Wang Danping 2019 Motivating Students to Talk by TED Conference

Wang: Motivating Students to Talk by TED Conference Motivating Students to Talk: TED Conference inQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA University-Based Chinese Language Classrooms D a n p in g W a n g U n iv e r s ity o f A u c k la n d , N e w Z e a la n d T h is p a p e r p r e s e n ts a n in n o v a tiv e te a c h in g m e th o d th a t u s e s T E D c o n f e r e n c e to s tim u la te a n d s u p p o r t le a r n e r s o f C h in e s e in im p r o v in g th e ir s p e a k in g s k ills . I n n o n - ta r g e t la n g u a g e c o u n tr ie s , s tu d e n ts a r e o f te n r e lu c ta n t to u s e C h in e s e in r e a l lif e . T h is s tu d y o v e r v ie w s a c a s e w h e r e T E D c o n f e r e n c e s w e r e in te g r a te d in to a u n iv e r s ity - b a s e d C h in e s e la n g u a g e c o u r s e in N e w Z e a la n d . I t a ls o d is c u s s e s th e m a jo r f in d in g s e m e r g in g f r o m im p le m e n tin g th is in n o v a tiv e p e d a g o g y a s w e ll a s th e r e c o m m e n d a tio n s f o r f u tu r e r e s e a r c h . W h ile m o tiv a tin g s tu d e n ts to u s e C h in e s e in p u b lic s e ttin g , th e a p p r o a c h h a s a ls o e n h a n c e d c r itic a l th in k in g s k ills a n d c o - le a r n in g in la n g u a g e c la s s r o o m s . T h is p a p e r e n d s b y p r o v id in g f o o d f o r th o u g h t o n d e s ig n in g e n g a g in g p e d a g o g y in b u ild in g a n d s u s ta in in g a k n o w le d g e - s h a r in g c u ltu r e in a d v a n c e d C h in e s e c o u r s e s in u n iv e r s itie s . Keywords: s p e a k in g , a n x ie ty , T E D , o r a l p r e s e n ta tio n , a s s e s s m e n t 1 Introduction S tu d e n t a ttr itio n in u n iv e r s ity la n g u a g e p r o g r a m m e s h a s b e c o m e a c r itic a l is s u e , p a r tic u la r ly in A u s tr a lia a n d N e w Z e a la n d ( M a r tin , J a n s e n , & B e c k m a n n , 2 0 1 6 ) . A r e c e n t s u r v e y o n th e is s u e in a u n iv e r s ity la n g u a g e p r o g r a m m e h a s c o n f ir m e d th a t a la c k o f s p e a k in g o p p o r tu n itie s h a s b e c o m e o n e o f th e m a jo r r e a s o n s w h y s tu d e n ts c h o o s e to s to p le a r n in g s e c o n d la n g u a g e s in N e w Z e a la n d . T h e ir c la s s r o o m le a r n in g e x p e r ie n c e w a s d e s c r ib e d b y s u c h s tu d e n ts a s “ tr a d itio n a l ” , “ b o r in g ” , a n d “ ir r e le v a n t to r e a l lif e ” . T h e c u r r e n t a p p r o a c h a d o p te d b y m o s t u n iv e r s ity la n g u a g e p r o g r a m m e s is a c o m b in a tio n o f th e g r a m m a r tr a n s la tio n m e th o d a n d a u d io lin g u a l m e th o d , w h ic h e m p h a s is e s a d e ta ile d s tu d y o f g r a m m a r , m e m o r is a tio n o f p a tte r n s a n d c h a r a c te r s , e x te n s iv e tr a n s la tio n e x e r c is e s a n d a s tr o n g p r e f e r e n c e f o r w r itte n la n g u a g e a n d lite r a r y c la s s ic s . H o w e v e r , in r e a lity , th e a c tu a l m o tiv a tio n o f s tu d e n ts ’ f o r s tu d y in g a f o r e ig n la n g u a g e h a s s h if te d f r o m lite r a r y s tu d y to h u m a n in te r a c tio n . B y a n d la r g e u n iv e r s ity la n g u a g e c o u r s e s h a v e f a ile d to r e s p o n d to s u c h c h a n g e , h e n c e r e s u ltin g in th e in c r e a s in g ly h ig h s tu d e n t a ttr itio n r a te o v e r th e y e a r s . A c o n te x tu a lis e d a n d s itu a te d le a r n in g c o n te x t is e s s e n tia l to m o tiv a te s tu d e n ts in u s in g th e ta r g e t la n g u a g e a n d le a d s to b e tte r u n d e r s ta n d in g a n d m o r e m e a n in g f u l le a r n in g ( G e e , 2 0 1 2 ; R ic h a r d , 2 0 1 5 ) . T h e m o s t e f f e c tiv e w a y to le a r n a la n g u a g e is to p a r tic ip a te in a c o m m u n ity in w h ic h th e ta r g e t la n g u a g e m u s t b e u s e d f o r c o m m u n ic a tio n in a r e a l- lif e s itu a tio n . I n s u c h a n e n v ir o n m e n t, th e la n g u a g e le a r n e r is f o r c e d to th in k a n d s p e a k in th e ta r g e t la n g u a g e , a llo w in g th e m to b e c o m e im m e r s e d in a n in p u t- r ic h , n a tu r a l, a n d m e a n in g f u l c o n te x t in w h ic h th e ta r g e t la n g u a g e c a n b e a c q u ir e d . M a n y c o m m u n ic a tiv e la n g u a g e te a c h in g a p p r o a c h e s h a v e f o llo w e d th is p r in c ip le in m o tiv a tin g s tu d e n ts to s p e a k . H o w e v e r , im m e r s in g th e m in to a le a r n in g c o n te x t p o w e r e d e x c lu s iv e ly b y th e ta r g e t la n g u a g e c a n a ls o le a d to v e r y h ig h le v e ls o f s e c o n d la n g u a g e a n x ie ty ( W a n g , 2 0 1 6 ) . W h ile le a r n in g a n x ie ty is b y n o m e a n s u n iq u e to la n g u a g e s , it is n o ta b ly th e o n ly r is k f a c to r s p e c if ic to th e la n g u a g e - te a c h in g c o n te x t. S o m e s tu d e n ts w h o r e p o r te d a n x ie ty r e la te d Published by EngagedScholarship@CSU, 1 Submission to Chinese Language Teaching Methodology and Technology to s p e a k in g , lis te n in g , a n d e s p e c ia lly th e o r a l in te r v ie w n e v e r th e le s s p e r s is te d in th e ir la n g u a g e s tu d ie s . A lth o u g h p r io r lite r a tu r e h a s s u g g e s te d th a t th e r e a r e m a n y g e n e r ic r e a s o n s w h y a s tu d e n t m a y d is c o n tin u e h is o r h e r e n r o lm e n t in a u n iv e r s ity la n g u a g e c o u r s e , s tu d e n ts b e in g b u r d e n e d b y s e c o n d la n g u a g e a n x ie ty d e s e r v e s m o r e r e s e a r c h a tte n tio n ( L o b o , 2 0 1 2 ) . S e c o n d la n g u a g e a n x ie ty is d e f in e d a s th e f e e lin g o f te n s io n a n d a p p r e h e n s io n a s s o c ia te d w ith s e c o n d la n g u a g e c o n te x ts , in c lu d in g s p e a k in g , lis te n in g a n d le a r n in g ( O n w u e g b u z ie , B a ile y , & D a le y , 1 9 9 9 ) . I t is c lo s e ly lin k e d to p e r f o r m a n c e in o r a l e x a m in a tio n s o r o th e r f o r m s o f la n g u a g e p r o d u c tio n in th e c la s s r o o m a n d is c o n s id e r e d o n e o f th e b ig g e s t c a u s e s o f f o r e ig n la n g u a g e a ttr itio n ( H o r w itz , 2 0 1 0 ; W e s e ly , 2 0 1 0 ) . I n a r e c e n t r e s e a r c h f r o m S y d n e y U n iv e r s ity , L o b o a n d M a ta s ( 2 0 1 0 ) c o n f ir m e d th a t s e c o n d la n g u a g e a n x ie ty - p r im a r ily d r iv e n b y c o n c e r n s o v e r o r a l in te r v ie w a s s e s s m e n t ta s k s — w a s a k e y f a c to r r e p o r te d b y s tu d e n ts w h o w ith d r e w f r o m th e ir la n g u a g e c o u r s e . P a r a d o x ic a lly , s tu d e n ts d e s ir e o p p o r tu n itie s to s p e a k y e t a r e f r ig h te n e d to s p e a k . T h is p a p e r a r g u e s th a t s e c o n d la n g u a g e a n x ie ty in s p e a k in g is c a u s e d b y th e s tr e s s f u l s e ttin g s o f o r a l e x a m in a tio n s . A t th e U n iv e r s ity o f A u c k la n d , f o r e x a m p le , g r a d e d o r a l te s ts in la n g u a g e c o u r s e s s u c h a s G e r m a n , S p a n is h , J a p a n e s e , K o r e a n a n d C h in e s e n o r m a lly ta k e p la c e in th e le c tu r e r ’ s o f f ic e in a o n e - o n - o n e in te r v ie w f o r m a t. S tu d e n ts ta k e tu r n s h a v in g a s h o r t c o n v e r s a tio n w ith th e le c tu r e r , w h o is n o r m a lly a n a tiv e - s p e a k e r o f th e ta r g e t la n g u a g e . T h e ir s p e a k in g a b ility is a s s e s s e d in th is d e - c o n te x tu a lis e d , f o r m - f o c u s e d , te a c h e r - le d , a n d m e m o r is a tio n - b a s e d s e ttin g tw ic e a s e m e s te r , o n c e f o r th e m id - te r m a n d o n c e f o r th e f in a l. D u r in g th e o r a l te s t, s tu d e n ts p la y a r a th e r p a s s iv e r o le in a n e a r c o m p le te o n e - w a y c o m m u n ic a tio n m o d e l, w h e r e s p o n ta n e o u s c o n v e r s a tio n is d is c o u r a g e d d u e to th e e x is te n c e o f a tim e lim it f o r e a c h s tu d e n t. A s a r e s u lt, s tu d e n ts r e p o r te d h ig h le v e ls o f a n x ie ty in le a r n in g la n g u a g e s in u n iv e r s ity . T h e ir d e s ir e to s p e a k a n d c o m m u n ic a te is s tif le d , a n d s u c h d is s a tis f a c tio n le a d s to d is c o n tin u a tio n o f la n g u a g e s tu d y . T h is r e s e a r c h p a p e r a im s to e x p lo r e a n e w p e d a g o g y th a t is e x p e c te d to tr a n s f o r m th e c u r r e n t d is e n g a g in g e n v ir o n m e n t o f s e c o n d la n g u a g e le a r n in g in u n iv e r s itie s b y c r e a tin g a m o r e s o c io - c u ltu r a lly m e a n in g f u l a n d c r itic a lly c h a lle n g in g s itu a tio n in w h ic h s tu d e n ts le a r n C h in e s e . S p e c if ic a lly , th is s tu d y a im s to f in d o u t ( 1 ) w h e th e r th is n e w a p p r o a c h h a s m o tiv a te d s tu d e n ts to s p e a k m o r e C h in e s e ; ( 2 ) w h e th e r it h a s im p r o v e d s tu d e n ts ’ C h in e s e s p e a k in g s k ills ; a n d ( 3 ) w h e th e r it h a s c o n tr ib u te d to a b e tte r s a tis f a c tio n w ith th e c o u r s e th a t c o u ld le a d to f u tu r e e n g a g e m e n t in C h in e s e le a r n in g . 2 Theoretical framework 2 .1 S itu a te d L e a r n in g T h is s tu d y d r a w s u p o n th e n o tio n o f “ s itu a te d le a r n in g ” ( G e e , 2 0 1 2 ) w ith a f o c u s o n th e “ c o m m u n ity o f p r a c tic e ( C o P ) ” ( W e n g e r , 1 9 9 9 ) . B y a p p ly in g th e s e tw o th e o r e tic a l f r a m e w o r k s , th is s tu d y lo o k s d e e p e r in to th e im p o r ta n c e a n d f u n c tio n a lity o f c o n te x t a n d c o m m u n ity to s e c o n d la n g u a g e le a r n in g . T h e s itu a te d la n g u a g e le a r n in g a p p r o a c h tr e a ts le a r n e r s a s a c tiv e c o n s tr u c to r s o f k n o w le d g e w h o “ b r in g th e ir o w n n e e d s , s tr a te g ie s a n d s ty le s to le a r n in g , a n d s k ills a n d k n o w le d g e a r e b e s t a c q u ir e d w ith in r e a lis tic c o n te x ts a n d a u th e n tic s e ttin g s , w h e r e s tu d e n ts a r e e n g a g e d in e x p e r ie n tia l la n g u a g e le a r n in g ta s k s ” ( F e lix , 2 0 0 2 , p . 3 ) . T h r o u g h s itu a te d le a r n in g , s tu d e n ts a r e a b le to w o r k to g e th e r , le a r n s k ills a n d a c c u r a te ly a p p ly th o s e s k ills th e y h a v e le a r n t. A c c o r d in g to G e e ( 2 0 1 2 ) , th e s itu a te d le a r n in g a p p r o a c h a llo w s s tu d e n ts to g a in e x p e r ie n c e th r o u g h p a r tic ip a tin g in a u th e n tic le a r n in g a c tiv itie s , a n d f r o m th is e x p e r ie n c e th e y a r e a b le to b e m o r e p r o d u c tiv e in th e ir liv e s a f te r th e y g r a d u a te . https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cltmt 2 Wang: Motivating Students to Talk by TED Conference T h is m o d e l o f s itu a te d le a r n in g p r o p o s e d th a t le a r n in g in v o lv e d a p r o c e s s o f e n g a g e m e n t in a c o m m u n ity o f p r a c tic e . I n th e ir s e m in a l w o r k , L a v e a n d W e n g e r ( 1 9 9 1 ) a r g u e d th a t le a r n in g s h o u ld n o t b e v ie w e d a s s im p ly th e tr a n s m is s io n o f a b s tr a c t a n d d e - c o n te x tu a lis e d k n o w le d g e f r o m o n e in d iv id u a l to a n o th e r , b u t a s o c ia l p r o c e s s w h e r e b y k n o w le d g e is c o - c o n s tr u c te d a n d s h a r e d . T h e y s u g g e s te d th a t s u c h le a r n in g is s itu a te d in a s p e c if ic c o n te x t a n d e m b e d d e d w ith in a p a r tic u la r s o c ia l, p h y s ic a l a n d m e a n in g f u l e n v ir o n m e n t. U n d e r th e f r a m e w o r k o f C o P , k n o w le d g e is v ie w e d a s r e c ip r o c a lly c o n s tr u c te d w ith in th e in d iv id u a l ’ s e n v ir o n m e n t in te r a c tio n s ( B a r a b & D u f f , 2 0 0 0 ) . L a n g u a g e le a r n in g s h o u ld a lw a y s b e s itu a te d a n d p r o g r e s s iv e ly d e v e lo p e d th r o u g h a c tiv ity c o n c e p ts . A c c o r d in g to W e n g e r ( 1 9 9 9 ) , o n ly s itu a te d a n d c o n te x tu a lis e d p r a c tic e le a d s to d e e p u n d e r s ta n d in g a n d m e a n in g f u l le a r n in g . A p e r s o n ’ s in te n tio n s to le a r n a r e e n g a g e d a n d th e m e a n in g o f le a r n in g is c o n f ig u r e d th r o u g h th e p r o c e s s o f b e c o m in g a f u ll p a r tic ip a n t in a s o c io - c u ltu r a l p r a c tic e . W ith in th is th e o r y , th e r e is a c o n c e r n w ith id e n tity , w ith le a r n in g to s p e a k in w a y s th a t m a k e s e n s e w ith in th e c o m m u n ity . L e a r n in g a s in c r e a s in g p a r tic ip a tio n in c o m m u n itie s o f p r a c tic e c o n c e r n s th e w h o le p e r s o n a c tin g in th e w o r ld ( L a v e & W e n g e r , 1 9 9 1 ) . T h e f o c u s is o n th e w a y s in w h ic h le a r n in g is “ a n e v o lv in g , c o n tin u o u s ly r e n e w e d s e t o f r e la tio n s ” ( p . 5 0 ) . I n o th e r w o r d s , th e c o m m u n ity o f p r a c tic e p r o m o te s a r e la tio n a l v ie w o f th e p e r s o n a n d le a r n in g . S tu d e n ts a r e a b le to m a in ta in a n d e le v a te th e ir s e n s e o f s e lf h o o d b y m a k in g th e ir o w n v o ic e th r o u g h a c tiv e a n d f u ll p a r tic ip a tio n in le a r n in g c o m m u n itie s . I n c o n tr a s t, o u r c u r r e n t te a c h in g a n d a s s e s s m e n t m e th o d s a r e c la s s r o o m - b a s e d in s te a d o f c o m m u n ity - b a s e d . S tu d e n ts h a v e v e r y lim ite d o p p o r tu n itie s to p a r tic ip a te in a n a u th e n tic a n d m e a n in g f u l c o m m u n ity o f la n g u a g e u s e . I m p le m e n tin g a s itu a te d le a r n in g e n v ir o n m e n t is v ita l f o r a d v a n c in g C h in e s e la n g u a g e le a r n e r s . T h e ir k n o w le d g e a n d u s e o f C h in e s e c a n d e te r m in e th e ir e m p lo y a b ility in th e c o m p e titiv e m a r k e t, a n d th e d e p th th e y a r e a b le to e n g a g e in C h in a - r e la te d c a r e e r s . T h e ir f in a l C h in e s e la n g u a g e c o u r s e in u n iv e r s ity s h o u ld in v o lv e m e a n in g f u l a n d a u th e n tic s itu a tio n s in o r d e r to p r e p a r e s tu d e n ts f o r liv in g a n d w o r k in g in C h in e s e s p e a k in g c o m m u n itie s . H o w e v e r , to d a te , little w o r k h a s b e e n d o n e in N e w Z e a la n d u n iv e r s itie s to e x a m in e th e s itu a te d le a r n in g a p p r o a c h in m o tiv a tin g s tu d e n ts to p a r tic ip a te in c o m m u n itie s o f s e c o n d la n g u a g e le a r n in g . T h is p a p e r w ill f ill th e g a p b y lo o k in g a t a c a s e s tu d y f r o m th e U n iv e r s ity o f A u c k la n d . 2 .2 “ T E D x U o A C h in e s e ” a s p e d a g o g y N u m e r o u s s tu d ie s h a v e d e m o n s tr a te d th e im p o r ta n c e o f m u ltim e d ia in c r e a tin g a s itu a te d le a r n in g e n v ir o n m e n t f o r s e c o n d la n g u a g e te a c h in g a n d le a r n in g . M u ltim e d ia p r o v id e s th e m o s t d e s ir a b le a n d r ic h c o n te x ts a n d r e s o u r c e s in m o d e r n L 2 e d u c a tio n f r o m k in d e r g a r te n to u n iv e r s ity . I t is u s e d in a w id e r a n g e o f le a r n in g s ta g e s f o r m a n y d if f e r e n t p e d a g o g ic a l p u r p o s e s s u c h a s c la s s ic e - b r e a k e r s , v o c a b u la r y b o o s te r s , a s w e ll a s a s tr e s s r e lie v e r d u r in g th e le a r n in g p r o c e s s ( C h a n g & H u a n g , 2 0 1 5 ; C o x h e a d & B y th e w a y , 2 0 1 5 ) . T E D s ta n d s f o r T e c h n o lo g y , E n te r ta in m e n t a n d D e s ig n . F o u n d in 1 9 8 4 , T E D is a n o n p r o f it m e d ia o r g a n iz a tio n th a t p o s ts s h o r t a n d p o w e r f u l ta lk s o n lin e u n d e r th e s lo g a n o f ‘ id e a s w o r th s p r e a d in g ’ . T E D c o n f e r e n c e s in v ite p r o f e s s io n a ls f r o m a v a r ie ty o f c o m m u n itie s , d is c ip lin e s a n d c u ltu r e s to s h a r e th e ir a c h ie v e m e n ts a n d in n o v a tio n s th r o u g h tig h tly tim e d o n s ta g e p r e s e n ta tio n s . T h e v id e o s a n d tr a n s c r ip ts o f th e ir ta lk s w ill th e n b e m a d e f r e e ly a v a ila b le o n lin e f o r s h a r in g a n d s tu d y . T h e v a r ie ty o f g e n r e p r o to ty p e s a n d c r o s s - d is c ip lin a r y to p ic s w ith in T E D c o n f e r e n c e s a r e v a lu a b le f o r n o t o n ly d o th e y s e r v e a s u s e f u l in s tr u c tio n a l m a te r ia l ( C o x h e a d , 2 0 1 8 ) , b u t th e y c a n a ls o h e lp s tu d e n ts u n d e r s ta n d a n d e m u la te g e n r e s th a t a r e p o te n tia lly a k in to th e ir f u tu r e c a r e e r s ( L o y a & K le m m , 2 0 1 6 ; P a r k & C h a , 2 0 1 3 ) . A s le a r n in g m a te r ia ls in a d v a n c e d Published by EngagedScholarship@CSU, 3 Submission to Chinese Language Teaching Methodology and Technology C h in e s e la n g u a g e c o u r s e s a r e u s u a lly a d a p te d f r o m o r ig in a l n e w s a r tic le s , r e a d e r s ’ d ig e s t ’ s o r c la s s ic a l lite r a tu r e , s tu d e n ts d o n o t g e t th e c h a n c e to le a r n h o w to d is c u s s a n d s tu d y id e a s f r o m o th e r m e d iu m s a n d d is c ip lin e s , w h ic h is s o m e th in g e x tr e m e ly im p o r ta n t f o r e n g a g in g s tu d e n ts f r o m s c ie n c e , m e d ic in e , la w a n d b u s in e s s b a c k g r o u n d s . I n te g r a tin g T E D c o n f e r e n c e c o n c e p ts in to C h in e s e la n g u a g e c u r r ic u lu m s h a s g r e a t p e d a g o g ic a l p o te n tia l in m o tiv a tin g s tu d e n ts to p a r tic ip a te in m o r e m e a n in g f u l s p e a k in g a c tiv itie s . A p a r t f r o m its a c c e s s ib ility a n d d iv e r s ity , T E D c o n f e r e n c e s a r e a ls o u s e f u l a s th e y h e lp g e n e r a te d is c u s s io n s in th e c la s s r o o m a n d s tim u la te c r itic a l th in k in g s k ills ( T a ib i e t a l., 2 0 1 5 ) . H o w e v e r , T E D c o n f e r e n c e s c a n a ls o te a c h a m o r e in tr ig u in g a n d s u b tle s k ill, th e a r t o f p r e s e n ta tio n . T h e s e p r e s e n ta tio n s p r o v id e a r e s e a r c h - b a s e d a n a ly s is o f th o u s a n d s o f th e b e s t T E D ta lk s to d e te r m in e w h a t m a k e s a g o o d p r e s e n ta tio n a n d h o w to e n g a g e a u d ie n c e s in p u b lic s p e a k in g . S in c e 2 0 1 0 , n u m e r o u s b o o k s h a v e b e e n p u b lis h e d a n d o n lin e tip s g iv e n f o r p o te n tia l p r e s e n te r s o n h o w to d e liv e r a g o o d p r e s e n ta tio n ( A n d e r s o n , 2 0 1 6 ; G a llo , 2 0 1 4 ) . T h e s e r e s o u r c e s s e r v e a s a v e r y u s e f u l p r e s e n ta tio n g u id e f o r la n g u a g e le a r n e r s in im p r o v in g th e ir p r e s e n ta tio n s k ills . W h ile h is to r y h a s c le a r ly b e e n s h a p e d b y im p o r ta n t s p e e c h e s , g o o d p r e s e n ta tio n a n d p u b lic s p e a k in g s k ills c a n in c r e a s e a s tu d e n ts ’ s e lf - s a tis f a c tio n a n d le a d e r s h ip in u n iv e r s ity . T h e r e h a s b e e n w id e s p r e a d a c c e p ta n c e o f T E D ta lk s in E n g lis h - la n g u a g e c la s s r o o m s ( P itte n g e r , M ille r , & M o tt, 2 0 0 4 ; Z a p p a - H o llm a n , 2 0 0 7 ) f o r its m e a n in g f u l c o n te n t, w h ic h c a n in s p ir e te a c h in g a n d le a r n in g a s w e ll a s m o tiv a tin g d is c u s s io n s , k n o w le d g e - s h a r in g a n d lif e lo n g le a r n in g ( D a V ia R u b e n s te in , 2 0 1 2 ) . N e v e r th e le s s , o th e r la n g u a g e c u r r ic u lu m s h a v e y e t to r e c o g n is e th e p e d a g o g ic a l im p o r ta n c e o f T E D c o n f e r e n c e s d u e to th e ir u s e o f E n g lis h a s its d o m in a n t la n g u a g e o f p r e s e n ta tio n . I n a d d itio n to th e c o n te n t p r e s e n te d in E n g lis h , th e f o r m a t o f T E D c o n f e r e n c e s th e m s e lv e s s e r v e a s th e b e s t a s s e s s m e n t m e th o d f o r in c o r p o r a tin g th e c o n c e p t o f c o m m u n itie s o f p r a c tic e . I n th is r e g a r d , th e s tu d y a tte m p ts to in v e s tig a te h o w th e u s e o f T E D c o n f e r e n c e f o r m a ts c r e a te s a s itu a te d le a r n in g e n v ir o n m e n t th a t r e f o r m s th e a s s e s s m e n t s e ttin g . H a v in g r e c e iv e d c o n s e n t f r o m th e T E D o r g a n is a tio n a t th e U n iv e r s ity o f A u c k la n d ( T E D x U o A ) , w e n a m e d o u r T E D c o n f e r e n c e “ T E D x U o A C h in e s e ” . T h e y g r a n te d u s th e p r iv ile g e to b e c o m in g a s ta n d a lo n e c o m m u n ity o n c a m p u s f o r g iv in g p u b lic s p e e c h e s in C h in e s e . T h e s p e a k in g c o u r s e c o u ld a ls o b e c o m e a p u b lic e v e n t f o r a ll le a r n e r s o f C h in e s e . 3 Instructional Design and Implication 3 .1 C o u r s e T h e c o u r s e in v o lv e d in th is s tu d y w a s o n e o f th e m o s t a d v a n c e d a t th e U n iv e r s ity o f A u c k la n d . H a v in g f in is h e d th is c o u r s e , s tu d e n ts ’ C h in e s e p r o f ic ie n c y le v e l is e x p e c te d to h a v e r e a c h e d C l o n th e s c a le o f th e C o m m o n E u r o p e a n F r a m e w o r k o f R e f e r e n c e s f o r L a n g u a g e s . T h is le v e l o f p r o f ic ie n c y r e q u ir e s le a r n e r s to u s e th e c o n v e n tio n s o f th e c o m m u n ic a tiv e ta s k e f f e c tiv e ly to h o ld th e lis te n e r s ’ a tte n tio n a n d to c o m m u n ic a te s tr a ig h tf o r w a r d a n d c o m p le x id e a s a s a p p r o p r ia te . T h e c o u r s e s y lla b u s a s k e d s tu d e n ts to b e a b le to s p e a k w ith e a s e a n d c o n f id e n c e w h e n d e a lin g w ith s p e c if ic s o c ia l s itu a tio n s . T h e y a ls o n e e d e d to b e a b le to in itia te , m a in ta in a n d c lo s e a g e n e r a l c o n v e r s a tio n w ith a n u m b e r o f s tr a te g ie s a p p r o p r ia te to a r a n g e o f c ir c u m s ta n c e s a n d to p ic s f o r f a c e - to - f a c e c o n v e r s a tio n s . T h e te x tb o o k f o r th is c o u r s e w a s th e H S K S ta n d a r d C o u r s e 5 A , w h ic h in c lu d e s to p ic s s u c h a s m a r r ia g e a n d f a m ily , c u ltu r e a n d tr a d itio n , h e a lth a n d s c ie n c e , tr a v e l a n d c ity lif e a n d s o o n . 3 .2 S tu d e n ts https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cltmt 4 Wang: Motivating Students to Talk by TED Conference T h e r e w e r e 3 0 s tu d e n ts in th e c o u r s e w h o h a d a lr e a d y e s ta b lis h e d s o m e s o r t o f f a m ilia r ity w ith C h in e s e c u ltu r e o v e r m a n y y e a r s o f le a r n in g C h in e s e . M o s t s tu d e n ts in th is c o u r s e h a v e h a d a t le a s t o n e s tu d y a b r o a d e x p e r ie n c e in M a in la n d C h in a . T h e y w e r e a lr e a d y f a m ilia r w ith m a n y p o p u la r C h in e s e s o c ia l m e d ia p la tf o r m s a n d a v a r ie ty o f C h in e s e s h o w s f r o m e ith e r th e ir c la s s a n d /o r th e ir C h in e s e b u d d ie s . T h e s tu d e n ts c a m e f r o m 2 2 d if f e r e n t m a jo r s in c lu d in g la w , h e a lth s c ie n c e , p h y s ic s , a c c o u n tin g , e n g in e e r in g a n d a c o u p le o f A r ts b a s e d d is c ip lin e s . 3 .2 P r o c e d u r e S tu d e n ts w e r e in f o r m e d o f th is s p e a k in g a s s e s s m e n t th r o u g h o u t th e c o u r s e . F r o m th e b e g in n in g o f w e e k 8 , s tu d e n ts w e r e g iv e n in s tr u c tio n s o n c h o o s in g a to p ic f o r th e ir s p e e c h . I n tw o w e e k s ’ tim e , th e y h a d to s u b m it th e ir f ir s t d r a f t o f th e ir s p e e c h s c r ip t. O n e w e e k b e f o r e th e T E D c o n f e r e n c e , w e o r g a n is e d a m o c k T E D ta lk to g iv e s tu d e n ts a ta s te o f th e f o r m a t o f s p e a k in g a s s e s s m e n t. I n w e e k 1 2 , w e h e ld th e c o n f e r e n c e s u c c e s s f u lly . E a c h s tu d e n t w a s g iv e n a la n y a r d w ith th e ir n a m e a n d w e r e a d d r e s s e d a s “ p r e s e n te r s ” in s te a d o f “ s tu d e n ts ” in th e c o n f e r e n c e . S tu d e n ts w e r e r e q u ir e d to g iv e a tw o - m in u te s p e e c h u s in g a t le a s t th r e e n e w v o c a b u la r y c o v e r e d in th e te x tb o o k . T h e ir p e r f o r m a n c e w a s e v a lu a te d b a s e d o n f iv e d if f e r e n t a s p e c ts : o r g a n is a tio n a n d c la r ity o f id e a s , s p e e d p e r m in u te , p r e s e n ta tio n s ty le , p r o n u n c ia tio n a n d g r a m m a r u s e . T h e ir p r e s e n ta tio n s w e r e a ll v id e o r e c o r d e d . I n th e c o u r s e o f o n e h o u r , s tu d e n ts to o k tu r n s g iv in g th e ir in d iv id u a l s p e e c h e s , w r o te c o m m e n ts f o r o th e r p r e s e n te r s , a n d s e le c te d th e b e s t p r e s e n ta tio n s f o r a n a w a r d . 3 .3 E f f e c t A s s e s s m e n t T h is r e s e a r c h e m p lo y e d a g o o d r a n g e o f m e th o d s to c o lle c t d a ta f o r a n a ly s is . B e f o r e th e “ T E D x U o A C h in e s e ” c o n c e p t w a s in tr o d u c e d , a n in f o r m a l f o c u s - g r o u p in te r v ie w w a s h e ld . T h e c o u r s e le c tu r e r c o n s u lte d s tu d e n t o p in io n b e f o r e im p le m e n tin g th is a s s e s s m e n t m e th o d . A ll s tu d e n ts k n e w a b o u t T E D ta lk s a n d b y a n d la r g e h a d w a tc h e d o n e o r tw o e p is o d e s b e f o r e . T h e y w e r e f a m ilia r w ith th e u n iq u e f o r m a t a n d s ta n d a r d s o f T E D p r e s e n ta tio n s . I n th e in te r v ie w s , s tu d e n ts d e m o n s tr a te d e n th u s ia s m f o r th is n e w m e th o d o f a s s e s s m e n t. T h r o u g h o u t th e c o u r s e , w e o f f e r e d 1 2 o f f ic e h o u r s e v e r y w e e k f o r s tu d e n ts to d r o p b y to p r a c tic e C h in e s e a n d r e c e iv e f e e d b a c k . A t th e e n d o f th e s e m e s te r , s tu d e n ts w e r e a s k e d to c o m p le te a c o u r s e e v a lu a tio n w h e r e s tu d e n ts ’ r a te d th e c o u r s e a n d g a v e th e ir f o r m a tiv e c o m m e n ts a n o n y m o u s ly . I n o r d e r to p r o te c t th e ir id e n tity , th is p a p e r w ill r e m o v e th e w o r d s in th e q u o ta tio n s o f th e ir c o m m e n ts th a t c o u ld le a d to e x p o s u r e o f th e ir n a m e s . T h e c o u r s e le c tu r e r a ls o d id a n in f o r m a l s u r v e y w ith s tu d e n ts to e lic it s tu d e n ts ’ o p in io n a b o u t th is a p p r o a c h . I n th e f o llo w in g s e c tio n , th is p a p e r w ill d is c u s s s o m e o f th e k e y f in d in g s f r o m th is s tu d y . 4 Findings T h e s tu d y f o u n d th a t s tu d e n ts ’ m o tiv a tio n to s p e a k C h in e s e g e n e r a lly in c r e a s e d a n d th e ir s p e a k in g s k ills w e r e a ls o im p r o v e d a s a r e s u lt o f in te g r a tin g T E D c o n f e r e n c e in to th e a s s e s s m e n t. T h e ir o v e r a ll s a tis f a c tio n w ith th e c o u r s e , o u t o f 5 , r o s e f r o m 3 .8 3 in 2 0 1 7 to 4 .6 8 in 2 0 1 8 . (1) Motivated to use Chinese Published by EngagedScholarship@CSU, 5 Submission to Chinese Language Teaching Methodology and Technology T h e c r e a tio n o f th e “ T E D x U o A C h in e s e ” b r a n d in g g a v e s tu d e n ts a s e n s e o f c o m m u n ity , w h ic h im p r o v e d s tu d e n ts ’ e n g a g e m e n t in le a r n in g a c tiv itie s . T h is c o n f ir m s th e b e n e f its o f h a v in g a c o m m u n ity o f p r a c tic e , th a t L 2 le a r n e r s s u c c e e d b y b e c o m in g m e m b e r s o f a c o m m u n ity m a d e u p o f a c tiv e p a r tic ip a n ts in th e ir c h o s e n f ie ld . A s s tu d e n ts s a id , th is a s s e s s m e n t m e th o d tr u ly m o tiv a te d th e m to u s e C h in e s e . I r e a lly e n jo y e d g iv in g a T E D ta lk a n d th o u g h t th a t w a s a n ic e w a y to f in is h th e la s t C h in e s e p a p e r . I t w a s v e r y d if f e r e n t f r o m th e o th e r o r a l te s ts a s w e c o u ld n o t c u e c a r d s b u t I f e lt lik e it tr u ly h e lp e d m o tiv a te u s . I t w a s th e f ir s t e v e r s tim u la tin g e x e r c is e I 'v e e v e r g o t to d o s in c e I s ta r te d s tu d y in g C h in e s e . W ith o u t it, I p r o b a b ly w o u ld h a v e lo s t in te r e s t in th e s u b je c t a n d w o u ld n 't h a v e p u s h e d m y s e lf to a t le a s t tr y . B e in g p u s h e d w a s r e a lly g o o d , f o r a ll o f u s I th in k , b e c a u s e it m e a n t w e h a d to s it d o w n a n d p u t tim e in to v o c a b , g r a m m a r a n d a ll o f it. I n th is c o u r s e , I r e a lly f e e l lik e I 'v e le a r n t s o m e th in g . S tu d e n ts w e r e in v o lv e d in th e e n tir e p r o c e s s o f th e n e w le a r n in g a n d a s s e s s m e n t m e th o d . T h e d e s ig n o f th e p e d a g o g y is f o c u s e d o n s tu d e n ts p a r tic ip a tin g in a c o m m u n ity th a t th e y d e v e lo p e d b y a n d f o r th e m s e lv e s . I t is n o t a b o u t th e m p a r tic ip a tin g in a n u n f a m ilia r c o m m u n ity th e te a c h e r c r e a te d o r s im p ly f o r th e e x a m s . S tu d e n ts v o lu n te e r e d to h o s t th e ta lk s a n d to k e e p tim e f o r e a c h p r e s e n te r . T h e y a ls o le a r n t to m a k e e y e c o n ta c t a n d to a p p la u d e a c h p r e s e n te r o n th e s ta g e a s a f o r m o f e m o tio n a l s u p p o r t, s o m e th in g r a r e ly s e e n in o th e r f o r m a ts o f o r a l a s s e s s m e n t. T h e c o u r s e c o o r d in a to r b e c a m e a n e v e n t f a c ilita to r in th is c o u r s e . O n c e s tu d e n ts u n d e r s to o d th e a s s e s s m e n t d e ta ils , th e y w e r e g iv e n tim e to d e s ig n th e ir m e th o d s o f p r a c tic e . T h e te a c h e r p r o v id e d o n e - o n - o n e c o n s u lta tio n s e s s io n s to h e lp s tu d e n ts w ith th e ir s c r ip ts a n d p r o n u n c ia tio n s . S tu d e n ts w e r e th e o r g a n is e r s a n d p a r tic ip a n ts o f th e ir o w n o r a l te s ts . T h e te a c h e r s ’ jo b w a s to p r o v id e th e s c a f f o ld in g in s te a d o f d o m in a tin g th e c la s s r o o m le a r n in g . (2) Improved Chinese speaking skills S tu d e n ts c a m e to r e a lis e th a t th e y a ls o n e e d to im p r o v e th e ir p r e s e n ta tio n s k ills in g e n e r a l. P r e s e n ta tio n is a g e n e r ic s p e a k in g s k ill th a t r e q u ir e s s y s te m a tic a n d p r o f e s s io n a l tr a in in g . M a n y L 2 a s s e s s m e n t m e th o d s h o w e v e r f a il to s e p a r a te o u t th e g e n e r ic s k ills a n d th e n e w ly a c q u ir e d L 2 k n o w le d g e a n d a b ility . S tu d e n ts ’ L 2 a b ility w a s d r a g g e d d o w n b y th e ir p o o r p r e s e n ta tio n s k ills . H o w e v e r , th is s tu d y h e lp e d s tu d e n ts w ith th e ir p r e s e n ta tio n s k ills s e p a r a te ly b e f o r e s tu d e n ts a p p lie d th e m to th e C h in e s e s p e a k in g te s t. I ’ m d o in g L a w s o I c a n h a n d le it. B u t I k n o w s o m e o th e r s tu d e n ts d o n ’ t g e t th e c h a n c e to s p e a k in f r o n t o f p e o p le . I p r a c tic e d a lo t a t h o m e . I w e n t to a f e w o f f ic e h o u r s to p r a c tic e a n d g o t C h e n L a o s h i to r e c o r d h e r s a y in g m y s p e e c h to h e lp m e m e m o r is e a n d p r o n o u n c e r ig h t. I t ’ s th e f ir s t s p e e c h I g a v e o u t o f m e m o r y . I t ’ s ju s t f a s c in a tin g to s e e h o w f a s t I c a n s p e a k . T h e f ir s t tim e I c o u ld o n ly s p e a k a b o u t a h u n d r e d w o r d s b u t a t th e m o c k , I f in is h e d m y w h o le s c r ip t, w h ic h w a s a lm o s t tw o h u n d r e d . https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cltmt 6 Wang: Motivating Students to Talk by TED Conference T h e o r a l te s ts w e r e r e a lly c h a lle n g in g ( in a g o o d w a y ) a n d p u s h e d m e to d e v e lo p m y s p e a k in g a n d p r e s e n ta tio n s k ills . C le a r ly , s tu d e n ts u n d e r s to o d th a t th e r e is a g a p . W h e n th e ir L 2 s p e a k in g a b ility is m e a s u r e d , it is o f te n a s s u m e d th a t th e y d o n o t h a v e p r o b le m s w ith p r e s e n tin g . L 2 o r a l p r e s e n ta tio n is a c o m b in a tio n o f m u ltip le s k ills , a n d c o u r s e d e s ig n e r s s h o u ld c o n s id e r h o w to r e c o n n e c t th e la n g u a g e - s p e c if ic s k ills w ith th e g e n e r ic s k ills . (3) Integrated discourse pragmatic knowledge S tu d e n ts ’ p r a g m a tic a w a r e n e s s w a s g e n e r a lly im p r o v e d . L e a r n e r s w ith h ig h g r a m m a tic a l p r o f ic ie n c y c a n s till m a k e p r a g m a tic a lly in a p p r o p r ia te f a u x p a s in c o m p a r is o n w ith n a tiv e - s p e a k e r ( L i, 2 0 1 2 ) . L i, X ie , a n d W u ( 2 0 1 4 ) h a v e c a lle d f o r in c r e a s in g L 2 le a r n e r s ’ p r a g m a tic a w a r e n e s s . T h e ir s tu d y f o u n d th a t s tu d e n ts ’ s p e e c h s c r ip ts d id n o t s h o w s u f f ic ie n t a tte n tio n b e in g p a id to p r a g m a tic f u n c tio n s o f la n g u a g e u s e . D is c o u r s e m a r k e r s c o m e u p m o s t p r e v a le n tly in o r a l s p e e c h . A s th e y a r e g r a m m a tic a lly o p tio n a l o r s y n ta c tic a lly in d e p e n d e n t, s tu d e n ts d id n o t w r ite th e m in to th e ir s c r ip ts o r u s e d th e m in th e ir o r a l s p e e c h . O n e o f th e m a jo r ta s k s te a c h e r s f a c e d in c o n s u lta tio n tim e s w a s h e lp in g s tu d e n ts a d d n e c e s s a r y d is c o u r s e m a r k e r s to th e ir s p e e c h s c r ip ts s u c h a s r a n h o u ( th e n ) , e r q ie ( m o r e o v e r ) , jiu s h is h u o ( th a t is to s a y ) , q is h i ( a c tu a lly ) , e tc . M o r e o v e r , C h in e s e c o u r s e s n e e d to te a c h s tu d e n ts p r a g m a tic d is c o u r s e k n o w le d g e in a d d itio n to s tr u c tu r e k n o w le d g e . S tu d e n ts in N e w Z e a la n d a r e n o t ta u g h t to u s e C h in e s e p r im a r ily f o r o r a l c o m m u n ic a tio n . B e c a u s e L 2 p r a g m a tic s is te a c h a b le a n d in s tr u c tio n in it d o e s m a k e a d if f e r e n c e in s tu d e n t o u tp u t, s tu d e n ts m u s t k n o w h o w to m a k e th e ir s p e e c h s o u n d “ p o lite ” a n d in lin e w ith n o r m s o f th e n a tiv e la n g u a g e c u ltu r e . I f in a lly le a r n e d to a d d a n o p e n in g a n d c lo s in g to m y p r e s e n ta tio n b y s a y in g s o m e th in g lik e ( H e llo , e v e r y o n e ) a n d O t i ( T h a n k y o u ) . F o u n d th is c o u r s e s tim u la tin g , r e la ta b le , a n d th e c o n te n t I f e e l c o n f id e n t to b e a b le to u s e in m y d a ily u s e o f C h in e s e . M y C h in e s e f r ie n d s s a id I h a v e b e c o m e m o r e p o lite . T h e r e w a s a lo t o f e f f o r t p u t in to e n s u r in g w e w o u ld le a v e th e c o u r s e w ith k n o w le d g e to g e t u s th r o u g h liv in g in C h in e s e s o c ie ty . D u r in g th e m o c k p r e s e n ta tio n , o n ly 5 o u t o f 3 0 s tu d e n ts in c o r p o r a te d a n o p e n in g a n d e n d in g to th e ir p r e s e n ta tio n s . M o s t o f s tu d e n ts s ta r te d a n d f in is h e d th e ir s p e e c h e s r a th e r a b r u p tly . T h o u g h th e c o u r s e h a s p r o v id e d s a m p le s o f g o o d s p e e c h tr a n s c r ip ts w h ic h h ig h lig h t th e f u n c tio n a l d is c o u r s e , s tu d e n ts ’ p r a g m a tic a w a r e n e s s r e m a in s lo w . P r a g m a tic s in s tr u c tio n is th e r e f o r e im p o r ta n t, a n d th e r o le it p la y s in p r o m o tin g L 2 p r a g m a tic d e v e lo p m e n t is w o r th m o r e e m p ir ic a l in v e s tig a tio n . (4) Empowered students’ participation in L2 community T h e “ T E D x U o A C h in e s e ” h a s e m p o w e r e d s tu d e n ts to f u lly p a r tic ip a te in a L 2 s p e a k in g c o m m u n ity . T h is s ty le o f a u th e n tic a s s e s s m e n t h a s th e a b ility to c o m b a t th e p h e n o m e n o n o f “ T a ll P o p p y S y n d r o m e ” - a c u ltu r a l e x p e r ie n c e th a t s p e c if ic a lly o c c u r s in N e w Z e a la n d ( N e w Z e a la n d H e r a ld , 2 0 1 3 ) . W ith in th is c u ltu r e , p e o p le f e a r b e in g m o r e Published by EngagedScholarship@CSU, 7 Submission to Chinese Language Teaching Methodology and Technology w e a lth y , s u c c e s s f u l, o r g if te d th a n th e ir p e e r s - a n d th is h a s m a d e s tu d e n ts m o r e r e lu c ta n t to d e m o n s tr a te th e ir ta le n ts a n d s k ills in f r o n t o f th e c la s s . A s a r e s u lt, N e w Z e a la n d s tu d e n ts a r e o f te n f o u n d to b e u n w illin g to c o m m u n ic a te o r s tr u g g le to s p e a k . U n lik e s tu d e n ts in A s ia a n d A m e r ic a , s tu d e n ts in N e w Z e a la n d a r e id e n tif ie d a s “ s h y ” , “ q u ie t ” a n d “ tim id ” . A s s o m e s tu d e n ts e x p la in e d a s f o llo w s . E x p e c ta tio n s in h e r e a r e lik e w e w a n t p e o p le to b e a ll th e s a m e , r a th e r th a n e x c e l. Y o u d o n 't w a n t to m a k e o th e r p e o p le f e e l b a d . W e a ll k in d o f k n o w th e a n s w e r s , b u t w e d o n ' t w a n t to b e th e o n e to a n s w e r it. T h is c u ltu r e is in f a c t q u ite r e p r e s s in g o f s tu d e n ts ’ p e r s o n a l d e v e lo p m e n t, a n d d e tr im e n ta l to th e ir L 2 le a r n in g e x p e r ie n c e . W ith th is T E D c o n f e r e n c e , s tu d e n ts f e lt th e y d id n o t h a v e to c o n f o r m to th e n o r m s o f th e ir lo c a l c u ltu r e . T E D is g o o d . I t m a k e s m e f e e l I ’ m h e r e to s h a r e id e a s n o t to im p r e s s th e te a c h e r s . K e e p p u s h in g ! E v e n th o u g h h a l f th e c la s s d o n 't k n o w h o w to c o p e w ith th is n e w id e a a n d j u s t d o it. I t ’ s s o b e n e f ic ia l f o r u s . T h e y c o u ld d e m o n s tr a te th e ir b r illia n t id e a s in f r o n t o f th e c la s s w ith o u t th e f e a r o f b a c k la s h . T h is n e w f o r m a t o f s p e a k in g te s t h a s e m p o w e r e d s tu d e n ts in th is c u ltu r e to s p e a k th e ir m in d s . M o r e r e s e a r c h s h o u ld b e d o n e o n th e c u ltu r e o f le a r n in g n e e d e d to f u r th e r e n g a g e N e w Z e a la n d s tu d e n ts in to le a r n in g C h in e s e . Conclusion T h e im p le m e n ta tio n o f th is in n o v a tiv e a p p r o a c h to im p r o v e s tu d e n ts ’ m o tiv a tio n in s p e a k in g C h in e s e h a s m a d e s o m e p o s itiv e a n d s u s ta in a b le im p a c ts o n s tu d e n t le a r n in g . N o t o n ly h a s it e f f e c tiv e ly e n g a g e d s tu d e n ts in a u n iv e r s ity la n g u a g e c o u r s e , b u t it h a s a ls o r e d u c e d th e ir f e a r o f p a r tic ip a tin g in s p e a k in g a c tiv itie s in f r o n t o f c la s s a n d h a s d e v e lo p e d th e ir p r e s e n ta tio n s k ills f o r p o te n tia l jo b m a r k e ts . T h r o u g h o u t th e c o u r s e a n d th e p r e p a r a tio n f o r “ T E D x U o A C h in e s e ” , it is e v id e n t th a t s tu d e n ts ’ m o tiv a tio n f o r u s in g C h in e s e h a s s ig n if ic a n tly im p r o v e d , th o u g h n o t q u a n tita tiv e ly m e a s u r e d . T E D x U o A C h in e s e is a n in n o v a tiv e p e d a g o g y w ith a n e n g a g in g a s s e s s m e n t m e th o d . M u ltim e d ia h a s m a d e th is a s s e s s m e n t f o r m a t a u th e n tic a n d m e a n in g f u l. P a r tic ip a tin g in th is ty p e o f o r a l a s s e s s m e n t f o r m a t r e q u ir e s s tu d e n ts to g iv e p r e s e n ta tio n s th a t m a tte r s to th e m . I n s te a d o f f o c u s in g m e r e ly o n g r a m m a r a n d v o c a b u la r y , m o s t s tu d e n ts ta lk e d a b o u t th e ir d a ily liv e s , in tr o d u c in g n e w c o n c e p ts a n d c u ltu r a l p h e n o m e n o n p o p u la r a m o n g th e y o u n g e r ( W h y e a tin g b r o a d c a s t g e ts p o p u la r ? ) , jfr g e n e r a tio n s . T o p ic s in c lu d e d ft A □ ( W h y c u te a n im a ls a lw a y s m a k e y o u w a n t to ta k e a b ite ? ) , ( S tr a n g e h a b its o f C h in e s e N e w Z e a la n d e r s ) . K n o w in g th a t th e y w e r e d o in g a T E D ta lk th a t n e e d e d to e n g a g e th e ir a u d ie n c e , s tu d e n ts w o r k e d o n th e ir to p ic a n d c o n te n t c a r e f u lly , w h ic h e n c o u r a g e d a c o n te n t e n tr e p r e n e u r s h ip . I n C h in a , th e d ig ita l a g e h a s e n te r e d in to a n a g e o f ‘ c itiz e n jo u r n a lis m ’ . I n C h in e s e , W e M e d ia , a b u z z w o r d b a s e d o n th e C h in e s e z i m e iti, o r “ s e lf - m e d ia ” h a s d e v e lo p e d . A s th e ‘ s e l f s u g g e s ts , th e te r m r e f e r s to c o n te n t p r o d u c e d b y c o m m o n m e d ia u s e r s w h o o p e r a te o u ts id e o f th e tr a d itio n a l m e d ia in d u s tr y . O u r a d v a n c e d C h in e s e le a r n e r s n e e d th e a b ility to https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cltmt 8 Wang: Motivating Students to Talk by TED Conference p a r tic ip a te in th is s e lf - m e d ia e r a . C h in e s e p r o g r a m m e s n e e d to in te g r a te th e s p ir it a n d s k ill o f b e in g a c tiv e in C h in e s e s o c ia l m e d ia , p a r tic u la r ly in a d v a n c e d C h in e s e c o u r s e s . F o r te a c h e r s a n d r e s e a r c h e r s w h o a r e in te r e s te d in f u r th e r d e v e lo p in g th is a p p r o a c h , h e r e a r e a f e w s u g g e s tio n s . F ir s t, th is a p p r o a c h w ill o p e r a te b e tte r w ith s m a lle r g r o u p s o f s tu d e n ts . H a v in g 3 0 s tu d e n ts in o n e s p e a k in g c o u r s e h a s c a u s e d lo n g e r w a itin g tim e s f o r e a c h s tu d e n t to g e t f e e d b a c k . S e c o n d , s c a f f o ld in g is e s s e n tia l f o r s tu d e n ts to e f f e c tiv e ly in te g r a te th e ir k n o w le d g e o f C h in e s e a n d s k ills o f p r e s e n ta tio n in to th e ir ta lk . S u f f ic ie n t p r e p a r a tio n tim e is a ls o r e q u ir e d to e n s u r e th a t th e T E D c o n f e r e n c e r u n s s m o o th ly f o r a ll s tu d e n ts . T e a c h e r s w ill n e e d to e n s u r e th a t e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s P o w e r P o in t, s o u n d s y s te m , v id e o - r e c o r d in g , p r o g r a m m e , n a m e ta g s , s e a tin g a r r a n g e m e n ts a n d s o o n a r e a ll in o r d e r . F in a lly , m u c h h a r d w o r k a n d tim e h a s to b e s p e n t o n b u ild in g s u c h a k n o w le d g e - s h a r in g c u ltu r e a m o n g s tu d e n ts . I t is n o t o n ly h e lp f u l f o r th e m to b e c o m e b e tte r e n g a g e d in th e le a r n in g a n d u s in g o f C h in e s e , b u t a ls o f o r c r e a tin g lo n g - la s tin g m e m o r ie s o f ta k in g o n c h a lle n g e s a n d m a k in g c h a n g e s to g e th e r a s f r ie n d s . References A n d e rso n , C . (2 0 1 6 ). 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