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To precisely quantify pore space and organic matter (OM) from two-dimensional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, an efficient and consistent workflow using adaptive local thresholding, Otsu thresholding and Image Calculator are... more
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    • Geology
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    • Geology
This paper evaluates how changes in economic market and policy conditions, including the establishment of a per-unit tax on unabated emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) set equal to estimates of the social cost of carbon (SCC), influence... more
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      EngineeringEnvironmental SciencePhysical sciencesENERGIES
Over 24 million plastic bags are consumed in Kenya monthly. More than half of the bags end up in the solid waste stream. Plastic bags now constitute the biggest challenge to solid waste management in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya and home... more
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      Political EcologyEnvironmental JusticeKenyaSolid Waste Management
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      Human GeographyPolitical EcologyPolitical ScienceDemocratization
The mid-Permian Opeche Shale of North Dakota consists of bedded evaporites and red-bed siliciclastics. Detailed core and petrographic study has documented sedimentary and early diagenetic features in order to develop a depositional model,... more
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      GeologyNorth DakotaSedimentary
Naturally acid saline systems with pH values between 1.7 and 4 are common on the Yilgarn Craton of southern Western Australia. A combination of physical and chemical processes here yield a previously undescribed type of modern sedimentary... more
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      Earth SciencesGeologyRemote SensingHydrology
Concretions can provide valuable records of diagenesis and fluid–sediment interactions, however, reconstruction of ancient concretion-forming conditions can be difficult. Observation of modern hematite concretion growth in a natural... more
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      Earth SciencesSaline LakePhysical sciencesConcretions
Abundant shallow saline lakes on the Archean Yilgarn Craton in southern Western Australia exhibit a rare spectrum of geochemical conditions. Here the field geochemistry over three seasons (pH, salinity, and temperature), as well as major... more
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      GeochemistrySaline LakeTemporal dynamicsApplied Geochemistry
Two distinct and newly recognized, formation-scale stratigraphic units, predominantly red-bed sandstones and shales, are found on the surface and in the shallow subsurface of the central Michigan region. Here, we use core, field, and... more
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      Saline LakeMultidisciplinarySpatial HeterogeneitySpatial Distribution
Hairy blobs" are unusual clumps of organic bodies and sulfate crystals that have been found in evaporite minerals grown in acid saline lakes. Here, we document modern hairy blobs in halite and gypsum from 5 modern acid saline lakes in... more
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      GeologyGeochemistryEnvironmental microbiologyWater
Modern acid and neutral saline lakes in Western Australia are an excellent natural laboratory for testing how pH affects halite, and for developing criteria for distinguishing past acid saline waters from past neutral saline waters in the... more
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      GeologySedimentology
Unique, shallow interdune lakes and groundwaters with extremely low pH and high salinity exist in Australia, along with nearby lakes that possess higher pH values. These acidic hypersaline environments are possibly the best modern... more
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      GeographyGeologyGeochemistryAstrobiology
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Mars surface flow acid physical sedimentology experiments channels fans gullies Physical sedimentology experiments have shown that sulfuric acid solutions may have formed some surface features seen on Mars. Recent data returned from Mars... more
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recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency that provided support for the project.
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Acid saline lake systems in Western Australia may be the best known modern terrestrial analog for the Burns formation on Mars and, thus, provide information about past environments and life on Mars.
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An important result of the Mars Exploration Rover's (MER) mission has been the images of sedimentary structures and diagenetic features in the Burns Formation at Meridiani Planum. Bedding, cross-bedding, ripple marks, mud cracks,... more
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A basic goal of historical geology courses is for students to gain an understanding of the methods, theories, and logic used in interpreting geologic histories. This is traditionally taught as a series of individual, isolated lessons in... more
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