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Kufa Journal of Arts
مكانة الروايات في فهم القرآن و تفسيرها مكانة رفيعة دون شك ولايمكن انكارها .علم التفسير و الروايات التفسيرية تؤامان مع القرآن .وترجع قدمتها الي نزول الآيات .و تعرضت الاحاديث آفات خارجية و داخلية مختلفة علي مرّ التاريخ . مع نظرة خاطفة علي قصة الحديث خاصة بعد النبي الاكرم () نجد انّ الآفات والتاثيرات كمنع النشر و رواية الحديث وحذف المصادر و الاسناد للروايات التفسيرية والنقل بالمعني و الاسرائيليات و اختلاف القراءات وفرت ظروفا صعبةلتحديد الاحاديث الصحيحة من الضعيفة و غير الصحيحة .و لهذا تكرير المنابع والمصادر الحديثية و التفسيرية تكون ضروريا . الدراسات التي اجريت في هذاالمجال اظهرت لنا جهود الباحثين و اهتمامهم لتحديد و مراقبة اضرار الروايات بدلا من التركيزعلي معايير قياس الروايات التفسيرية . يتم تنظيم هذه المقالة الرائدة بطريقة وصفية تحليلية . وتحاول ان تدرس معايير قياس الروايات في مجال التفسير القرآن بدقةكاملة.و نتيجة هذه الدراسة أن أهم معايير التنقيح و اكثرها كفاءة هي تقييم المحتوي و قياس محتويات الروايات مع مبادئ العقلي والنقلي(عرض الحديث علي القرآن و السنة القطعية ) و تجميع الاقتباس...
2012
ABSTRAK Sebagaimana telah diketahui bersama bahwa pembelajaran bahasa memiliki empat kemahiran berbahasa dan diantaranya adalah kemahiran qiro'ah. Qiro'ah merupakan kemahiran pemikiran yang tujuan utamanya adalah mahasiswa dapat membaca dengan mudah dan diikuti dengan pemerolehan pengetahuan, dapat menikmati apa yang dibaca dan mahasiswa terbiasa mengucapkan dengan benar kemudian mereka memiliki kemampuan mengkritik serta mampu membedakan yang benar dan yang salah. Untuk mengetahui pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap teks yang dibaca. Dosen melakukan proses evaluasi. Diantara alat evaluasi yang digunakan untuk kemahiran qiro'ah adalah dengan tes objektif. Tes objektif bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan software, salah satunya adalah program claroline. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan tes objektif bahasa Arab untuk kemahiran qiro'ah dengan menggunakan program claroline. Adapun tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mendeskripsikan langkah-langk...
پژوهشهای دستوری و بلاغی , 2019
در ادبیات کودک و نوجوان بهویژه در سالهای اخیر، موضوعات مذهبی حضور پررنگ و چشمگیری داشته و شاعران و نویسندگان، اقبال زیادی به نگارش داستان و سرودن شعر با مضامین دینی نشان دادهاند. ادبیات کودک و نوجوان مخصوصا به زبان شعر که جنبه تأثیرگذاریاش به دلیل آهنگ و قافیه آن و نیز کوتاه بودنش نسبت به داستان، متجلیتر است، رسانهای جذاب و کم هزینه برای فرهنگ هر جامعه میباشد. در این راستا، محتوا و مفهوم اشعاری که برای کودکان بهکار برده میشوند، بسیار مهم هستند. توجه به محتوا و آنچه اشعار به کودکان و نوجوانان انتقال میدهند، برای هر شخص بزرگسال در مقام پدر، مادر، آموزگار، مربی و... امری مهم و با اهمیت تلقی میشود و میتواند در تعلیم و تربیت کودکان نقش بسزایی داشته باشد. به همین منظور، کتابهای شعر کودکان و نوجوانان بین سالهای 1390 الی 1393 مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفتهاست. هدف آن است که میزان استفاده شاعران از انواع موضوعات و مفاهیم دینی مشخص و همچنین کیفیت محتوای اشعار نیز بررسی شود. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که در برخی از موضوعات دینی، اشعار کمی توسط شاعران سروده شدهاست و همچنین بر...
Alzahra University, 2021
The present study, using the "descriptive-analytical" method, aims at identifying the methods of communicating the sense of proverbs through linguistic comparisons in order to provide more practical methods in translation of proverbs. Utilizing the Arabic and Persian translations of two Shakespeare’s plays "Hamlet" and "The Taming of the Shrew", the authors of this study seek to know how and in what ways and to what extent, the translators have been able to communicate the sense of English proverbs and when and in what ways they have employed literal, free or other types of translation. The study of Shakespeare's use of proverbs showed that this author used many proverbial similes to illustrate the characters in the play and to have a greater influence on the audience. In case of anti-proverbs, it was found that Shakespeare's conversion of a proverb into an anti-proverb presents a major challenge to translators. Translation of anti-proverb, however, is far more challenging than the proverbial one because of the addition of the humorous dimension to the proverbial features. Regarding the methods and techniques and viewing the translation of the proverbs in a formalist way, it can be seen that translators have chosen one of the three techniques to meet the challenges of translation, including omission, footnote, and cultural (proverbial) equivalence. About omission, only 6 of the 140 proverbs found in the surveyed data were abandoned untranslated by some translators. This inaccuracy, which may have been intentional or inadvertent, was found in the works only 4 of the 12 translations. Next, footnotes are the methods that some translators have used to explain proverbs and the cultural traits in them. Totally, the number of footnotes in Arabic translations exceeds the Persian ones. Most footnotes have deciphered the mystery in the proverbs. As a result, these proverbs have become more explicit than the proverbial ones. On cultural (proverbial) equivalence, it should be noted that this expression refers to a method whereby one proverb from the culture of the target language is found to be used as a proverbial equivalence for the source language. Of all the translations, there are only three cases that have used this technique. Furthermore, translators' approaches to proverbs were found to be divided into four categories: literal translation, defamiliarization, lexical enhancement, and Arabicism. The dominant approach in Arabic and Persian translations of the proverbs in these two works is the literalist approach and the translation unit is the word. In translating the literary devices (similes, metaphors, and kenning or metonymy) in the proverbs, translators have replaced the literal word from the target language with the word from the source language rather than trying to replace the structure or concept from the target language with that of the source language. Although there have been cases where translators have replaced structure or concept, the number is far below the literal replacement. In defamiliarization approach, the translators have relied on the appeal of the audience rather than emphasizing expressiveness of the concept and have considered the audience's knowledge of rhetoric as a must. It is as if in an unwritten contract, an agreement was reached between the translator and the reader in which the translator merely puts the word's identity in the footnote and transfers them to the target language with the same clothing they were wearing in the source language. It is up to the reader to take on the hassle of communicating with them and removing the feeling of strangeness from their faces. About elongation, although in the Arabic language most of the semantic burden rests on the vocabulary (and a word can be a translation of several English words), there is also a great deal of lexical increase in Arabic translations. What is important in this approach is that female translators have used more words in their translations in comparison to the male ones in both languages (viz. Arabic and Persian). On Arabicism (writing Arabic), it can be said that through viewing one of the Persian proverb dictionaries, it is easy to see that, with the exception of Qur'anic and hadith proverbs, the number of Arabic words used in proverbs is very low. But in the present study, the approach of the Persian translators' [except (Adib, 2006)] to translating English proverbs is in contrast to the approach of the makers of Persian proverbs. These translators have used many Arabic vocabularies and its features, such as the nunation (tanwin), and consequently a greater lexical diversity is found in Persian translations. In conclusion, the comparison of the methods and approaches used in translations of English proverbs by Arabic translators with those of Persian ones showed that first of all due to their cultural affinity, Arabic and Farsi have a relatively similar proverbial competency in translation. Second, in translating proverbs, translators have inevitably an author-oriented translation to preserve the consistency of text and more adequately mirror the Shakespeare's ideas and expression. Third, they have translated the proverbs with the least cultural change, which has resulted in the domination of the culture of the superior (source) language over the inferior (target) language, that is the superior language imposes its features to the inferior language. However, in some cases the literary richness of the target language has also increased through the creation of new images. Next, in translating the proverbs, the translators were more committed to the text than to the spirit of the work. This, in some cases, led to the removal of the spirit of humor from the literal body and an adverse impact on the dynamics of the text. In fact, most translators have translated the external language and have regarded the inner language (humor) of the text untranslatable. Finally, the conceptual flaw in the translations is mostly related to the cases where the author has used one or two words of the proverb as the whole one or made changes to the proverb. Therefore, the translator makes no sense due to the lack of knowledge about the whole proverb and inevitably either erase it, or translate it literally. This transfers the ambiguity into the target language. Therefore, in translating the proverbs, dictionary information is not enough and the translator needs encyclopedic knowledge to know the whole proverb.
Ringkasan Fiqih Mazhab Syafi'ie, 2022
Diperbolehkan bahkan dianjurkan memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini dalam bentuk apapun dengan atau tanpa izin penerbit selama bukan untuk tujuan komersil. Mohon koreksi jika ditemukan kesalahan dalam karya kami.
تحقیقات کلامی, 2020
تقسیم توحید از دیدگاه سلفیه با تقسیم دیگر فرق اسلامی متفاوت است. طبق نظر سلفیه «توحید در اسماء و صفات»، «توحید در ربوبیت» و «توحید در الوهیت یا عبادت» اقسام توحید هستند. از آنجا که هیچ آیه یا روایتی از پیامبر صلی الله علیه و آله و سلم یا نقلی از صحابه در تأیید این تقسیم وجود ندارد، این جریان تنها از استقراء آیات قرآن و استشهاد به کلمات عدهای از دانشمندان قرون اولیۀ اسلامی استفاده کرده است. آنان معتقدند هر آیهای که در قرآن از توحید سخن گفته است، به یکی از این سه قسم اشاره میکند؛ در حالی که این استقراء دارای اشکال است، زیرا آیات دیگری از قرآن وجود دارد که قسم دیگری مانند «توحید در حاکمیت» یا «توحید در شفاعت» را ثابت میکند؛ علاوه بر این، تقسیمهای دیگری از توحید با استناد به آیات دیگر قرآن توسط دانشمندان مسلمان، حتی توسط برخی از سلفیه ارائه شده است که استقراء آنان را نقض میکند. دلیل دوم شواهدی است که از آثار سلف ارائه شده است. این شواهد یا متعلق به دوران سلف نیستند و بر مبنای سلفیه فاقد حجیتند، یا مبتلا به تحریف لفظی شدهاند و یا استشهاد به مواضعی است که قوانین منطقی تقسیم در آ...
Educational and Scholastic studies, 2015
Translation Studies Quarterly, 2006
As Iranians became more interested in and attracted to understanding the philosophical and religious schools of thought after the revolution, many translations of important Western books and articles appeared on those schools. But these translations and their contents have encountered serious challenges. If those challenges are neglected we will experience a kind of misunderstanding of Western thoughts as well as some irrelevant cultural influences of those thoughts. In this paper, I will present some vulnerabilities of translation of philosophical and religious texts; and focus on the necessity of seriously considering the hermeneutic foundations of these translations so that it will be possible to have suitable interpretation of the translated ideas.
2015
Introduction: Evaluating intravascular volume is an important but complicated matter in management of critically ill patients, especially in children. Although invasive techniques have the ability to accurately estimate the intravascular volume, but they have dangerous side effects. Therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of comparing the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic diameters of inferior vena cava (IVC), aorta, internal jugular vein (IJV), and IVC/aorta ratio in identifying pediatric dehydration in children presented to the emergency department (ED). Methods: The present prospective cross-sectional study was carried out with the aim of determining the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic diameters of IVC, IJV, and aorta, in estimation of dehydration rate for children presented to the ED with mild to moderate dehydration. Their screening performance characteristics, such as area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity, were calculated and used for this...
De Gruyter eBooks, 2023
סמינר אבות ומייסדים: הרב קוק בעבר ובהווה - בין משיחיות לחילון, 2023
Valladolid, edición del autor revisada y ampliada (primera edición: 2019), 161 págs., (ISBN 978-84-09-11349-1), http://alfonsomartinjimenez.blogs.uva.es/publicaciones-en-internet/manual-compendio-de-retorica-2019/, 2020
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