জয়িতা ভট্টাচার্যের ‘হয়ে ওঠা’ _ মলয় রায়চৌধুরী.pdf
Malay RoychoudhuryRelated papers
Influences on Pregnancy-Termination Decisions in Matlab, Bangladesh
Demography, 2013
We investigate factors affecting women’s decisions to terminate pregnancies in Matlab, Bangladesh, using logistic regression on high-quality data from the Demographic Surveillance System on more than 215,000 pregnancies that occurred between 1978 and 2008. Variables associated with the desire not to have another birth soon (very young and older maternal age, a greater number of living children, the recent birth of twins or of a son, a short interval since a recent live birth) are associated with a greater likelihood of pregnancy termination, and the effects of many of these explanatory variables are stronger in more recent years. Women are less likely to terminate a pregnancy if they don’t have any living sons or recently experienced a miscarriage, a stillbirth, or the death of a child. The higher the woman’s level of education, the more likely she is to terminate a pregnancy. Between 1982 and the mid-2000s, pregnancy termination was significantly less likely in the area of Matlab w...
Dietary salt consumption in an urban slum of Dhaka city
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
Slovenská kazateľská spisba 19. storočia
Slovenská kazateľská spisba 19. storočia. Bibliografický prehľad publikujúcich autorov a ich samostatne a časopisecky vydaných kázní, 2024
The Slovak preaching writings of the 19th century. The bibliographic overview of publishing authors and their self-published and magazine-published sermons. The publication provides an overview of 19th century sermons that were published in the Slovak language. All known sermon authors have been identified. Sermons were published by Catholics and Evangelicals. The sermons were published as occasional publications, as collections of sermons, or in magazines. A significant landmark in the periodization is the year 1848. The events of the revolutionary year affected society, which was reflected in the contents of the sermons. An important event was the founding of the oldest Catholic homiletic periodical. In the first half of the century, several variants of the Slovak language alternated, after the revolution this problem was solved, the Catholics used the written language, the Evangelicals remained faithful to the biblical Czech. Preaching in the 19th century underwent a significant positive change. At the beginning of the century, it received only marginal attention in theological education. The Slovak environment felt the need for sermons in their own language. This need was solved by priests who founded homiletic magazines. They did not come out at the same time, but continuously followed each other. This tradition was born in 1848 and continues continuously to this day. Four Catholic periodicals were published: Treasures of preaching (1848 – 1869), Slovenský "Sion" (The Slovak Sion, 1869 – 1873), Kazatel (The Preacher, 1874 – 1880), Kazatelňa (The Pulpit, 1881 – 1908). Evangelicals in Lower Hungary published the magazine Slovo života (The Word of Life, 1881-1882), which was officially banned because it openly criticized Magyarization. The Catholics were more prudent, they avoided open confrontation, but when they received positive stimuli from the papal encyclicals, they used them in favour of the Slovaks. The publication of sermons in print had several meanings and significance. Occasional small or several-page prints were intended to preserve the memory and identity of the church community in which the published sermon was delivered. The preaching itself was enriched by independently published books of sermons. And the development of preaching as a professional field within church or spiritual life was only brought about by homiletic magazines. Professional periodicals were systematically published by Catholics from 1848 throughout the second half of the 19th century. Many sermons remained only in manuscripts. Homiletic writings as a whole form a significant, even extensive area of Slovak literature. Its importance lies not only in the quantity, but especially in the extent to which it was used. It captured the entire Slovak language area, which today is much smaller than in the 19th century. Sermons shaped the Slovak soul and were one of the few spiritual and cultural opportunities for education and spiritual enjoyment, because the majority of Slovaks did not have economic or other opportunities to come into contact with other, for example, secular culture.
Cultural Analytics: Visualizing Cultural Patterns in the Era of 'More Media
DOMUS, 2009
We are living through an exponential explosion in the amounts of data we are generating, capturing, analyzing, visualizing, and storing���including cultural content. On August 25, 2008, Google's software engineers announced on googleblog. blogspot. com that the index of web pages, which Google is computing several times daily, has reached 1 trillion unique URLs. 1 During the same month, YouTube. com reported that users were uploaded 13 hours of new video to the site every minute. 2 And in November 2008, the number of images ...
Melt-rock interaction as a factor controlling evolution of chromite and olivine in dunite -case study from the Kukes Massif (Mirdita ophiolite, Albania
Journal of Geosciences, 2024
The ultramafic Kukes Massif is located in the eastern part of the Mirdita ophiolite (N Albania), which is recognised as representing Supra-Subduction lithosphere. It comprises a thick (0.8-2.5 km) dunite zone containing abundant occurrences of chromite ores and is cut by orthopyroxenitic and clinopyroxenitic veins. In this paper we focus on the genesis and evolution of olivine and chromite forming dunite in the northern part of the Kukes Massif. The chemical composition of minerals in dunites is highly variabile and apparent at outcrop scale. The most significant changes are recorded by olivine, which contains over 90 Fo in the host dunite but decreases to 87.5 in proximity of clinopyroxenitic veins. The composition of spinel is also sensitive to the presence of veins: in host dunite its Cr# is over 80 (chromite type I), whereas the presence of veins causes its decrease to 68 (type II). Clinopyroxene in vein-forming clinopyroxenite has Mg# from 86 to 92 and is Al-rich (Al 2 O 3 0.8-2.6 wt. %). Orthopyroxene forms orthopyroxenites (Mg# 90-93, Al 2 O 3 0.2-1.6 wt. %), but also screens (Mg# 83-91, Al 2 O 3 0.8-2.4 wt. %) at the contact between clinopyroxenite veins and the host dunite. The thick dunitic sequence at Kukes must have been formed as a result of intensive percolation of possibly boninitic melt through parental harzburgite. Another step in the evolution of the Kukes massif was related to intrusion of the pyroxenitic veins. These melts were not equilibrated with the host dunite and led to metasomatic modification of chromite and olivine, increasing Al 2 O 3 content in former (from 6-8 up to 18 wt. %) and decreasing Fo (extremely from 92 to 87.5) in the latter. The process is evident proximal to clinopyroxenite veins, but a subtle effect is also recorded in the chemical composition of dunite contacting orthopyroxenite, leading to increase in Fe 2 O 3 content. Metasomatism modified the composition of dunites in a zone of 0.5 m around pyroxenites. Our studies indicate a multistage evolution of the SSZ peridotites and show that its deciphering requires careful mineralogical examination.
David Eltis y Stanley Engerman , Cambridge World History of Slavery III: AD 1420 - AD 1804 (2011) (traducción española).
2011
Most societies in the past have had slaves, and almost all peoples have at some time in their pasts been both slaves and owners of slaves. Recent decades have seen a significant increase in our understanding of the historical role played by slavery and wide interest across a range of academic disciplines in the evolution of the institution. Exciting and innovative research methodologies have been developed, and numerous fruitful debates generated. Further, the study of slavery has come to provide strong connections between academic research and the wider public interest at a time when such links have in general been weak. The Cambridge World History of Slavery responds to these trends by providing for the first time, in four volumes, a comprehensive global history of this widespread phenomenon from the ancient world to the present day.
Power, asymmetries and how to view the Roman world - Antiquity 2020
FERNÁNDEZ-GÖTZ, M.; Maschek, D. and Roymans, N. (2020): Power, Asymmetries and How to View the Roman World. Antiquity 94(378): 1653-1656.
জসয়তষ বતষচষেমਐয ‘েয় ওঠষ’ : ভলয় যষয়েচৗধযহ
ল কসফ ও ৠলখকেদয 'েয় ওঠষ' সনেয় নষনষ আেলষচনষ ড়ষয েমষগ েয়েছ, ৠকষন ল
ৠলখক ফষ কসফয েਮ তষঁয েয় ওঠষ ফসণਐত েয়েছ তষ েড়সছ ইংেযসজেত, ৠকননষ তষঁযষ
ইউেযষসয় ষসসতক, এফং এই 'েয় ওঠষ' ফষষয੫য ত তষঁেদযই গড়ষ । ষসসতক সনেজই
মসদ ৠলেখন তষেল তষ সফলড ংেযষভষন ( Bildungsroman )-এয ষফষজনষয
টলেযষভষন
( Kunstlerroman ) অথফষ 'স হয সনজ নষেয੫ব' সষেফ সচস ত েয়েছ । অেনয ৠলখষ
েল তষ সফলড ংেযষভষন । জসয়তষ বતষচষমਐয এই েਮয নষেয੫ব ওই স তহয় ফেগਐ েড়, মসদও
তষ ৠকফল 'েয় ওঠষ'য় হভষফ নয় । সক , এখষেন একটষ সক আেছ, তষ এই ৠম জসয়তষ
ফষঙষসল ভধসফ ফষসড়য ৠভেয়, ইউেযষসয় সযফষেয ਜ਼সতষসলত ৠভভমফতহ নন । তষঁয 'েয়
ওঠষ'য েએ এসলজষেফথ ফষেযট ষউসনেঙয 'অেযষযষ ৠলই', ভষসযয়ষ ৠফেনসডটষ ৠফষযভষেনয
'ৠলসফয়ষ', ষসসয়ষ ষই স েথয 'সদ ਜ਼ষই অপ ', অষসল ভনেযষয 'লষইব অপ গষলਐ
অষ উওেভন', ভষগਐষেযট লেযে য 'সদ সডবষইনষਐ', ভষগਐষেযট অষটউেডয 'কষট আই',
ৠজসনপষয ৠডষেনসলয 'এ নদਐ ষনਐ লষইট' ফই েলষয ত লনষ কযষ ব ল েফ । তষয কষযণ তষঁযষ
লেড়েছন ভলত ভষেজয চষসেয় ৠদয়ষ ৠই ভলেফষেধয েએ মষ নষযহয ে অ স কয এফং
একজন ভসলষ কসফ-ৠলখকেক ৠলখষয ষধহনতষ ফষ ৠফঁেচ থষকষয ষধহনতষ ৠতভনবষেফ ৠদয় নষ,
'স হয ষধহনতষ'য ৠদয় নষ, মষ একজন লেক ৠদয় ।
ষ েয, জসয়তষ বતষচষমਐেক ਜ਼থভ ৠথেকই লড়েত েয়েছ দব জষয ভতন, ফষ য়েতষ আযও
ৠফস ষেত, এফং সতসন ষ-ও চষসলেয় থষকেত ষেযন । ফই੫ ড়েল ষঠক ফঝেত ষযেফন ৠম
তষঁয লড়ষই এখনও ৠল য়সন । ষসেতয জগেত জসয়তষয ਜ਼েফ, ৡকেষয-তষ েণয
ফষধষসনেলেধয সফ ে , ফসੵগত এক কনেটভে ষন, সনেজয অ জਐগেতয অসবਜ਼ষয়, আেফগ ও
আ ল কষভনষয েએ সযসচত ফষয উে ে ।
বষযতহয় উভষেদে, সযফষেয কনষ ষন ৠকউ ষধষযণত চষন নষ, আয ਜ਼থভ ষন কনষ
েল ষড়ষ-ড়সযষও ৠমেচ ফষসড় এে ষ তষ সফসলেয় মষন । জসয়তষয সযফষেয ফষেয়য আষ
সছল ৠছেল েফ । ল নষ । জসয়তষয মখন বষই ল, তখন তষঁেদয চষসদষ যণ েলষ । সক
ৠছেল ফষয দ ন জসয়তষয আদযমে য ৠখয়ষল যষখষয ਜ਼েয়ষজন ভেন কযেলন নষ তষঁযষ ।
সযফষেয ৠম একটষ ৠ ফষ সযেযয ਜ਼েয়ষজন য়, ৠভেয়েদয সফেল কেয, তষেক
সদেত
চষন নষ বষযতহয় উভষেদেয ফয় আ হয়- জনযষ । আভষয ভেন য়, মষঁযষ ৠলখষসলসখ
কেযন নষ, তষঁেদয ভস ে এক੫ স ভ অপ কনষেন ফইেত থষেক, নষনষ খষেত ফইেত থষেক ।
জসয়তষেক ৠতষ ৠকউ ਜ਼য় ৠদনসন ৠলখষসলসখয, তফ তষঁয ভেন েয়েছ ৠম ভগেজয ৠবতেয ৠম
ৠচতনষয ধষযষ ফভষন তষেক ਜ਼কষ কযষ ਜ਼েয়ষজন । কসফতষয নহল সফল গলষয় ধেয যষখষ আয
কযেলন ।
সতসন েল বসতਐ েলন, ৡকেষেয ৠৗঁেছ ৠটয ৠেলন ৠম অমষসচত ৠযষসভওেদয ৠভষকষসফলষ কযেত
েফ তষঁেক, এই ধযেণয অসবઝতষ চযষচয সকেষযেদয য় নষ । ৠভেয়েদয ৡকেষয ৠেযষফষয
য ফষসড়েয ফষইেয একটষ সব জগত গেড় উঠেত থষেক, আয ৠমভন-ৠমভন সকেষযহ੫
ৠমৗফেনয সদেক এেগষন, তষঁয ভষ ফষেড় । ফষসড়য ফয় ভসলষযষ, সকেষযহেক ফেলন নষ ৠম
তষয ফয় েয়েছ, একসদন ৠমষসন ৠথেক যੵ ਜ਼ফষসত েত ষেয, এফং তষ ਜ਼সতভষে েফ, তষেক
ষসনটষসয নষসকন ফষঁধেত েফ । ৡকেষেয ਜ਼থভ যেੵয অসবઝতষ এফং সসযয়ডজসনত
ষযহসযক ক তষয জহফেন এক੫ জলসফবষজক । এখনকষয সকেষযহেদয, ੫সবয সফઝষন ও
ফ েদয অসবઝতষয দ ন, ফষষযটষ েকਐ ওয়ষসকফষল ফষয েমষগ য়, মষ জসয়তষয
ভেয় সছল নষ ।
ষবষসফকবষেফ ভন ও ৠদ ৠਜ਼েভয ডষক জষগষয়, ভস ডষক ৠদয় কসফতষয সদেক, ষভষসজক
সফ েফয সদেক । জসয়তষ কসফতষ ৠলখষ আয কেযন ; তষঁয কসফতষ ਜ਼কষসত য় সফসব সলটল
ভষগষসজেন । সতসন 'ষ੫ਐ কযষ' আয কেযন । সতসন ৠਜ਼েভ েড়ন । ৠਜ਼েভ ড়েল ৠমভন য়,
জসয়তষ ৠਜ਼সভকেক সফ ষ কেয সফেয় কযষয য জষনেত ষেযন ৠম ষভহ ৠকষেনষ চষকসয-ফষকসয
কেযন নষ, তষঁয সফদষয়তসনক সষ ৠনই, অথਐষৎ চষকসযয ফষজষেয সতসন অচল । যফষসড়
সগেয়, অতএফ, ংষয ষভলষফষয আসথਐক দষসয় সনেজয কষঁেধ সনেত েলষ জসয়তষেক । ফষসড়য
সফযসੵকয বষড়ষেট ৠতষলষয দষয়ও তষঁয ওয ফতਐ ষেলষ, ফ েযষেনষ ফষসড় ষযষফষয দষসয় তষঁয
ওয ফতਐ ষেলষ ।
বষগেভই ফলেত েফ, সতসন এক੫ েল সসকষয চষকসয ষন । সতসন ষন ফষ েয়
ওেঠন। তষঁযও ਜ਼থভ ষন এক੫ ৠভেয়, মষয দ ন ভষ ও ৠভেয়েক একই েએ ৠখষঁটষ ৠখেত য় ।
ਜ਼থভ সদেক স েক ৠকষেল সনেয় চষকসয কযেত ৠমেতন । েয তষেক ফষসড়েত ৠযেখ আেতন
;ফেক ফষড়সত দধ ফষয পেল ਜ਼সতসদন টয়েলেট সগেয় দধ ৠগেল ৠপেল সদেত েতষ, এফং স ੫য
জন লসকেয় ৠকঁ েদ সনেত েতষ । এইট ভেয়য ভেধ কেতষসকছ েয় উঠেলন সতসন-- কসফ,
ৠਜ਼সভকষ, হ, যষঁধসন, সসকষ, ভষ, ফউভষ, ংষেযয আসথਐক ৠভ দ , বষড়ষেটেদয সনয় ক !
ভেনয ৠবতেযয ਜ਼ফষ ৠতষ থষেভ নষ, তষ অসবઝতষয ਜ਼ষেযয েએ ৠঢউেয়য আছষড় ৠভেয
এসগেয় সনেয় মষয় যফত ংঘষেতয সদেক । জসয়তষয য আষ েলন ৠন ੫উভষেয এফং
ষ সড় আষ েলন কষনষেয, এফং জসয়তষয ৠফষয দষসয় ফষড়ল । ংষেযয চষে তষঁয
ৠলখষসলসখ ৠছেড় ৠগল, কসপষউে মষওয়ষ, কসফেদয েએ ভয় কষটষেনষ, নত ন কসফতষ ৠকভন
ৠলখষ েગ তষ সনেয় আেলষচনষ কযষ ফ েয় ৠগল । 'ষ੫ਐ কযষ' ৠথেক সতসন সনেজই ৠফসযেয়
এেলন মখন ৠচষেখয ষভেন ৠদখেলন ৠম তথষকসথত ৠনতষযষ সনেজেদয আেখয সছেয় সনেગন,
ষধষযণ ভষনেলয জন সকছ ই কযেছন নষ । জসয়তষয ঘেযয ৠদওয়ষেল ধেলষয আড়ষেল ঝ েল
যইেলন ৠচ ৠ বষযষ । মষন ও ৠਜ਼ভ েকਐ ৠভষভসੵ তষঁেক ফষয-ফষয ৠটেন সনেয় ৠগেছ
ৠলখষসলসখয সদেক, মষয জন তষঁয ে ভয় ৠফয ৠনয়ষ ভ ক੭ন ৠথেক ক੭নতয েয়েছ ।
একজন ৠলসখকষ ও ভষনফহ সষেফ সনেজেক আসফ ষেযয ਜ਼য়ষে খেঁ জ ষফষয ਜ਼য়ষ কযেত েয়েছ
আ ਜ਼কষেয সনয়ভসন ਜ਼ণষলহ । জসয়তষয এই নষেয੫েব সতসন অফেজক੫ব ৠলসখকষ সষেফ
তষঁয ৡনসতক লড়ষইেক ਜ਼সতপসলত কযেত ৠচেয়েছন, সনেজেক ਜ਼ কেযেছন তষঁয সনণਐয় েলষ
েকਐ , ৠকননষ তষঁয অ যজগেতয সফেষব, চষટল, কলেযষল েলষই সযচষসলত কেযেছ তষঁয
নষেয੫বেক। ৠমন ভেন য় নষেয੫েবয ਜ਼টষগসন এভন সਹসতেত যেয়েছন মষ তষঁেক গস য
ফষইেয ৠফেযষেত সদেગ নষ । জসয়তষয এখনকষয কসফতষ ড়েলও একজন নষযহয এই অনਜ਼ষণন
ষওয়ষ মষেফ । আফষয ৠলখষসলসখয জগেত ਜ਼েফ কেয ডষঁ੫য়ষল ও ਜ਼ষসত ষসনক ল
যপ
ষে ষ- ষদকেদয ভসক ষভলষেত য় জসয়তষেক, মষঁযষ, জসয়তষয কসফতষ ফষ গদ তষঁেদয
সকষয় ਜ਼কষ কযষয য ফেলন, "মষ, ষসতযষভ ৠথেক সকেন ৠন"।
ওেয ৠম সফেদসসন ৠলসখকষেদয ਜ਼એ ত েলসছ, তষঁেদয কেয়কজেনয ভতন জসয়তষয জহফেনও
ৡফ ৠথেকই ৠলখন-ਜ਼সয়ষয সদগ েক ফষঙষসল ৠগয ফষসড়য সনয়ভনহসত সদেয় একটষ ৠঘযষেটষে
ৠফঁেধ ৠপলষয হভষেযখষ গেড় সদেয়সছল, আেষেয ৠলষকজনযষও ৠই ৠযখষেক ਹষসয় কযষয
ਜ਼য়ষ ৠম কেযনসন তষ ফলষ মষেফ নষ । এই ফষঁধনেক জসয়তষ অ হকষয কেযেছন উইল ষওয়ষেযয
ভষধেভ, এই উইল ষওয়ষয ਜ਼ক় তে আেযক੫ সযেয ਹষন ৡতসয কযষয ৠকৗল, সনেজয
উৎব সভ ৠথেক ৠফ দেয, ৠমখষেন সনেজয
এফং কষসত ফ়স েক ষপল ਜ਼দষন কযষ মষয় ।
এই েਮয নষেয੫ব ৠই ষপেলয খসতয়ষন ।
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