Edited books by Karina Marczuk
This volume explores the bilateral treaties concluded after 1990 between the Republic of Poland a... more This volume explores the bilateral treaties concluded after 1990 between the Republic of Poland and its neighbouring states (Germany, then-Czechoslovakia, Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Belarus and Lithuania), known as treaties on neighbourly relations or good neighbourhood treaties. These treaties, through which Poland and its neighbours were able to establish their political, security and social relations, were extremely significant in that they provided a unique way for them to organise their interstate post-Cold War relations. This book analyses the consequences of these treaties and addresses a variety of issues, including security policy and cooperation, migration, national minority rights, economic cooperation, education, and cross-border cooperation.
Reconciliation - Partnership - Security: Cooperation between Poland and Germany 1991-2016. The 25... more Reconciliation - Partnership - Security: Cooperation between Poland and Germany 1991-2016. The 25th Anniversary of the Treaty between the Republic of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany on Good Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation
The theme of this collection of academic essays relates to the dimensions of Polish-German cooperation with regard to security, which has mainly occurred during the last 25 years since the signing of the 1991 Treaty on Good Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation between the Republic of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany. Due to the complexity of Polish-German relations, it is also necessary to take their historical background into consideration. That is why some of the studies address historical aspects of the countries’ bilateral relationship, i.e. those prior to 1991, which will provide the readers with a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of Polish-German relations. The contributions deal with Polish-German cooperation on issues such as domestic and foreign security and defence as well as with their cooperation at the regional level. The authors have not only used secondary sources in their studies but also legal and archival documents plus other official papers. Since the articles were written by a group of international political scholars and historians, they contain sources in a variety of languages, mainly Polish, German and English, which adds to this volume’s value.
The European Union's policy in the scope of internal security: Determinants - implementation - ch... more The European Union's policy in the scope of internal security: Determinants - implementation - challenges in the second decade of the XXIst century
Tematyka książki dotyczy polityki Unii Europejskiej w zakresie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, uwarunkowań tej polityki, jej realizacji oraz wyzwań i zagrożeń w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. Zwalczanie różnych form przestępczości, w tym cyberprzestępczości, terroryzmu, wzmacnianie ochrony granic, troska o ochronę ludności i niwelowanie skutków klęsk żywiołowych i katastrof naturalnych oraz tych wywołanych działalnością człowieka i awariami przemysłowymi to główne problemy z zakresu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, z którymi stara się zmierzyć Unia Europejska. Poruszane w publikacji zagadnienia to niewątpliwie fascynujący obszar badań i analiz nie tylko dla naukowców, lecz także dla licznej grupy praktyków. Adresatami prezentowanej książki są zatem ci Czytelnicy, którym omawiane kwestie są bliskie i stanowią przedmiot ich zainteresowań naukowych bądź zawodowych. Książka skierowana jest również do wszystkich tych, którzy pragną poszerzać swoją wiedzę na temat zmian zachodzących w Unii Europejskiej w odniesieniu do problematyki bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego.
Two Decades of Changes: Romania 1989–2009
The events that broke out twenty years ago in Romania ... more Two Decades of Changes: Romania 1989–2009
The events that broke out twenty years ago in Romania were a crucial breakthrough in a contemporary history of a modern Romanian state. Romania had to institute the democracy and free market economy, as the Western countries. The key point was the so-called coup d’état or Revolution of December 1989. The presented volume entitled Two Decades of Changes: Romania 1989–2009, edited by Karina Paulina Marczuk, comprehensively analyzes the most important changes occurred in Romania since the Revolution of December 1989. The book was being written by a group of experts from various countries, either academics or professionals, directly involved in the Romanian political, economic, military and social affairs. The aim of the authors was to present a comprehensive, coherent and objective outlook of Romania’s post-communist transformation. The volume objectively addresses several sensitive issues, such as the country’s political, social and economic transformation since 1989. Therefore, the book is a unique and valuable volume, thoroughly depicting the modern Romanian state.
Books by Karina Marczuk
Functional security of the states of the Northern Europe region
Nowadays most states draw atte... more Functional security of the states of the Northern Europe region
Nowadays most states draw attention not only to the security of their territory, the preservation of their territorial integrity and sovereignty, but also – and, perhaps, particularly – to the security of their citizens. Meeting the basic needs of people, ensuring the working of public transport as well as other means of communication, electronic communication, ensuring uninterrupted supplies of energy – these are only the most significant examples of the vital functions that states and societies must fulfil in order to function harmoniously, especially in the case of emergencies such as natural disasters or accidents caused by human activity. The recognition of this domain of security as a priority for states and societies is particularly evident in the states of the region of Northern Europe and within the European Union (EU). For these states and for the EU the protection of people, property and environment is a crucial matter. It can therefore be concluded that functional security is one of the main priorities for the states of the region of Northern Europe and is also becoming a key task for the EU.
Internal security of the European Union Member States: From security of states to safety of peopl... more Internal security of the European Union Member States: From security of states to safety of people
The understanding of internal security in the post-Cold War period considerably differs from the perception of the concept prevailing in the previous era. The qualitative change in the meaning of internal security has been caused by many factors of both intra-state as well as – paradoxically – international character. However, internal security is understood in different ways in various states because of their history and traditions, political and legal systems, current policies in internal affairs etc., and also due to their membership in international organizations. In particular, the European Union (EU) member states had to adopt an approach to internal security which has been evolving during the last two decades because of the impact of solutions implemented by the EU in the field of internal security. Another very important factor is the boom of alternative concepts of security after the end of the Cold War which are moving away from the traditional, state-security paradigm towards new subjects of security – e.g. the ecosystem (environmental security), social groups (societal security) and, finally, the individual human being (human security). It is the concept of human security that has become well-established, firstly in the policies of the United Nations (UN), and more recently within the European Union, as well.
The topic of this volume is the understanding of internal security in states that are members of the European Union. A particular interest of the analysis has been the question to what extent the concept of human security has influenced the current perception of internal security. There are two main concepts of human security, which are widely known as the Japanese school (“freedom from want”), a broad approach, focused on meeting basic human needs, and the narrower approach of the so-called Canadian school, postulating “freedom from fear”, i.e. protection of rights and civil liberties as well as personal safety. In this volume the impact of both these concepts of human security on the meaning of internal security is explored.
The Third Option: Carabinieri/Gendarmerie like forces in selected Mediterranean Countries (2nd ed... more The Third Option: Carabinieri/Gendarmerie like forces in selected Mediterranean Countries (2nd ed.)
The book provides a concise analysis of the French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Turkish constabulary forces. The issue of maintaining public security and public order within states and during interventions abroad by police forces with military status is discussed, as well. The paper discusses the activity of these formations at the present time seen as a result of their genesis, history, tradition, evolution of competences and tasks.
The Third Option: Carabinieri/Gendarmerie like forces in selected Mediterranean Countries (1st ed... more The Third Option: Carabinieri/Gendarmerie like forces in selected Mediterranean Countries (1st ed.)
The book provides a concise analysis of the French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Turkish constabulary forces. The issue of maintaining public security and public order within states and during interventions abroad by police forces with military status is discussed, as well. The paper discusses the activity of these formations at the present time seen as a result of their genesis, history, tradition, evolution of competences and tasks.
Chapters by Karina Marczuk
Teorie i podejścia badawcze geopolityki, 2020
K.P. Marczuk, 2020. Wykorzystanie analizy czynnikowej w badaniach bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego. Ro... more K.P. Marczuk, 2020. Wykorzystanie analizy czynnikowej w badaniach bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego. Rola uwarunkowań geograficznych. In: A. Tyszkiewicz and P. Borowiec, eds. 2020. Teorie i podejścia badawcze geopolityki. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, pp. 197-209.
Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne, będące jednym z wymiarów bezpieczeństwa, jest obszarem eksplorowanym za pomocą różnych metod. Tematem artykułu jest zagadnienie wykorzystania analizy czynnikowej w badaniach bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, przy czym rozpatrywano znaczenie uwarunkowań geograficznych dla poziomu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego na danym obszarze. Na potrzeby prowadzonych badań założono, że uwarunkowania geograficzne mają wpływ na poziom bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w państwie. Główne pytanie, na które starano się znaleźć odpowiedź, dotyczy tego, jakie subczynniki czy też kryteria powinny być brane pod uwagę w procesie badania bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego – z punktu widzenia uwarunkowań geograficznych. Tekst kończy zestawienie wysnutych wniosków.
K.P. Marczuk, ed. Good Neighbourhood Treaties of Poland: Political, Security and Social Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019
This paper discusses the treaties on good neighbourhood and friendly cooperation signed by Poland... more This paper discusses the treaties on good neighbourhood and friendly cooperation signed by Poland and its neighbours in the 1990s, and their impact on Polish public diplomacy in those countries in the years 2007–2014. The period analysed is not accidental, because in 2007 Radosław Sikorski became the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland, holding that office until 2014. It was Sikorski who strongly emphasised the significance of public diplomacy and its modern tools, such as digital diplomacy. The question posed is whether the good neighbourhood treaties contributed to promoting Poland among its neighbours during the period examined. The argument is that particular provisions of the treaties facilitated public diplomacy campaigns by Poland in its neighbouring countries, as is shown through an analysis of case studies of Poland’s major public diplomacy campaigns between 2007 and 2014.
K.P. Marczuk, ed. Good Neighbourhood Treaties of Poland: Political, Security and Social Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019
At the beginning of the 1990s, Poland and the countries adjacent to it, i.e. Germany, the Czech R... more At the beginning of the 1990s, Poland and the countries adjacent to it, i.e. Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Russia, had to organise their mutual relations in the political, security, social and various other spheres. That is why Poland and its neighbours entered into treaties, known as ‘treaties on neighbourly relations’ or ‘good neighbourhood treaties’, aimed at facilitating their overall bilateral relations in the years to come. The Introduction to the book comprises a statement of aims, the research questions which the book attempts to answer, and a short presentation of the theme. The structure of the volume consists of five main parts, of which the first is devoted to the theoretical dimensions of good neighbourhood policy, while the rest cover Poland’s bilateral relations with its neighbours to the northeast, west, south, and east.
K.P. Marczuk, ed. Good Neighbourhood Treaties of Poland: Political, Security and Social Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019
The period of time since Poland concluded good neighbourhood treaties with its neighbours can be ... more The period of time since Poland concluded good neighbourhood treaties with its neighbours can be characterised as one in which the mutual relations initiated by the provisions of particular treaties have changed and evolved. Step by step, new areas of mutual cooperation have opened up where possible. Final considerations and a summary of the research conducted are contained in the Conclusions. As to detailed conclusions, the authors themselves have explained their positions, although it could be stated that the challenges all the signatories face today will test the relevancy and usefulness of the good neighbourhood treaties in the future.
Translation of the paper by R.D. Putnam, Diplomacy and domestic politics: The logic of two level ... more Translation of the paper by R.D. Putnam, Diplomacy and domestic politics: The logic of two level games, „International Organization” 1988, t. 42, nr 3, pp. 427–460.
The focus of this article is on the evolution of cultural relations, cooperation and diplomacy th... more The focus of this article is on the evolution of cultural relations, cooperation and diplomacy that have been developed by Poland in Spain since 1977. The main argument is that contemporary Polish cultural diplomacy is a part of a broader notion, i.e. public diplomacy, which might be observed in the case of Spain. The research questions concern, first, the origin and legal basis of past and present cooperation in cultural affairs between Poland and Spain, and second, the main stages that can be distinguished in bilateral cultural ties. The principal method employed by the author in order to find the answers to these research questions is the analysis of source materials and documents issued by the government of Poland. The article culminates with a concise presentation of conclusions.
Tematem artykułu są obecne kierunki rozwoju polityki Australii w zakresie migracji, przy czym mig... more Tematem artykułu są obecne kierunki rozwoju polityki Australii w zakresie migracji, przy czym migracja traktowana jako wyzwanie dla Australii w różnych wymiarach – zarówno społecznym, jak i gospodarczym bądź politycznym. Zidentyfikowano spektrum czynników, które przyczyniają się do tego, że Australia jest pożądanym przez migrantów państwem docelowym, jak również szukano płaszczyzn, na których może dochodzić do zderzania się odmiennych wizji rozwoju polityki Australii w zakresie migracji. Hipoteza badawcza opiera się na twierdzeniu, że Australia dąży do zaostrzenia prowadzonej przez siebie polityki migracyjnej. Pytania, na które poszukiwano odpowiedzi dotyczą po pierwsze tego, jakie czynniki mają wpływ na kształtowanie polityki Australii w zakresie migracji, po drugie – jakie napięcia towarzyszą temu procesowi oraz, wreszcie, jakie są możliwe kierunki zmian w domenie tej polityki.
The paper concerns cross-border cooperation of Poland and Germany in the field of internal securi... more The paper concerns cross-border cooperation of Poland and Germany in the field of internal security, i.e. at the local level, since the signing of the Treaty on Good Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation between Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany of 17 June 1991. Furthermore, the challenges for cross-border cooperation between the two states were presented and analysed. It was assumed that the main challenges in the field of cross-border cooperation between Poland and Germany are related to ensuring internal security at the local community level.
Temat podejmowany w artykule dotyczy wyzwań dla Europejskich Sił Żandarmerii w zakresie zapewnian... more Temat podejmowany w artykule dotyczy wyzwań dla Europejskich Sił Żandarmerii w zakresie zapewniania bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego. Założono, że Europejskie Siły Żandarmerii są instytucją właściwą do wypełniania zadań z zakresu zapewniania bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego poza granicami UE. Posługiwano się wymiennie stosowanymi zarówno w literaturze przedmiotu, jak i w praktyce nazwami: żandarmeria, gwardia narodowa, siły policyjne o statusie wojskowym, constabulary forces. Pytania badawcze, na które szukano odpowiedzi, dotyczą, po pierwsze, istoty sił policyjnych o statusie wojskowym; po drugie, genezy i ewolucji EGF; wreszcie tego, jakie są obecnie wyzwania w obszarze bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, na które gotowe byłyby odpowiedzieć Europejskie Siły Żandarmerii. Artykuł kończy zestawienie wyciągniętych wniosków.
W artykule podjęto temat budowania odporności na sytuacje kryzysowe we współczesnej Australii. Za... more W artykule podjęto temat budowania odporności na sytuacje kryzysowe we współczesnej Australii. Założono, że o unikatowości przyjętych w Australii rozwiązań w zakresie reagowania na sytuacje kryzysowe przesądzają specyficzne czynniki. W celu zbadania tego zagadnienia dokonano po pierwsze wyjaśnienia terminu resilience, a następnie pokrótce przeanalizowano główne czynniki, które przesądzają o wyjątkowości rozwiązań przyjętych w Australii. Artykuł kończy zestawienie wyprowadzonych wniosków. Pytania badawcze, na które szukano odpowiedzi, dotyczą przede wszystkim tego, jaki jest zakres znaczeniowy terminu resilience i po drugie tego, jakie czynniki przesądzają o kształcie rozwiązań przyjętych w Australii.
Tematem artykułu są główne założenia dotyczące ochrony ludności przez różnorakimi klęskami i kat... more Tematem artykułu są główne założenia dotyczące ochrony ludności przez różnorakimi klęskami i katastrofami, zawarte w komunikacie UE pt. Strategia bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego UE w działaniu. Postawione pytania dotyczą, po pierwsze, tego w jaki sposób w ramach UE rozumie się ochronę ludności. Po drugie, jakie są możliwe praktyczne działania na szczeblu UE w tym zakresie.
Tematem artykułu jest funkcjonowanie mechanizmów, które wypracowała UE w zakresie reagowanie na z... more Tematem artykułu jest funkcjonowanie mechanizmów, które wypracowała UE w zakresie reagowanie na zagrożenia godzące w ludność, środowisko i dobra na jej obszarze. Egzemplifikacją omawianych rozwiązań jest studium konkretnego przypadku, tj. zagrożenia epidemią bakterii E. coli w państwach członkowskich, które miało miejsce w 2011 r. (tzw. afera kiełkowa).
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Edited books by Karina Marczuk
The theme of this collection of academic essays relates to the dimensions of Polish-German cooperation with regard to security, which has mainly occurred during the last 25 years since the signing of the 1991 Treaty on Good Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation between the Republic of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany. Due to the complexity of Polish-German relations, it is also necessary to take their historical background into consideration. That is why some of the studies address historical aspects of the countries’ bilateral relationship, i.e. those prior to 1991, which will provide the readers with a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of Polish-German relations. The contributions deal with Polish-German cooperation on issues such as domestic and foreign security and defence as well as with their cooperation at the regional level. The authors have not only used secondary sources in their studies but also legal and archival documents plus other official papers. Since the articles were written by a group of international political scholars and historians, they contain sources in a variety of languages, mainly Polish, German and English, which adds to this volume’s value.
Tematyka książki dotyczy polityki Unii Europejskiej w zakresie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, uwarunkowań tej polityki, jej realizacji oraz wyzwań i zagrożeń w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. Zwalczanie różnych form przestępczości, w tym cyberprzestępczości, terroryzmu, wzmacnianie ochrony granic, troska o ochronę ludności i niwelowanie skutków klęsk żywiołowych i katastrof naturalnych oraz tych wywołanych działalnością człowieka i awariami przemysłowymi to główne problemy z zakresu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, z którymi stara się zmierzyć Unia Europejska. Poruszane w publikacji zagadnienia to niewątpliwie fascynujący obszar badań i analiz nie tylko dla naukowców, lecz także dla licznej grupy praktyków. Adresatami prezentowanej książki są zatem ci Czytelnicy, którym omawiane kwestie są bliskie i stanowią przedmiot ich zainteresowań naukowych bądź zawodowych. Książka skierowana jest również do wszystkich tych, którzy pragną poszerzać swoją wiedzę na temat zmian zachodzących w Unii Europejskiej w odniesieniu do problematyki bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego.
The events that broke out twenty years ago in Romania were a crucial breakthrough in a contemporary history of a modern Romanian state. Romania had to institute the democracy and free market economy, as the Western countries. The key point was the so-called coup d’état or Revolution of December 1989. The presented volume entitled Two Decades of Changes: Romania 1989–2009, edited by Karina Paulina Marczuk, comprehensively analyzes the most important changes occurred in Romania since the Revolution of December 1989. The book was being written by a group of experts from various countries, either academics or professionals, directly involved in the Romanian political, economic, military and social affairs. The aim of the authors was to present a comprehensive, coherent and objective outlook of Romania’s post-communist transformation. The volume objectively addresses several sensitive issues, such as the country’s political, social and economic transformation since 1989. Therefore, the book is a unique and valuable volume, thoroughly depicting the modern Romanian state.
Books by Karina Marczuk
Nowadays most states draw attention not only to the security of their territory, the preservation of their territorial integrity and sovereignty, but also – and, perhaps, particularly – to the security of their citizens. Meeting the basic needs of people, ensuring the working of public transport as well as other means of communication, electronic communication, ensuring uninterrupted supplies of energy – these are only the most significant examples of the vital functions that states and societies must fulfil in order to function harmoniously, especially in the case of emergencies such as natural disasters or accidents caused by human activity. The recognition of this domain of security as a priority for states and societies is particularly evident in the states of the region of Northern Europe and within the European Union (EU). For these states and for the EU the protection of people, property and environment is a crucial matter. It can therefore be concluded that functional security is one of the main priorities for the states of the region of Northern Europe and is also becoming a key task for the EU.
The understanding of internal security in the post-Cold War period considerably differs from the perception of the concept prevailing in the previous era. The qualitative change in the meaning of internal security has been caused by many factors of both intra-state as well as – paradoxically – international character. However, internal security is understood in different ways in various states because of their history and traditions, political and legal systems, current policies in internal affairs etc., and also due to their membership in international organizations. In particular, the European Union (EU) member states had to adopt an approach to internal security which has been evolving during the last two decades because of the impact of solutions implemented by the EU in the field of internal security. Another very important factor is the boom of alternative concepts of security after the end of the Cold War which are moving away from the traditional, state-security paradigm towards new subjects of security – e.g. the ecosystem (environmental security), social groups (societal security) and, finally, the individual human being (human security). It is the concept of human security that has become well-established, firstly in the policies of the United Nations (UN), and more recently within the European Union, as well.
The topic of this volume is the understanding of internal security in states that are members of the European Union. A particular interest of the analysis has been the question to what extent the concept of human security has influenced the current perception of internal security. There are two main concepts of human security, which are widely known as the Japanese school (“freedom from want”), a broad approach, focused on meeting basic human needs, and the narrower approach of the so-called Canadian school, postulating “freedom from fear”, i.e. protection of rights and civil liberties as well as personal safety. In this volume the impact of both these concepts of human security on the meaning of internal security is explored.
The book provides a concise analysis of the French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Turkish constabulary forces. The issue of maintaining public security and public order within states and during interventions abroad by police forces with military status is discussed, as well. The paper discusses the activity of these formations at the present time seen as a result of their genesis, history, tradition, evolution of competences and tasks.
The book provides a concise analysis of the French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Turkish constabulary forces. The issue of maintaining public security and public order within states and during interventions abroad by police forces with military status is discussed, as well. The paper discusses the activity of these formations at the present time seen as a result of their genesis, history, tradition, evolution of competences and tasks.
Chapters by Karina Marczuk
Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne, będące jednym z wymiarów bezpieczeństwa, jest obszarem eksplorowanym za pomocą różnych metod. Tematem artykułu jest zagadnienie wykorzystania analizy czynnikowej w badaniach bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, przy czym rozpatrywano znaczenie uwarunkowań geograficznych dla poziomu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego na danym obszarze. Na potrzeby prowadzonych badań założono, że uwarunkowania geograficzne mają wpływ na poziom bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w państwie. Główne pytanie, na które starano się znaleźć odpowiedź, dotyczy tego, jakie subczynniki czy też kryteria powinny być brane pod uwagę w procesie badania bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego – z punktu widzenia uwarunkowań geograficznych. Tekst kończy zestawienie wysnutych wniosków.
The theme of this collection of academic essays relates to the dimensions of Polish-German cooperation with regard to security, which has mainly occurred during the last 25 years since the signing of the 1991 Treaty on Good Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation between the Republic of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany. Due to the complexity of Polish-German relations, it is also necessary to take their historical background into consideration. That is why some of the studies address historical aspects of the countries’ bilateral relationship, i.e. those prior to 1991, which will provide the readers with a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of Polish-German relations. The contributions deal with Polish-German cooperation on issues such as domestic and foreign security and defence as well as with their cooperation at the regional level. The authors have not only used secondary sources in their studies but also legal and archival documents plus other official papers. Since the articles were written by a group of international political scholars and historians, they contain sources in a variety of languages, mainly Polish, German and English, which adds to this volume’s value.
Tematyka książki dotyczy polityki Unii Europejskiej w zakresie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, uwarunkowań tej polityki, jej realizacji oraz wyzwań i zagrożeń w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. Zwalczanie różnych form przestępczości, w tym cyberprzestępczości, terroryzmu, wzmacnianie ochrony granic, troska o ochronę ludności i niwelowanie skutków klęsk żywiołowych i katastrof naturalnych oraz tych wywołanych działalnością człowieka i awariami przemysłowymi to główne problemy z zakresu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, z którymi stara się zmierzyć Unia Europejska. Poruszane w publikacji zagadnienia to niewątpliwie fascynujący obszar badań i analiz nie tylko dla naukowców, lecz także dla licznej grupy praktyków. Adresatami prezentowanej książki są zatem ci Czytelnicy, którym omawiane kwestie są bliskie i stanowią przedmiot ich zainteresowań naukowych bądź zawodowych. Książka skierowana jest również do wszystkich tych, którzy pragną poszerzać swoją wiedzę na temat zmian zachodzących w Unii Europejskiej w odniesieniu do problematyki bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego.
The events that broke out twenty years ago in Romania were a crucial breakthrough in a contemporary history of a modern Romanian state. Romania had to institute the democracy and free market economy, as the Western countries. The key point was the so-called coup d’état or Revolution of December 1989. The presented volume entitled Two Decades of Changes: Romania 1989–2009, edited by Karina Paulina Marczuk, comprehensively analyzes the most important changes occurred in Romania since the Revolution of December 1989. The book was being written by a group of experts from various countries, either academics or professionals, directly involved in the Romanian political, economic, military and social affairs. The aim of the authors was to present a comprehensive, coherent and objective outlook of Romania’s post-communist transformation. The volume objectively addresses several sensitive issues, such as the country’s political, social and economic transformation since 1989. Therefore, the book is a unique and valuable volume, thoroughly depicting the modern Romanian state.
Nowadays most states draw attention not only to the security of their territory, the preservation of their territorial integrity and sovereignty, but also – and, perhaps, particularly – to the security of their citizens. Meeting the basic needs of people, ensuring the working of public transport as well as other means of communication, electronic communication, ensuring uninterrupted supplies of energy – these are only the most significant examples of the vital functions that states and societies must fulfil in order to function harmoniously, especially in the case of emergencies such as natural disasters or accidents caused by human activity. The recognition of this domain of security as a priority for states and societies is particularly evident in the states of the region of Northern Europe and within the European Union (EU). For these states and for the EU the protection of people, property and environment is a crucial matter. It can therefore be concluded that functional security is one of the main priorities for the states of the region of Northern Europe and is also becoming a key task for the EU.
The understanding of internal security in the post-Cold War period considerably differs from the perception of the concept prevailing in the previous era. The qualitative change in the meaning of internal security has been caused by many factors of both intra-state as well as – paradoxically – international character. However, internal security is understood in different ways in various states because of their history and traditions, political and legal systems, current policies in internal affairs etc., and also due to their membership in international organizations. In particular, the European Union (EU) member states had to adopt an approach to internal security which has been evolving during the last two decades because of the impact of solutions implemented by the EU in the field of internal security. Another very important factor is the boom of alternative concepts of security after the end of the Cold War which are moving away from the traditional, state-security paradigm towards new subjects of security – e.g. the ecosystem (environmental security), social groups (societal security) and, finally, the individual human being (human security). It is the concept of human security that has become well-established, firstly in the policies of the United Nations (UN), and more recently within the European Union, as well.
The topic of this volume is the understanding of internal security in states that are members of the European Union. A particular interest of the analysis has been the question to what extent the concept of human security has influenced the current perception of internal security. There are two main concepts of human security, which are widely known as the Japanese school (“freedom from want”), a broad approach, focused on meeting basic human needs, and the narrower approach of the so-called Canadian school, postulating “freedom from fear”, i.e. protection of rights and civil liberties as well as personal safety. In this volume the impact of both these concepts of human security on the meaning of internal security is explored.
The book provides a concise analysis of the French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Turkish constabulary forces. The issue of maintaining public security and public order within states and during interventions abroad by police forces with military status is discussed, as well. The paper discusses the activity of these formations at the present time seen as a result of their genesis, history, tradition, evolution of competences and tasks.
The book provides a concise analysis of the French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Turkish constabulary forces. The issue of maintaining public security and public order within states and during interventions abroad by police forces with military status is discussed, as well. The paper discusses the activity of these formations at the present time seen as a result of their genesis, history, tradition, evolution of competences and tasks.
Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne, będące jednym z wymiarów bezpieczeństwa, jest obszarem eksplorowanym za pomocą różnych metod. Tematem artykułu jest zagadnienie wykorzystania analizy czynnikowej w badaniach bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego, przy czym rozpatrywano znaczenie uwarunkowań geograficznych dla poziomu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego na danym obszarze. Na potrzeby prowadzonych badań założono, że uwarunkowania geograficzne mają wpływ na poziom bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w państwie. Główne pytanie, na które starano się znaleźć odpowiedź, dotyczy tego, jakie subczynniki czy też kryteria powinny być brane pod uwagę w procesie badania bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego – z punktu widzenia uwarunkowań geograficznych. Tekst kończy zestawienie wysnutych wniosków.
The article concerns the development of Australia’s migration policy from the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 to modern times. The first part of the article analyses the problem from the beginning of Australia to World War II, and the second part concerns the period from 1948 up to modern times. Comprehensive conclusions derived from the study are included in the summary at the end of the second part. The first part focuses on the genesis and the key events that determined the Australian authorities’ approach to the issue of immigration in the subsequent years of this country’s existence. In order to show the wide background of this process, the author briefly discusses the events that had taken place before the federation was established. It can be hypothesised that Australia was initially built on the foundation of colonists and then (purposeful) immigrants, from which it drew strength and resources for its development. Tracking the history of migration to Australia is helpful in verifying this assumption.
The article concerns the development of Australia’s migration policy from the moment of establishing the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 to modern times. The first part of the article analyses the problem from the beginnings of Australia to World War II, and the second part concerns the period from 1948 up to modern times. Comprehensive conclusions derived from the study are included in the summary at the end of the second part. The first part focuses on the genesis and the key events that determined the Australian authorities’ approach to the issue of immigration in the subsequent years of this country’s existence. In order to show the wide background of this process, the author briefly discusses the events that had taken place before the federation was established. It can be hypothesised that Australia was initially built on the foundation of colonists and then (purposeful) immigrants, from which it drew strength and resources for its development. Tracking the history of migration to Australia is helpful in verifying this assumption.
The topic of the paper concerns partnerships of local communities of Poland and Germany in terms of the EU referring to specific examples. Briefly, a number of determinants that contributes to the intensification of bilateral cooperation has been identified. Moreover, the role of local partnerships in the EU terms was explained. Research questions that have been posed are: firstly, how the concept of the local community should be understood taking into consideration the context of relations between Poland and Germany and their EU membership? Secondly, what are the levels of international cooperation of the local partners? Thirdly, what are the key determinants affecting the intensification of cooperation between Polish and German communities at the local level? In order to answer these questions case studies of selected partnerships concluded by the Polish and German local communities were provided.
Evolution of the Carabinieri Corps in Italy
The subject of the article is the evolution of the Carabinieri Corps in a modern-day Italy, including its territorial defence function. The transformation of the then Carabinier Corps into the fourth type of Italian Armed Forces in 2000 led primarily to the internationalization of its activities expressed in active participation in operations abroad. To illustrate the panorama of Carabinieri Corps’ tasks, the origins of this formation have been explored. Finally, conclusions for decision makers in Poland, useful in the process of creating the Territorial Defence Forces, were presented.
Refugee crisis 2014–2016 – European Union and United Nations Organization approaches. Proposals of activities
The mass influx of refugees and people who are – or could be – recognized as economic immigrants (often arriving to Europe in an illegal way) has provoked a political debate among states, and also on the EU’s level as well as on the level of other international organizations such as the UN. The paper deals with the analysis of measures aimed at reducing the scale of the refugee crisis from 2014 to 2016 (or resolving it), being focused on both regional (EU) and global (UN) approaches.
Wielkie pożary w Australii wywarły wpływ na różne sfery funkcjonowania państwa. Ich skutki dało się odnotować zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do bieżącej polityki i gospodarki, rozwiązań prawnych, a także zdrowotnej kondycji społeczeństwa. Celem prezentowanej analizy jest zwięzłe przedstawienie głównych następstw pożarów z lat 2019–2020 w tych trzech obszarach.
Rozmowa w czasie panelu eksperckiego podczas konferencji pt. Dyplomacja 2.0., Ogólnopolski Tydzień Dyplomacji 2020, 28.11.2020 r. (online).