Cosmetics

A JOHN WILEY & SONS,INC PUBLICATION, 2013

This resource makes sense of a vast group of consumer products designed to improve the health, cleanliness, and physical appearance of the human exterior. It identifies natural and synthetic ingredients and gives details on formulation of the product so that the cosmetic is safe, easy to use, and performs as described. Particular attention is paid to the technologies that have been developed to produce them, including emulsification, stick technology, powder blending, and aerosol technology. Packaging is also addressed, as it must be attractive to the consumer, be environmentally friendly, and keep the product safe as well. Regulatory information reinforces the safety aspect.

CRC Press, 2021

Cosmetics are the most widely applied products to the skin and include creams, lotions, gels and sprays. Their formulation, design and manufacturing ranges from large cosmetic houses to small private companies. This book covers the current science in the formulations of cosmetics applied to the skin. It includes basic formulation, skin science, advanced formulation, and cosmetic product development, including both descriptive and mechanistic content with an emphasis on practical aspects.

The word-cosmetics‖ actually stems from its use in Ancient Rome. They were typically produced by female slaves known as-cosmetae,‖ which is where the word-cosmetics‖ stemmed from. Cosmetics are used to enhance appearance. Makeup has been around for many centuries. The first known people who used cosmetics to enhance their beauty were the Egyptians. Makeup those days was just simple eye coloring or some material for the body. Now-a-days makeup plays an important role for both men and women. In evolutionary psychology, social competition of appearance strengthens women's desires for ideal beauty. According to-The Origin of Species‖, humans have evolved to transfer genes to future generations through sexual selection that regards the body condition of ideal beauty as excellent fertility. Additionally, since women's beauty has recently been considered a competitive advantage to create social power, a body that meets the social standards of a culture could achieve limited social resources. That's right, even men have become more beauty conscious and are concerned about their looks. Cosmetics can be produced in the organic and hypoallergenic form to meet the demands of users. Makeup is used as a beauty aid to help build up the self-esteem and confidence of an individual. The importance of cosmetics has increased as many people want to stay young and attractive. Cosmetics are readily available today in the form of creams, lipstick, perfumes, eye shadows, nail polishes, hair sprays etc. Other cosmetics like face powder give glow to the skin after applying the base cream. Then we have lipsticks, which are applied by many women of all ages. They are made from wax and cocoa butter in the desired amount. Cosmetics like creams, gels, and colognes are used on a daily basis by both women and men. Creams act as a cleanser for the face in many circumstances. More recently anti-ageing creams have been manufactured which can retain younger looking skin for many years. The best cleansing agents are cleansing cream, soap and water. Cosmetic creams serve as a skin food for hard, dry and chapped skin. It mainly lubricates, softens and removes unwanted dirt from the skin. Some popular fat creams that are used include Vaseline and Lanolin. Dry creams are used in the manufacture of soap and gelatin which is used as a base for the skin. Hair care has become one of the fastest developing markets in the beauty industry. Many young men turn to oils and gels to maintain and style their hair. Products like hair gels, oils, and lotions have been introduced in the market to help protect hair fall and dandruff. Some professions, like the show business industry, focus on the importance of the outer appearance. Many personalities and artists have utilized makeup to beat the harsh lights and the glare of camera flashes. They very well know the importance of their looks and maintain them by using a variety of cosmetics. Their appearance is their most valuable asset and they take every endeavor to appear as the fans want them to appear. Recent research has shown that makeup helps in protection from harmful rays of the sun. Many beauty products manufacturers have utilized the needs of people to protect themselves and their skin from the rays of the sun. This is a great achievement because earlier make up and sun protection could not blend together. The Importance of Cosmetics Today Cosmetics help to enhance our appearance and make us feel more confident. With more cosmetics on the market today than ever before, it becomes obvious to us that they play a great role in our everyday life.

ICERI2018 Conference Proceedings. 11th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation 12th-14th, 2018 – Seville, Spain, 2018

One of the great educational challenges at the present time is focused on teaching competences. This educational approach is enhanced if we bring science into the student's daily life. Undoubtedly, it is not a new idea that students work in the laboratory making soaps and bleaching agents, making extractions or preparing cleansing lotions. So, there are experiments in the Teaching of Sciences based on the chemistry or biology of domestic cleaning, cooking, food or natural cosmetics. Less frequently we find that students develop the role of ethnoscientists and find out how many natural products have been used on a chemical or biological basis by our elders for generations. To this effect, students from a school in Badajoz carried out research in which they identified the use of traditional cosmetics in the region of Extremadura (Spain). The main objective of this work was to get students to research tasks through a scientific protocol and to learn science through popular culture. The experiment enabled us to learn how in various localities in Extremadura 22 plant species and 7 products of animal origin were used in cosmetics recipes together with other substances such as iodised salt, lime or alcohol. Students compiled traditional recipes for the treatment of skin conditions such as adolescent acne, hair loss, dandruff, cellulite or "saddlebags", fluid retention, care and hydration of the skin and hands, treating cracked and blemished skin and combating foot odour and sweating in general, or removing calluses. The data obtained allow us to appreciate the heritage amassed through popular culture, at the same time as allowing us to develop scientific content to differentiate chemical or physical processes such as mixtures, solutions or saponification, and to acquire knowledge about different plant and animal species for use in cosmetics.

Annals of phytomedicine, 2023

Humans have utilized herbs for a number of purposes, such as food, medication and cosmetics. Cosmetic is a translation of the word "kosm tikos" in Greek, which signifies having the ability to plan and decorate. Cosmetics are a group of cosmetics and health products utilized to improve and may alter someone's appearance and additionally care for the body and face parts. In almost every civilization on earth, cosmetics have such a tradition that spans more than 7,000 years. It is clear that the beauty business has done an amazing job at influencing our minds' perceptions. India now counts among the developing nations that has the fastest-growing cosmetic industries with each passing year. The Indian cosmetics industry registered revenues of more than 350 billion rupees in 2009, despite the global economic downturn. Soaps, creams, and sunscreens are a few of the common cosmetics. Despite the fact that a sizable portion of the world's population views cosmetics as a boon, cosmetics do carry some danger and toxicity. Some of the most recent trends in cosmetics include releases based on biological stimuli, Circular Economy, and in vitro modeling for cosmetics. The category of cosmetics known as "hypoallergenic" can be characterized as those that, when compared to other cosmetic formulas, tend to cause fewer allergic reactions. FDA was affirmed by the court despite claims from the two companies that it lacked the authority to impose the regulation. Subsequently, the United States Court of Appeals ruled that cosmetic businesses may continue to use the phrase "hypoallergenic" on their labels. Those with sensitive skin and hair may have fewer severe allergic reactions thanks to the labeling process. It is clear that cosmetics play a significant part in daily life and are utilized by people of all sexes, resulting in a rise in cosmetic usage.

Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 2016

Cosmetic producers are obliged to guarantee the safety and stability of their products. The current legal regulations are based on the European Union Directive (1223/2009) of 30 November 2009. The main aim of the directive is to formulate criteria of safety of a cosmetic product and requirements that it must meet to be placed on the market. A new cosmetic product is subjected to thorough investigation prior to its introduction on the market. It should be studied not only with respect to its safety, but also with respect to its effectiveness declared by the producer. The studies are performed in vivo, by the contact or epidermal patch tests on the human skin.

2019

The word “cosmetics” actually stems from its use in Ancient Rome. They were typically produced by female slaves known as “cosmetae,” which is where the word “cosmetics” stemmed from. Cosmetics are used to enhance appearance. Makeup has been around for many centuries. The first known people who used cosmetics to enhance their beauty were the Egyptians. Makeup those days was just simple eye coloring or some material for the body. Now-a-days makeup plays an important role for both men and women. In evolutionary psychology, social competition of appearance strengthens women’s desires for ideal beauty. According to “The Origin of Species”, humans have evolved to transfer genes to future generations through sexual selection that regards the body condition of ideal beauty as excellent fertility. Additionally, since women’s beauty has recently been considered a competitive advantage to create social power, a body that meets the social standards of a culture could achieve limited social reso...

Citrus sinensis seed and peel oils were extracted by solvent extraction using n-hexane, after air drying and grinding. Soaps were formed by saponification methods. Fatty acid composition of the oil samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Physicochemical properties of the oils and soaps were determined following standard methods. Antimicrobial activities were assessed by the agar disc and hole-in plate methods. The seed and peel oil yield were 38 and 30%, respectively and the colors were golden yellow and brownish-yellow, respectively. Physicochemical properties of the oil samples determined were: refractive index (RI): 1.46 and 1.47, smoke point: 140 and 149, flash point: 150 and 160, pH: 5.2 and 4.2, acid value (AV): 23.6 and 25.1 mgKOH/g, free fatty acid (FFA): 11.86% as oleic acid and 12.61% as oleic acid, iodine value (IV): 78.83I 2 g/100 g and 120.10I 2 g/100 g, peroxide value (PV): 18.00 mgKOH/g and 5.40 mgKOH/g, saponification value (SV): 222.58 and 41.25 mgKOH/g, ester value (EV): 178.24 and 28.96 mgKOH/g for the seed and the peel oil respectively. Inhibitory antimicrobial activities were assessed for the two oils and the soap produced at concentrations of 40 mg/ml and below, against most of the gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as the two candida strains, screened as compared with streptomycin (1 mg/L) and acriflavin (6.3 mg/ml) standard controls. Seed oil demonstrated better activities than the peel oil with growth inhibitions obtained against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans at a concentration as low as 2.5 mg/ml. This study has shown that the results obtained for the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the oils provide a synergy for the oil samples as suitable raw materials for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.