Universals in the Process of Curriculum Development in ELT

Journal Of Academia In English Educations, 2022

Curriculum Development in English for Academic Purposes, 2020

This study was designed to compile the studies conducted on curriculum development and evaluation in ESL/EFL contexts and to specify their general characteristics through content analysis. The studies were chosen in line with the inclusion criteria through which online articles and dissertations were included. No specific timeline, context or research design was set for the literature search. As a result of the review of the related literature, 86 studies were reached and analyzed in terms of their contexts, sample type and size, data collection tools, data analysis techniques. All the studies were coded through a protocol and the results were tabulated. As well as the characteristics of the studies, their findings were also analyzed through content analysis and common points were presented and interpreted. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the curriculum evaluation studies were more popular than the curriculum development studies. It was also found that the studies were mainly about primary and secondary levels; they mostly employed Likert-type scales; semi-structured interviews were more common; descriptive statistics were applied more frequently. Finally, common findings were detected among the studies conducted in different contexts with different grades of study. By taking the findings as the basis, some suggestions are provided for further studies.

2023

This study is an extracted paper from a PhD dissertation that relates to curriculum which is considered as one of the major components of a successful program specifically in the field of English language teaching. Concerning teaching the most important information for learners in their arena. Curriculum as a whole procedure consists of development stage of programs and how it should be designed. It works as a prepared plan based on standards that guides the class instructions and how it should be assessed. Furthermore, Curriculum development is a systematic process that tries to organize and answer the questions of what, who and how something will be taught for learners and curriculum organization relates to arrangements and patterns of the components of curriculum which are organized into topics, lessons, units, subjects and courses for the purpose of helping learners to understand the materials more and achieve the academic goals. This quantitative research design paper provides the most necessary and significant information about the models and principles of curriculum and curriculum development in the scope of ELT in KRG. The universities of Sulaimani, Salahaddin, and Duhok is taken into consideration as samples of the study. For this purpose, the data has been collected from 33 university teachers at universities of Sulaimani, Salahaddin, and Duhok. The questionnaire has reliability of 0.83 Cronbach Alpha.

Teaching and teacher education, 2010

—This work aims at exploring the social and educational forces that impact any curriculum. It also provides an overview about how culture, ethnicity, linguistics, politics, economy, and history have impacted the curriculum in Ecuador in the past and today. The educational forces that intervene in the development of the curriculum in Ecuador are also discussed. Likewise, detailed information about the needs of the curriculum and the people who intervene in the curriculum development in Ecuador as well as in other contexts is also addressed. Finally, the set of steps to follow within the curriculum development process are explained. Index Terms—social forces that impact curriculum, educational forces, needs of the curriculum, curriculum developers, curriculum development process, Ecuador, Ecuadorian curriculum

Research paper, 2013

Introduction The need for the development of a curriculum to guide the activities of a school or any academic endeavour for efficient attainment of its goals and objectives cannot be overemphasized. Education essentially involves the teaching and learning experiences, and to ensure a fruitful and rewarding experience which implies a good education, the curriculum must be adequately formulated or structured to meet or reflect the needs of the society and of the individual learner. It is on the basis of the above observation that this paper will attempt an examination of the roles which a curriculum plays in a teaching and learning condition. That is, such questions as how does the curriculum enable the teacher to do his job with relative proficiency? What importance does the curriculum hold for the learner in his effort at acquiring knowledge and improving himself? And what does the educational system generally stand to gain with the development of a curriculum?, will form the major concern of this paper. However, to achieve the goal of this paper, an explanation of the concept of curriculum becomes of utmost necessity. Hence, the paper begins with the clarification of the concept of curriculum and proceeds to the analysis of the various roles of the concept in teaching and learning. The point will be made that, a deviation from the curriculum will be detrimental to the educational system, the learner and the teacher. And only by developing a curriculum which is positive oriented focusing on the learner's abilities and interest, can a proper education be attained through an enhanced teaching and learning.

6.2 NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, 535, 2024

Increasing attention by international human rights bodies and institutions of abuses in the sports field. Biased use of European human rights law by the Court of Arbitration for Sports (CAS)