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INTRODUCCION A LA CRITICA DE LA RAZON PURA (Mohr_Willaschek)

La Crítica de la razón pura es la obra filosófica más importante en lengua alemana. En ella confluyen corrientes filosóficas de desarrollo que se remontan a la Antigüedad; es el punto de partida y de referencia del Idealismo Alemán de Fichte, Schelling y Hegel, y ha influido profundamente en el ulterior desarrollo de la filosofía hasta el presente. Su pensamiento central concierne a la relación de conocimiento y objeto, que la llamada "revolución copernicana" determina de manera fundamentalmente nueva: las condiciones del conocimiento de un objeto son a la vez las condiciones del objeto del conocimiento.

! #&# /01 " #$$% 2 & '()*& + , 0 7 3 8 3 3 9 5 3 7 01 0 ? 7 8 B 2A 0 3 3 5 5 2 3 7 " & ( 3" 3 2 0 @0 ? 3 7 3" " 3 3 0 3" & > 2 2 &4 - 2 7 : 1 " 0 & 0 3" < 2 2 - 5 &8 " " ? 3 ; 3 0 & 6 3 3 5 & > 2 3 & &< 2 0 3 7 " 3" 2 &, &6 2 3 8 3 = &4 + &6 : 3 01 " - . 3 4 . & 3 3" & 6 0 E 0 8%F' !%)): 2A 0 A B G' B HG$ & < 2A 8 B & , " #G 7 / 5 ! &< 0 1 " 0 0 &< 8 BK 2 - @ 5 " 3 7 I : 0 , 4 6? CD A " 3 3 J 2 0 0 2 0 # A 0 0 " 7 7 3 3 0A & 3 3" 3 3" &6 &< 0 5 2 & 87 " 0 0 3 0 &= 0 0 & L " 2 0 &4 : 3" . - " " 0 ## 0 " = ? #$)* - - % &= 0A 3 " " 2 - 7 5 3" 3 3 3 3 &8 ? 0 2 : 7 &4 7 & 3 2 3 3 7 7 - 0 > " 5 &4 2 ( - 3" - 3" 0 " 0 3" - 2 3 7 5 3 2 1 5 0 & 3" " 5 &4 1 0 3" 2 3" 2" $6 " 7 7 7 0 ? " 3 3" ( , 0 ? 8#G !G* & 7 " " 3" 3 " &= 0 3" " ( % 5 0A # 3 0A 2 7 2 3 ?2 7 6 " " ? #M%# B G*$ & 4 &, 0 ( " 3 7 7 5 0 A 3" - 0 & N 2 0 3 7 " 3" &4 - ? 0 3 0 3" A & 3 3" - 5 0 0 3 3" 3 A 3" 0 3 3 " 3 3" G #&G = " #&G&# 6 0 6 0 ( " 7 7 2 0 < @ 2 - 3 &6 2 " ? 01 ? 0 &6 &N 7 7 0 0 ( 0 " ? & 8 8 O A > 3 4 0 2A 8 %'G !%%F P 8%'* !%%H & 6 0 1 &= 0 7 & 3 3" " 3 2 8 : I 3 0 0 ? 0 0 3 0 4 0 7 &8 ( 7 3 0 P 01 0 " 0A 3 " : G " 0 7 & 0A 3 ( 3 " 3" 0 2 8 3" - ( 5 8 2 ( " 4 3 : 5 01 9 = 3 " 0 : 2 - 5 : " 1 4 . 0 " 7 > 2 " I 7 3 0 O , 0 33 3 0 3" Q &= A 3 . " I 3 0 3 + 3" 7 5 5 N : 3" ! I 5 < " I : 3" 6 ? ! 8 ? &6 2 8 3" 3 " A: 3 2 " @ ( 7 5 I " 0 & " 4 0 -: ; 1 &6 , " 3 ? " ? " 3 , 0 0 & 8 0 7 " : 5 3 7 2 5 3 7 O A> ? 4 &8 " 01 3 P # & I @ - & L 7 3 01 0 7 " & 0 3 1 0 &= 7 0A A &8" # 2 0 3 & 4 0 0 & < " 6 2 & O 3 " 3 ? 0 " ? 7 > 2 " " 3 7 &= " &6 . 0A 3 " 0 7 & , 4 0 7 ? 7 9 9 0 3 0 0 &, 3" & #&G&G& 6 > A " 7 A ' ' ( ( R #M*F 0 )#F ? " 0 3" 3" S A 0 0A . 3 6 2 " A 7 3" 0 3 3" 5 4 0 7 B '*: 2A 1 " K H%$ & < 5 I ? " 3 8 " " : 3 A #M*H &L 0 1 0 0 " 0A K 5 = , 3 & ! " 3" 1 3 )## & < @ = N " 0 7 " 2" 3 3 & 6 0 A A & 6 )# 0 #M*' 0 A 3" #%%# $G 2 & # #'' & " 2 " 2 & 3 3" & 8 5 2A 0 ) " 2 2A 2 0 &= : G# &= 5 2 . S #MMF 3" 0 #M$% B G'M & 6 S 0 7 0 : #G) : )*% & < 6 ) " " 3" 0 0 1 0" S 7 " 2" #M*$ 0 " 7 4 2" 0 A 7 3 3 U 2A - B #)G & 6 3 3" A " #$#% VG#$G#W #)' & 87 " 5 0 , 7 - : &6 0 5 7 0 3 &4 7 " 7 " 2 E &< @ 01 7 A 0 2 B #)F & 6 0 " #M%# @ * 2A 3 BK 0 1 & 4 0 7 A 3 C 0 2 S 3 BK &O A A S 8 3 S #M%F 2A #M%) B )H' 2A 0A #* H ' & 6 ? ( ? " , M #G S A #MMF V&&&W 0 0 0 (+ 2A < && S #M%* !&R &8 M 0 0 #M%* 7 2 - 7 "2 5 ? #M%M B H%$ 7 3 3" 0 7 B HH# & 6 3 " #&)&* 0 1 3 0 " 5 . 0 I 2 6 : ! 0" ? 3 2A 2 3 ? - A7 0 #M%#& < @ #%$' #%# &&< @ 3 ? #M%) B ))% & 4 0 2 P & > 0 5 4 1 = 8 0 7 7 #$#% VG#$G)W ? ? 6 3 1 . 7 A 7 3 " " ? 3" " &= A . M 1 #MM# B 2A O 3 ? )$*H BK & G# 3 0 #MMG 7 3 0 A 0 " 7 T " 2 2 0 0 " ( 7 7 0" 3" 7 @ &= ? 0 0 " 7 " - " 5 3" 3" 0 7 5 > 2 3 7 2 7 A K G*F & , & 6 #MMF Q " 3" 3 7 &O &6 7 2 G) 0 #M%M& , & &< 9G' 1 #M%M& 53 3 &> 0 0 0 - 3 #&G&) 6 " , 0 " 7 0 ? 7 3 ? 3" 3" &6 3 ? 0 2 7 3 > 3" ? 3 A 5 A 0 0 &8 1 & 8 ? &4 &X 0 " 7 0 2 0 " ? 0 7 1 0 2 - 0 3" &8" A 7 " " " ? & O - " 3 3 3 - 7 3 3 - 7 6 - 1 - 2 7 ," 7 - 1 3 1 &4 3 &6 @ 5 - 0A & 0 " 7 &4 " ," ," % - &< - % % &6 " 0 % H 0 3 " &8 " ? 0 6 ? 2A &< 8M'# !MM$ 1 " 7 6 0 - " 1 - 0 " ? 3 0 7 ? &6 (3 3 0 5 @ - &8 - & ? 1 - 53 & &= 3 05 " ? 0 & 0 - 7 A 35 0 0 ? ( &= 2 & = A - ? 7 3" 2 7 " 0 ? - 3 ? , < " - 3 " #&)& 6? #M$F - @ 3 ? " 2 K #*M & & A 4 0 1 A C, 2 1 @ 0 A & L 1 2 E ! #$ & 2 2 5 &6 - 7 2 1 /0 ! #$ & , 3 A 0 1 3 &8 ? " " 4 0 - 7 & & 4 0 C, 0 5 7 0 - &= ? 0 0 3" 5 1 7 A & & 4 0 1 & L 7 1 &8 0 A &6 7 " 0 2 2 - 01 7 3 Y G#Z K )FH & 6 & = % " 3 0 ( : 2 3 2 A 2A 0 1 ? ? 7 " " 3 0A % 1 0 " 0 1 0 3" 5 7 " &6 5 E = 0 & A - 2 & ? &+ 5 & @ 3 3" 7 " 0 5 0 . 2 & KA @ 3 " ? 0 3 2 3" 7 #&)&G 4 A&L 1 0 : ? ? - " " ? 3 5 5 A " ? 5 @ 5 2 0 A 3 & 7 1 &4 &= " 1 &L 1 2 7 0 8 M ( #F ! #F ( #H& & 1 & &8 0 + 7 3 & < @ 3" 2 0 8" 7 ? 2 0 & 1 2 + 1 5 7 1 A 3 2 - 2 @ 1 #&)&# I &6 & 6 0 3 7 ! G' & 6 3 01 ? 0 7 * ( & ( " ? 2A 8 '* ! %F && < @ ' 1 A 01 &6 0 ( " @ 0 7 6 0 0 6 ( 1 7 > & A > 2 5 0 5 57 7 2A 2 !B & < @ 7 A 2 1 2 2 " 0 & A 0 &8" & " 0A 2 - 01 7 A 7 A " &< @ 7 N & 0 & ! 5 ? 01 2 ? 2 - 7 " 4 7 7 ? 01 01 3 4 01 7 0 1 L & 0 5 0 0 ? " 0 5 ? 01 0 1 3 3 0 01 2 0 & 7 A 01 ! BK & 8 1 , A & 6 - 3 2 1 2 0 & #&)&)& ; 3" & 6 0 3" 0 3 5 1 &+ 3 7 8 #G ! G' & 6 3" 3" 3 3 " 0A 0A " 0 2 1 2 ? 0 2 0 7 7 : 2A 8 #G ! G' & 8 #) ! GM 2 2A 8 %H# ! %*$ & = 3" 3" " 8 %H' ! %M) @ 3 3" 2A & 1& 8 H%F ! 'F% & < 3 3" 8 #G ! G' C 7 A 0 0A 5 2 8 H%F ! 'F% 7 0 8 M)) ! M*# E CR 7 0A 3" 3" 3 3" 1 " 3 3" E 6 7 3 3" &X 0 7 0 ? 2 0 & 3 #&)&H 4 &= 3 7 0 4 . 01 " 3 4 0 - 0 & 0 0 3 & 4 2 3 7 0 &4 1 7 S 0 3" A ? 1 0 0 7 3 - " 3" ( 7 & 6 7 0 !)F & 0A " & > 3 & 7 " & 7 8'# !M' & < 7 @ 3 3 ( 6? 3 & 2 &4 3 1 " 5 & 2 % 7 - &+ & 0A 1 3 3 3 7 2 : @ 1 0 &= 2 3 &8 3 3 3 5 &6 35 A 1 7 0A : 3 0 1 7 1 7 P 6 3" 7 &6 1 2 " 3 0 2 3 2 = 3 2 7 2 > " " 3" 3 ( A 5 0 ? 2 3 &8 1 5 5 0A * A&6 - - 7 ? 7 0 & 0 3 2 2 "3 &= 7 3 3 1 1 0 2 5 7 3 3 0 &< @ 3 &4 " " " ( ? 0 && #&)&' 6 6 1 2" 0 BK BK BB K 1& &= 7 2 3 7 BK 6 &8 3 &&4 7 0 2 A &+ 5 2 ( ) 8 MFM !M)' ) 2 - & 2 ( 3 0 0 " ( " 0 7 &4 1 0 ( 01 ? 3 2 " 2 7 : 3 0 1 " #&)&'&G 4 2 7 &6 2 - 5 5 ? ) 0 &< 3 0 2 2 - 2 - 3 0 ( " ( " 7 S 2 01 7 & - " 2 5 ? 5 4 & 87 " 5 3" 3 &8 " &8 " ! " 7 % [ 0 7 2 0 0 7 - % 2 - 01 " ? " ? 1 & "& = " 2 0 " 7 2 ? &, ? 01 4 4 " 2 " - A 01 ? ? 7 : @ 5 0 0 & &= 0 01 0A ) 3" 0 " 01 ? &= C 1 7 " 8 " & 6 0 " ? 7 0 3 0 E 7 P " 6 0 - 5 ? 7 " 0 2 A & 7 &6 &6 0 0 1 0 1 " &4 3 6 " 1 1 3" 3 7 ( 5 " & 3 0 7 A 0 &4 5 7 1 & 4 4 A 3 5 2 " ? &8 &4 ) 0 & 4 2 3 - 7 0 & 2 0 4 4 7 01 &, & 8 : 7 ? 01 ? A A 01 &4 " 3 01 & > & 2 &X 1 7 2A 1 ) P ( &= 2 0 - 3 7 A 0A ) A > P #&)&'&# 4 & " 5 7 3 8GG !)* & X A 1 A 7 3 7 M - 2 - - 3 3 7 ? 2 0 7 * 5 "3 3 " &= ? 01 7 0 5 2 > ? ? 2 5 ? 7 * &6 2 3 1 7 01 ? 0 &, 3" " 4 " &6 0 0 - " " 0 ( " & ) " 0 ) 5 0 & & 7 3 7 1 " ? 7 &< A 0 - % 2" 7 " 5 A 2 0 7 - 2 0 3 > 7 25 0 7 " 6 A # 6 5 3 & < & ) 6 ? S " 2 " 0 9 2 3 " 7 G 3 7 2 & 3 0 &6 @ 3 5 0 ) " 5 3 &6 3 @ H 7 2 3 2 0 3" 7 " 7 ? 3 3 7 P 2 ( " 0 5 0 0 " 01 0 3 @ " " 7 5 0 & @ 0 &= 2 3 &< & A 7 0 3 3 3 7 0 > 0 &8 3 3 2 > ? : > &< ? 7 @ 0" @ 7 2 % 0 0 & & &8 0 & 0 5 ? 3 > 0 5 > 4 & 5 & &6 53 7 ? &< & &4 " 6 0 25 7 3" 7 2 0 7 " " 6 A &, &, 3" 7 & 3 & G < @ 0 & H 6 " 3 3 2 &4 3 3 5 2 & 0 ? = 0 &< & " ) 3 2 > W ? 3" " A - 7 &= &4 - V ? - " 3 1 2 - 5 3 ? 0 @ ( &6 ( # A 7 & #&)&'&) 8 8 " 5 0 " 7 ? 3 " 4 0 0 ) 5 &= 5 0 7 ! & 2 2 - 0 7 0 5 0 : 1 " 7 &6 4 2 4 3 0 & , 4 0 @ &6 0 3 0 @ 5 & 4* ! #*' & 6 &6 &! 1 0 0 01 " A 2 - % #&)&'&H 8 < ) 3 0 " &6 8 - 3 & = % 0 0 0 @ ) 2 2 3 0 5 ( 2 A 5 3 3" & 6 &> 3 ? 7 0 - & 0 2 & 3 7 2A ? &< 0 & 3 3 8 0 & 6 7 " " 3 1& &> 3" - 5 1 7 A 2 ? - &8 5 0 @ &= P 3 0 ? @ 7 7 3 @ &= ? > 0 7 " &8" - @ - 5 0 5 (& X 2A K #GG & & 8 " S 45 - & 87 " 7 1 &< 5 7 ? 6 3 0 3 0 & = P 0 V\W 0 3 @ 35 0 & 3" 5 8 7 0 7 1 A 7 3 3 3" 3 ? & = 3 P> - 9 2 7 - 2 2 0 & ( 0 < 5 2 ( 8%'* !%%H & 5 3 3" " 7 7 7 0 0 #&)&* K > S A K G*) 7 3 C, 0 1 #M%M 1 0 2 0 = ? 2 : : 0 0A & A 7 " 0 &6 & &4 2 0 - 2 : &+ 5 3 " 3 ! 1 " & 8 4 > 0 & 4 ' 7 ? , 3 0A ) & 6 4* 1 " 5 2 2 7 @ " 3 3 0 3 &4 2 2 2 &4 2 - E 4 4 4 3 & = 7 3 5 0 0 3 3 2 5 ? 3 3 5 0A " & 6 ) & 0 3 7 0A 3 &6 0 3 ( 3 3" 0 , 7 S &6 ? ( 5 0 7 7 #M%'& #M$F #M$H #M$$ 7 6 2 & #&H > 3 #&H&#& 4 8 3 7 8 7 3" 0 #M%% ( " & & 0" 2 #M$F ( 3 ? @ - 7 2 5 5 0 $ 0 0 5 & 7 " & 4 8 0 2 2 " 0 0 8 ')G & 4 0 0 @ 0 - A 7 A 4 - - ? 8 3 ? 5 7 7 5 7 YY %* 7 & " 7 2 " 3 * % 3" 0 01 01 2 + 3 & 3 0 &8 5 &R ; : &+ &= 0 0A 3 7 3 " 01 01 A 0 0 " 2" 3 3 & 7 ; < ? & ? 2 > #$MF 0 " #$') & O " &< > ? + 01 " A 2" #&H&) . 3 , #MHF ( #%G# " ; 7 2 :; 01 7 2 2 #M%) 3 8 6 #MHG ( #M$% ( 4 3 2 & #F 0 % : 0 0 #M%F A Q 7 0 0 3 5 &4 0 3 3 & L 1 2 3 6 ( #$ #M%G& 6 ! &, A 0A #MG$ ( #M%* 7 2 0 1 #M%) B )F% & < 0 22 - 7 3 3" 2 - I ( 2 " & 0 ? &6 0 0A 0 3 & @0 S ? : 0A 0A 01 & < 01 &D & 8 Q < 0 2 3 #M%H * - * 2 ) 5 ? 5 I G & 3 #%G) 01 " 5 7 @ " A - 0 #M%$ @ I & " A? - - " 3 01 &= - 8 7 3 1 0 7 3 " 3 S 01 7 7 . 2 7 3 D 01 7 0 #MH) (#%#$ 0 " " A& 4 " ": 3 3 3 A & 2 I " 1 3 = 3 . 0 ? " 2A ( & 0 " 3 0 #$*$ O 0A 0 3 7 " 3 7 1 - 4 2 &+ > &4 01 & & 0 ? A R 8" " 0 0 &6 3 & 0 3 & ) 01 - #&H&G 8 0 % 2 0 > 0A 0" 0" 3 0 3 & 3" @ &L & 8 3 &, &6 & ! '*F 0" 0 ( 1 #M%*& / % < 7 - #M)$ ( #%F' 7 G & & #M$# & 6 & #M$G & L 0 4 O #M'M ( ? 3 < #F #M%* * % * , , 6 < #M$M ( #%FH , J 33 8 60 > #M%% < " " #M)%( #%F$ 2 7 5 #M%H * < 3 0 ( #%H) " A &, " " #M%F . I ( " B B& - % ( #M') ( #%FF 1 A < - #M*# ( #%)) O 06 #M$G 3 #M%$ 5 & I 5 4 3 #%*' 3 0 = " = N , #%FM 2 #M%% ( #%*F 7 S A " 3" 3 . 3 0 0 A &/ 3" ]K 2 " 3 3" ? ," #%)% 2A 3 3 3" " 4 0 #%HF ( #$#G 0 ; ^ & 6 0 3 < . 3 0 #%M# 4 6 , 3 2 0 0 3" #$G# #$)* 3 2 " 5 &I 0 " " : . O #$GF , " 4 0A " #%*) ( #$)*: 3 , & 3 3" #$G) " & 2 2 3 3 #$#): 1 #$GM: 2 " 3 3" " " 1 & = " 3 " 0 #%H% ( #$#' #%$* #$FG & > A " - 3 7 2A , 3 " &4 " #%MH ( #$H' & , " 3 & . 0 2 3" 3" ? 5 * 7 #$M*: 6 3 3" 0 3 : 3" & 6 ? 0 3 , #%'H ( #$GH 7 3" < 5 " < 8 ? 3" 3" 2 : #M$) ; #M$H : 5 3 7 3 2 #MM' ( #%'H #$FG 3 7 @ ; 4 0 2 #%HG ( #$#% 3 3" , 7 3 7 & 8 . "3 7 & O 3 0 BB 3 BB 3 3" < 3 #M*G ( #%#H < &8 #%#$ ( #%HH 5 6 0 0 < I @ #M$' & 6 7 7 7 5 . ? 2 - #%HF & 0 #MM) ; O 3" " ) < " " ; 0 4 ( #M)F ( 0 0; 5 " &; % 5 O I 0 ; 3 7 S 5 " & & = & . . #MHH (#%F) #M$$ & 4 2 2 A #MM* ( #%H# I 3" 7 ? #MMF ( #%)# &6 < 0 I 4 " . 4 7 3 3 . 3" 2 7 &8 7 0 0 ; 3 #M$F @ ; G G% & 6 2 ; 5 - 7 " . 0 3 3 : #M*# ( #%HF & 2 - " 0 % 3 7 3 ; 5 &6 < ! ) I - 2 3 0< $" 0 1 I 0 I 1 7 R #M*# ( #%#G : 0 #M$) ( #M$* : 80 #M'' ( #%G' & 2 3 3 &6 #M$F ? 3" " #$)# ;& < J 2A 0A ! O& = 3" &6 2 3 3 6 . " " 7 ? " #%'$ ( #$)#: . ? #$G$ & 4 2 0A 0 % #$'$ #$** #$MH: < #$*) #$MH: 2 3 " 2A 3 ? " < % 2 J " #%%$ ( 3 3" #$** & 6 #$)H & 4 ## A 3 ? 7 . 0A 8 ! ! , , , 6 < Q " = 0 #$%F & 3" 6 I I 6 6 6 , 0 7 2A !0 5 = #%$' _0 #$** > #$MH > #$#% 3 #$G# ? #$)* ) , #$'M M#$$H ? N #$#% 4 #$*$ + 803 4 ) K , 0 &V &3 , 0 &V &3 & G 3 ( ! #$G# & V & <% ( % @ ( $ ( #$'M M#$$H #GM()$M& ( > > B 0 3+ & 5 3 ( A ( (< #*M & 8 - W 8 - W A? ;&,&6&W ( , $ ! ( 0 G#$G) & 4& & ! #$'M M#$$H #(#G'& ( 6 < > & 6 2 GHH& = . 0 I& #$)* > 1 ( * $4 ( , ! ( 4 N JR & = . #$%F . J ! O + < + & & ( 6 O 0 #$$) #'*(#M)& D K / #$') +J > 36 V &> 2 &N 2 O O #$MF < J U /01 2 (8 % + 1 ( GH GFM(GHH& < 3 #$*) 6 < < 4 & < 3 #$MH ( ( ! > & < J = #$** 2( A 6 $4 > 5 4 V &3 0 ," O 2 / &&& W K . #%%# $G G 2 & 2 & < < ! 4 - #%$G& 4 < G)F( G2 & .& = &&& &&& &W &L #%%# 2 & G