. In comparison to the Islamic tradition, the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in kitāb al-mardhā and kitāb al-ṭibb of Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī showcase the approaches and principles of modern epidemiology-based solutions. Hence, this paper attempts to analyse the disease control plan of WHO based on leading-edge epidemiology and prophetic traditions. Furthermore, it also intends to correlate pragmatic principles from the hadith and their commentaries with contemporary epidemiology. While dissecting the kitāb almardhā and kitāb al-ṭibb from al-Bukhārī's (d. 870CE/256AH) magnum opus to establish the core principle, the researcher likewise interprets the pillars of the Strategic Preparation and Response Plan (SPRP) attempting to synchronise with the prophetic tradition. Long before the present solution, border control and preventive social measures were implemented; it stands to reason that modern epidemiology is in accord with the prophetic tradition. In short, five of the eleven pillars are directly in line with the ḥadīth.
Metodologi krtikan ḥadīth berkembang dalam dunia Islam sejak abad pertama hijrah dan masih menjad... more Metodologi krtikan ḥadīth berkembang dalam dunia Islam sejak abad pertama hijrah dan masih menjadi ciri khas kesarjanaan Islam sehingga hari ini. Salah seorang ilmuwan ḥadīth prolifik, Ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī telah menghasilkan kamus biografi Kitāb al-Thiqāt yang merupakan karya berharga buat pengkajian tiga abad pertama hijrah samada daripada sudut metodologi kritikan ḥadīth mahupun rakaman sejarah awal Islam yang tidak berhubungan dengan ilmu ḥadīth. Artikel ini menyusur galur penggunan metodologi kritikan ḥadīth dan kerangka kronologi bagi penilaian tekstual warisan nabawi serta pengelompokan generasi manusia dari masa atau zaman yang sama (ṭabaqāt). Dengan menggunakan dua kajian kes berserta analisis kandungan, percubaan makalah ini adalah untuk membentangkan pendekatan Ibn Ḥibbān terhadap sīra Nabi Muhammad lantas menuju kepada beberapa pertimbangan umum mengenai hubungan ilmu ḥadīth dan pensejarahan (historiografi). Hasil kajian memperlihatkan pendekatan pensejarahan melalui metod...
This research is based upon a collection of generally unutilized ḥadīth literature, and is not on... more This research is based upon a collection of generally unutilized ḥadīth literature, and is not only concerned with a study of “authenticity” of the ḥadīth, but is also concerned with the science of ḥadīth transmission as advanced by the master critic, Ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī (d. 354/965). Although the focus of modern ḥadīth scholarship has placed greater emphasis on transmitter evaluation of the second/eight and the third/ninth centuries, it still the case that a great part of the reliability of ḥadīth transmitter was not simply adopted by ḥadīth critics of the fourth/tenth century, as Ibn Ḥibbān has distinctly demonstrated. By scrutinizing Ibn Ḥibbān’s introduction to his al-Taqāsim wa al-Anwāʿ (“The Divisions and the Categories”) famously known as Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān, we are afforded a unique insight into the application of his transmitter evaluation, authentic ḥadīth criterion and the concept of khabar and sunna. As the title suggests, this was a very clear conception of the degree to w...
Al-Bayan: Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies, 2020
Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Rāzī was a leading figure in the science of ḥadīth transmission an... more Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Rāzī was a leading figure in the science of ḥadīth transmission and considered among the early generation in ḥadīth transmitter criticism (what are known as al-ǧarḥ wa al-taʿdīl, impugning and approving). However, later ḥadīth scholars classified Abū Ḥātim as a mutašaddid (severe) ḥadīth critic, based on his abundant evaluations and criticisms of the ḥadīth transmitters. The evaluation of his criticism is sometimes ambiguous and sometimes supplemented by clear statements and proofs. This ambiguity usually occurs as a result of the sophisticated terminologies, different uses of multiple meanings of a word, inconsistencies and the unusual presence of contradictions. This matter may lead to confusion and misunderstanding among contemporary scholars and students of ḥadīth transmitter criticism. Among the terms he used were ‘laysa bi al-qawī’ and ‘laysa bi qawī’, which literally means ‘not strong’ and deny the credibility of a transmitter, or totally reject...
In a recent volume of the Encyclopaedia of Arabic Literature, Ibn Ḥibbān is credited as the autho... more In a recent volume of the Encyclopaedia of Arabic Literature, Ibn Ḥibbān is credited as the author of the Kitāb al-Ṯiqāt, and is described as “a widely travelled traditionist and prolific writer.” The Kitāb al-Ṯiqāt is one of the most valuable sources for the study of the biographies of the transmitters of the ḥadīṯs over the first three centuries and is a record of medieval Islamicate history, even including non-ḥadīṯ transmission. The subject of the Kitāb al-Ṯiqāt is the Prophet’s sīra, the history of caliphs and kings, biographies of Companions, ḥadīṯ transmitters, legal theorists, theologians, and many others. In this brief article, an attempt is made to describe Ibn Ḥibbān’s approach to the sīra of the Prophet, in order to arrive at some general considerations on the relationship between ḥadīṯ studies and historiography. The tarāǧim (chapter titles) and narrative arrangement of the Kitāb al-Ṯiqāt give insight into Ibn Ḥibbān’s expositions, and demonstrate that his interest goes...
Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies, 2019
In general, the biographical dictionary is usually described as the purview of the history of a r... more In general, the biographical dictionary is usually described as the purview of the history of a religion’s approach to encyclopaedic life-narratives. Biographies of the Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and other scholars have all been written with the intention of increasing Islamic faithfulness and piety. While illuminating or phenomenological studies of a few features of Islamic biographical writing exist, there is a need for a more analytical survey to show how biographical appearances evolved and developed. This article undertakes an exploratory analysis of ḥadīṯ scholars’ biographical dictionaries around the second/eight and third/ninth centuries as presented in their works. Apart from the scholarly trend and prevalent religious notions of the time, it will highlight this generation’s contribution and role to the field of Islamic scholarship as well as the influence upon the next generation. The many sub-genres of biographical dictionaries of ḥadīṯ transmitters that are present...
This brief article argues that early Muslim scholars correlated knowledge with social endurance. ... more This brief article argues that early Muslim scholars correlated knowledge with social endurance. Ibn Ḥibbān’s al-Mashāhīr is a compendium of biographies of men of learning from various regions of early Islam which contained many entries the subjects of which included came literary individuals who took an active role in encouraging the spread of knowledge. This study attempts to examine the purposes, form, structure, content, total of figures, and basic strategies used in Ibn Ḥibbān’s Mashāhīr along with his general contribution to the science of ḥadīth transmission in the late third and fourth Islamic centuries. It has not, however, produced a comprehensive examination of the wide dimension of prosopographical texts available in Ibn Ḥibbān’s work. The task also involves analysing both theoretical and practical aspects of Ibn Ḥibbān’s method for organizing. In the arrangement of biographical dictionary Ibn Ḥibbān could reveal the genealogy of authority he had constructed over the pa...
The study of ḥadīth scholarship, even if concentrating ḥadīth corpus, or even extracting the tran... more The study of ḥadīth scholarship, even if concentrating ḥadīth corpus, or even extracting the transmission of ḥadīth collections, has faced growing criticism. Many scholars of ḥadīth have no lack of confidence about the preservation of ḥadīth collections, while others have thoughtfully been sceptical. The discussion of the “authenticity” of authorship of ḥadīth collections, Arabic literature furnishes with a chain of transmitters for texts made about the past. Alongside both famous Ṣaḥīḥayn of al-Bukhārī and Muslim, Ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī (d. 354/965) - a scholar from Lashkar Gah, Afghanistan - compiled at least one gigantic ḥadīth collection usually regarded as the last collection of this ‘Ṣaḥīḥ movement’. Among the eighty-plus works that Ibn Ḥibbān’s biographers say he wrote is his famous ḥadīth collection named “al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ ʿalā al-Taqāsim wa al-Anwāʿ min ghayr wujūd qaṭʿ fī sanadihā walā thubūt jarḥ fī nāqilīhā.” The Ṣaḥīḥ, like the many existing ḥadīth compilations, was hand...
The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natu... more The Galenic account of medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 427AH/1037CE) was remarkably significant for natural philosophy and religious thought in the medieval Islamic world. Just as one might split philosophy in the Islamic world into eras before and after Avicenna, so one could periodise medical history into the time before and after Ibn Sīnā’s glorious al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb (Canon of Medicine). This article compares the medical theory in al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb and al-Dhahabī’s (d. 748/1348) al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī to determine if the medieval al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genre was influenced by the post-Avicennian tradition. To assess this theoretical impact on the writing in the prophetic medicine genre, the article first analyses the introductory part of both writings, as well as the subsequent developments in al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī writings. This will form a comparative view of the medieval anatomical and philosophical positions. Given that traditional prophetic medicine is the focus of the al-Ṭibb al-Nabawī genr...
Uploads
Papers by Fawwaz Yusoff