Delaying Tasks: Failing To Measure The Importance Of The Work

2009

Academic procrastination is the voluntary delay of the completion of an academic task within the expected or desired time frame despite expecting to be worse off for the delay (Senécal et al. 1995; . It is a dispositional trait that can have particularly serious consequences for students who are required to meet frequent deadlines. Research claims that 80%-95% of college students engage in procrastination (Ellis and Knaus 1977) and about 50% procrastinate in a consistent and problematic fashion (Day et al. 2000), delaying essential school-related activities. Some of the major causes of academic procrastination include fear of failure, inability to complete the task, a lack of time management or study skills, stress, or feeling overwhelmed with their work. This paper discusses the reasons why academic procrastination is a problem, why students procrastinate, and techniques for managing it. Implications for teachers will also be discussed.

Frontiers in Psychology

Standard definitions of procrastination underscore the irrational nature of this habit, a critical criterion being that the procrastinating individual delays despite expecting to be worse off for the delay. However, an examination of more than 175 items in 18 procrastination scales reveals that they do not address such a forward-looking criterion. Consequently, scales run the risk of not separating maladaptive and irrational delays from other forms of delay. We propose that forward-looking considerations may not be the best way of operationalizing the irrationality involved in procrastination and argue that scales should instead focus on past negative consequences of unnecessary delay. We suggest a new scale to measure such procrastination-related negative consequences and demonstrate that this scale, used separately or combined with established procrastination scales, performs better in predicting negative states and correlates to procrastination than established scales. The new sc...

Procrastination refers to a prevalent self-regulatory failure that alludes to deferring necessary actions required to successfully complete tasks on time, and instead engaging in activities that are more rewarding with short term over long term gains (Aremu, Williams, & Adesina, 2011). Procrastination is identified as one of the least understood minor human miseries and a complex psychological phenomenon that not only leads to psychological distress, but also shows significant links to lower levels of health, wealth, and well-being (Balkis & Duru, 2007; Steel & Ferrari, 2013). Approximately, 20-25% of adult men and women living around the world are indulged in chronic procrastination in various domains like academic, social relationships, professional, and finance management (Balkis & Duru, 2007; Ferrari & Díaz-Morales, 2014). Some of the identified factors closely associated with procrastination include evaluation anxiety, task aversiveness, task delay, low self-efficacy, lack of persistence, dependence, fear of failure, negative evaluation, irrational beliefs, learned helplessness, and perfectionism (Schubert & Stewart, 2000; Steel, 2007; Steel & Ferrari, 2013). Procrastination tendencies also give rise to poor self-esteem, poor self-confidence, anxiety, public and private self-consciousness, and concerns over public image (Ferrari, 2001). The prevalence, predictors, causes, treatments, and implications of procrastination behavioral patterns in general, academic, and work settings are reviewed.

Journal of Exploratory Studies in Law and Management, 2016

One of the problems that human beings and students and university students are faced with is procrastination in doing tasks and duties. It is centuries that procrastination meaning postponing the task of today to tomorrow is problematic. More attention is been paid to this phenomenon and its emergence and treatment in recent years. In psychology perspective, procrastination is postponing a task which we have decided to do it. This undesirable and faulty behavior is changed to become a personal characteristic of the person. The common form of procrastination of learners is at the beginning of the task, so they have to work very hard to do finish it on time. Since procrastination is very widespread among students and university students, it is effective on their different educational aspects, health and future occupation. Therefore, procrastination in students and university students is been studied in this study.

Individual Differences Research, 2006

Participants (N = 120), in random order, wrote a paragraph describing a task they engaged in but did not delay in completing and then one task that they delayed, under past, present, or future deadlines. Perceptions of the task were assessed along 18 statements evaluating motives and task concerns. Results revealed a main effect for the delayed condition, as well as a time by delay interaction. Subsequent regression analyses revealed that rates of procrastination predicted differences in perceptions for only delayed tasks in the past and present time frames. Procrastinators were more likely to perceive delayed-past tasks as requiring greater effort and less clarity for task completion, and, more likely to think that had they completed the task, it would have had a positive impact on them personally. Higher levels of procrastination also predicted lowerperceived enjoyment for delayed-present tasks. Implications are discussed for how person's with different procrastination tendencies perceive their task deadlines differently.

Academia Nano: Science, Materials, Technology, 2024

Boundaries between structural twins of bilayer graphene (so-called AB/BA domain walls) are often discussed in terms of the formation of topologically protected valley-polarised chiral states. Here, we show that, depending on the width of the AB/BA boundary, the latter can also support non-chiral one-dimensional (1D) states that are confined to the domain wall at low energies and take the form of quasi-bound states at higher energies, where the 1D bands cross into the two-dimensional spectral continuum. We present the results of modeling of electronic properties of AB/BA domain walls with and without magnetic field as a function of their width and interlayer bias.