green buildings journey

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 1.1 Introduction to the Dissertation: Architecture is not a modern phenomenon. It began as soon as the early cave man began to build his own shelter to live in. Man first began to create and fix his own shelter when he stepped out from the natural habitat of dense jungle covers. With the artistic faculties of man awakened in the search for larger and better-sheltered spaces, he began to build, with inherent aesthetic sense, shelters that seemed pleasing to the eye. Thus emerged architecture which is a combination of needs, imagination, capacities of the builders and capabilities of the workers. Naturally, the emergence and decay of great empires and dynasties in the sub-continent, each in their way influenced the growth and shaped the evolution of Indian architecture. External influences have also shaped the nature of Indian architecture and so has the influence of different regions of the country which gives new revolution to the architecture. There were Indian architects behind this change of architectural style or era. Hence to understand that change it become necessary to study the philosophies and style of Architects. 1.2 Aim: The main aim is the idea of studying and critically analyzing his work in accordance to the climate and culture of the country. This endeavor not only allows us to explore into the thought procedure and ideology of the architect but it also allows to understand many underlying whys and wherefores. Through this endeavor I will comprehend the multilayered thought procedure that goes in the building of a landmark. Studying a structure in context of its site, space, and culture, the idea is to understand the architect‘s vision and how successfully it had been translated into tangible reality. 1.3 Objective: The main objective of the dissertation is to study and analyze the work of AR. ANUPAM BANSAL  To study how with the help of different forms and material give their buildings a landmark which also mixes with the environment and site surroundings.  A thorough study of the architect‘s work through case studies and studies published in journals. Analysis and observation of his projects in reference to the architect’s philosophy.  To study one of his detailed project so as to understand his planning approach  To understand modern techniques used by him  To recognize various aspects of going with green building ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008) B.ARCH III (SFS) 1 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 1.4 Rationale: India experiences rapid urbanization and energy demand soars, constructing energysmart buildings in the country’s expanding cities is more important than ever. Unreliable transmission, escalating electricity rates, frequent blackouts and highly polluting sources of electricity compound the energy problem and hurt businesses’ bottom line. In such critical condition it becomes necessary to go for green architecture. Rajesh Dongre and Anupam Bansal (ABRD Architects) has done many successful projects on such issues and won the awards. Hence to understand his vocabulary, AR. ANUPAM BANSAL was one of the perfect example. 1.5 Scope:  Literature study to analyze his work  Design concept utilized in Alliance Francaise.  Design concept of green building  Architectural Style “ Daylight with Less Heat” 1.6 Limitation:  The study will be limited up to two projects  Alliance francaise de delhi will be studied in terms of planning  Only the basic technique involve in Spectral Consultancy  No service Detail ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008) B.ARCH III (SFS) 2 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 1.7 Methodology: ASIFANWAR(16BAT1008) B.ARCH III (SFS) 3 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL CHAPTER 2 AR. ANUPAM BANSAL ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 4 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 2.1 A Brief: Anupam bansal graduated from the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi in 1993. After gaining valuable professional experience, he joined Joseph Allen Stein’s office, earned their master in Urban Design. It was in 1996 when he with rajesh dongre established ABRD Architects Pvt. Ltd. ABRD partnered with Architect Stephane Paumier from 1998 to 2007, thereby doing several significant projects like the French Resource Centre at Aurangzeb Road, French Institute of Pondicherry, French Trade Commissioners Residence at Sunder Nagar etc. This association also resulted in them winning the design competition for Alliance Francaise de Delhi in 2001. AR. ANUPAM BANSAL Personal Info AR. ANUPAM BANSAL In 2007 they went on to complete the Corporate Head Office for Spectral Services Pvt. Ltd.- one of the first Date of Birth: 16th Jan 1971 LEED Platinum Rated Green Buildings in India. The same year they won the competition for design of New Laboratory Complex for National Centre for Biological M.Arch Urban Design SPA New Delhi 1997-99 Sciences- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore. Recently, ABRD Architects in association with Sanjay Thapa and Biresh Shah of Archiplan, Nepal B.Arch won the competition for South Asian University Campus School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi, India (1988-93) at Maidangarhi, New Delhi. CoA No. CA/94/17290 Certain common idea are recognizable in their built and unbuilt works. Their projects illustrate a process of design where the void assumes primacy over the solid as a generator of the central idea. Thus the open/ public space acts as the structuring element. The ‘light cylinder’ of Spectral, ‘adda’ of NCBS and ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 5 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL the ‘SAARC Vanya’ at SAU reiterate this emphasis. Further, ABRD believe architectural solutions are the result of an overlap of site, program & typology. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 6 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 2.2 Philosophy: “Think global, act local” He, along with Ar. Anupam Bansal, founded ABRD Architects in 1996 with the objective of providing architectural and urban design services. The practice focuses on developing site, technology and program appropriate solutions for each project. Projects developed in the studio are a result of an extensive research and analytical process. Norms and established modes are put into constant questioning to arrive at a suitable typological model. Sustainability is an attitude and technology is a tool According to him, “sustainability is an attitude and technology is a tool” and that a building can be made sustainable with a use of very low technology. This is the fundamental of a green building. Sustainability should include certain parameters like good public space, which itself reflects the efficiency of the building in terms of human performance which is equally necessary for human health, environment and so on. Integrate the building with the nature and site As per his philosophy “integrate the building with the nature and site”. For this you have to go with green. But definitely going with green is a good idea but few green buildings will not make a significant change. So preferably we should practice green architecture 2.3 Techniques: Energy Efficiency Measures used and the Sustainability Factor a) Orientation/Placement of the Building The building can be angled in a way such that the direct rays of the sun do not fall directly on the façade of the building – or falls on the minimum possible surface area of the building. In this way one can reduce the amount of heat the building absorbs – and as the energy required to cool the building is inversely proportional, we can, therefore save energy in this process. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 7 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL b) Passive Thermal Cooling: As in the case of Alliance Francais – terrace gardens have been used to keep the buildings insulated (passively) from the hot sun heating down the building and a buffer of green shrubs and trees can be cultivated to give the building a green and cool ambience. c) Climatologically Complementary Design While the architect mostly works with cubes, it would be pertinent here to note that the scale, angle, placement and the openings in these cubes vary. For example – in Alliance Francais there is a combination of 4 major cuboids. These cuboids are placed in such a manner that a corridor is created linking the various parts of the building and allowing for the air flow – but because of the superimposing block, the sun glare doesn‘t reach the corridor, keeping it pleasant and cool. e) Elements High technology and high craft – one of the phrases coined by the architect finds expression in Alliance Francaise and the Pergola. The presence of solar panels and rain water harvesting make the building sustainable. Also, by creating pavilions – and terrace gardens, the architect has managed to create a self-sufficient microclimate with the help of some active and mostly passively induced features in the building. d) Materials used Innovative use of materials that are ideally suited for a certain climatological zone. For example, the use of Dholpur stone in alliance Francaise is locally available and doesn‘t get heated too easily or the use of aluminium in the French commissioner‘s residence and Aluminium structural glazing in Alliance Francaise reflect back most of heat and keeps the building cool as well as gives the building a contemporary look. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 8 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL CHAPTER 3 Alliance Francaise de, Delhi ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 9 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL Alliance Francaise de, Delhi Function: Indo-French Cultural Centre Location: Lodhi Estate,Delhi Client: Embassy of France, India 3.1 A Brief: Area: 2312 The French Alliance of Delhi (AFD) is a FrancoIndian cultural center specializing in the teaching of Requirement: Should Reflect the strength of the indo-French unity the French language, organization and reception of cultural events. Its building with bold architecture, glass, concrete and aluminum, is due to young architects, Stephan Paumier, Rajesh Dongre and Anupam Bansal. Awarded the Silver Medal of the French Academy of Architecture in 2005, it is unusual to integrate two gigantic trees and thus integrate harmoniously into its surroundings, a few dozen meters from the famous botanical gardens Lodi. The roof is equipped with solar panels providing the Image 1 Alliance Francaise de, Delhi Source: Author electricity supply in case of power failure. With 2850 square meters of area, Delhi French Alliance has its own auditorium (named after his patron, ML Bhartia) with a capacity of 112 seats, an art gallery (Galerie Romain Rolland ), library -médiathèque and cafeteria Alliance française de Delhi was formally established on 30 June 1956, on the initiative of Mr Ghulam Naqshband, following a proposition made by Claude Journot, then Cultural Counsellor with the French Embassy. In 1948 an Indo-French house (“Maison francoindienne”) had already been created and gathered a small number of Francophiles from the ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 10 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL intellectual elite of the capital. This structure had its name changed into “Cercle français” in 1952 and organized film projections, exhibitions and musical programme as well as an annual gala which was very much “en vogue”. Alliance Française de Delhi is registered under India’s Societies Registration Act, XXI of 1860. It is an Indian non-for-profit organization, both legally and financially independent from its mother institution, the Fondation Alliance française. in Paris. AFD is funded through its students’ admission fees, the revenues its Translation cell generates, the receipts from its gallery’s and auditorium’s booking and its members’ subscriptions. Like a small number of Alliance française Centres throughout the world, AFD is given further support by the Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes, which puts a number of French public servants at its disposal, namely a director, an academic director and a library director. Alliance française de Delhi is also actively supported by the French Embassy in India. 3.2 Location The Building stands on the Plot No. 72 of Lodi Estate, NewDelhi – 1100031. The new city was conceived on two ideas: the imperial city with monumentality and planted boulevards, and the concept of the city as an extensive garden, the garden-city. I Location Map, Source: https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Alliance+Francaise+de+Delhi Map 1, Location Map, Source: Google Map ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 11 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 3.2.1 Landmarks The building stands in Lodi estate which is one of the prominent planned areas of Delhi. This area houses several landmarks –some very prominent buildings of Delhi –both architecturally and for what they represented. The buildings in its vicinity are Icannexe, World wild federation (WWF), India Habitat Centre , India Islamic Centre, Chinmaya mission and Intach. Each of these buildings are architectural expressions of upcoming local modern characters. The Site is very rich in terms of cultural Activities, Image 2, IHC, Source: Author 3.3 PHILOSOPHY AND FEATURES Amalgamation of Indian with the European The concept talks of the amalgamation of Indian with the European. So there is one common platform with various blocks placed on the platform. The huge space frame that spans over the building is taken from the European contemporary architecture. Indian architecture comes into play in the form of large blocks of dholpur stone and the large mandana stone plinth. The layered roof is in accordance to French spirit of acceptance of bold and unconventional the plinth layer promotes the Indian phenomenon of living and working outdoors and the philosophy of multiplicity and Coexistence of many things at the same time and space. Traditional Indian jaali has been used with some modification. The glass façade is the modern interpretation of jaali. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 12 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 3.3.1 LAYERS IN PLANNING The whole structure is divide into three layers. The top layer consist of the pergola. The middle layer has basic building block divided into three floors. The third and the bottommost layer is at the plinth level which has open court and art gallery including service areas. The top Layer of roof, Middle Layer of Built Form, and Bottom Layer of Plinth Source: ABRD Architects, Pvt. Ltd. 3.3.2 FOCAL POINT The tree has been used as the focal point of this design – it forms the visual focus at the time of the entry and defines the scale of the building. As the architect has designed in frames – snapshots, the tree becomes prominent in all of them. 3.3.3 CLIMATIC ASPECTS The aligning of the building blocks, the retaining of the tree, the use of space frame which acts like an umbrella in the long run and the choice of materials like the Image 3, Early Sketches, Source: ABRD sandstone are all due to the consideration given to the climatic aspect of design. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 13 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL A perforated aluminium sheet is sealed between two glass panels to make a sandwich which blocks harsh sunlight and cuts down UV penetration by 40-60% 3.3.4 CUBISM While there is no admission from the architect, it would seem that the building is inspired from Cubism as an architecture form. The structure consists of a whole which has been broken down in to separate blocks. 3.3.5 MATERIALS USED Sandstone – in keeping with what is locally available and what suits the area the building is being built in; both climatically and the general character of the area the building was being built. Glass – the sculpture house is fully a glass structure. It adds to the effect the building has on the viewer, giving it a sense of transparency. The use of glass is judicious as the sculpture is meant to be like a glass bowla display panel rather than a work shop. Polymer – It has been used in the space frame. It adds to the contemporary feel of the building, at the same time making The louvers are made up of fiber reinforced vinyl sheets Image 4, Truss, Source: ABRD a space frame of that scale viable. Steel – used in the space frame. 3.4 ZONING: Cultural – comprises of the auditorium which sinks beneath the ground level, the sculpture house which is actually a display area for arts and crafts and the cafeteria which sits on the ground floor level, behind the auditorium complex, opening to the a facsimile of the Indian verandah. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 14 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL Administrative – the ground floor, left to the alley way, created to give a very sober ambience. Educational – the classrooms and the workshops that sit on the first floor of the structure. The library is the distinctive grey block with an abundance of windows. It sits at the top of the structure and overlooks the admittedly beautiful site surrounding. It also opens in to terrace garden. 3.5 Drawings Ground Floor Plan Source; ABRD, ARCHITECTS PVT LTD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Office Office AHU Projetore room Photocopy Teachers room Classroom Classroom Classroom Terrace garden Library 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Meeting room Auditorium (144) Stage Green Room Café Lift Kitchen Electrical Room Toilet Classroom ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 15 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Reception Meeting room Auditorium (144) Stage Green Room Café Lift Kitchen Electrical Room Toilet Classroom Office Office Ahu Projetore room Photocopy Teaxhers room Classroom Classroom Classroom Terrace garden Library Source: ABRD Architects, Pvt. Ltd. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 16 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 3.5.2 Sections: Source: ABRD Architects, Pvt. Ltd. 3.6 PROJECT ANALYSIS Set up in the midst of high level commission buildings near the central Delhi, building asks for its character to be modern and one of its own kind. This character has been achieved very well by the architect by working in different levels in terms of planning and by using different materials in terms of structure. Being a semi educational building it demands simplicity and functionality in the planning. Which in my opinion is achieved very well by the architect. Segregating spaces like library, auditorium, exhibition hall in different levels but keeping them in the same zone makes it very interesting. For a person approaching the building it becomes very easy to understand the zoning of spaces as standing on the entrance ramp all the 3 spaces can be seen together but at different levels. The vinyl louvered space frame is a modern type of space frame added by the architect which defines the form of the building and complements ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 17 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL it. Large spanning rooms supported on coffer slabs and even the well internal services and interiors of the building complements the simple and modern form of the building. Image Source: ABRD Architects, Pvt. Ltd. Source: ABRD Architects, Pvt. Ltd. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 18 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL CHAPTER 4 SPECTRAL SERVICES CONSULTANTS, NOIDA ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 19 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 4.1 Introduction: As India India is one of the experiences rapid urbanization and world’s top 10 energy energy demand soars, consumers, and growth constructing energy- is expected around 6% smart buildings in the annually over the next country’s expanding few cities Indian companies are is more important than ever. India’s energy demand could more than double by 2027 from 2014 according levels, to Planning Commission1. the years. However, working to cut energy consumption. Spectral The Services Consultants Corporate Office in Noida, India, achieves over 36% energy savings mainly by providing daylight to occupants throughout the day without gaining heat from the sun Image 5, AECOM, Source: Author Source: Author Building Name: at a Glance Building Spectral Services (Now AECOM) Location: A-193 SECTOR 63, Noida, India Size: 16,000 ft2 Started: 2006 Completed: 2007 Use: Corporate office for 150 staff members Cost: $1.1 million Distinctions: LEED-NC Platinu Architect: ABRDArchitects 1 Government of India, Planning Commission, (2013) “12th Five Year Plan” ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 20 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 4.2 Brief: Unreliable transmission, escalating electricity rates, frequent blackouts and highly polluting sources of electricity compound the energy problem and hurt businesses’ bottom line. To handle this projected growth sustainably, energy efficiency offers a huge opportunity to cut costs, save energy and build clean energy resources. By building smart from the start, business owners can reap energy and cost savings that also increase worker satisfaction and productivity as well as boost property values. Spectral Services headquarters (now AECOM Building Engineering Group), an everyday office building in Noida that makes an extraordinary business case for energy efficiency—reaping energy savings for the life of the building through measures that paid for themselves within the first four years. The Legacy-Spectral building, constructed in 2007, shows that greener, energy-saving buildings are practical and profitable in India’s rapidly transforming building market and provides Image 6, Interior AECOM Source: ABRD 4.3 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) LEED, or Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design, is a green building certification program that recognizes best-in-class building strategies and practices. Certification Level  Certified: 40–49 points  Silver: 50–59 points  Gold: 60–79 points  Platinum: 80 points and above Image 7, Location Map Source: Google Map ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 21 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 4.4 DESIGN CONCEPT The brief of the project called for the creation of a Green Office Building for Spectral Services Consultants who have always played an important role in the advocacy of Green Buildings. The LEED certified Platinum Green Building has been designed as per features specified by U.S.G.B.C. The project proposes to superimpose harmoniously High technology and High craft in order to create a conducive microclimate for indoor activities and at the same time interaction of the interiors with surroundings in a synergetic way. 4.5 Building Envelope To accomplish the day lighting strategy, the building faces north-south, the optimal orientation for a building on the Indian subcontinent. Heavy glazing on the north and south façades brings natural light into the space. In addition, recessed windows with fins for shade cut down on direct solar heat gain on the west façade, which receives the most direct sunlight. The wall to window ratio, optimized at 22.5%, maintains a balance between heat ingress and daylight harnessing. Windows are hermetically sealed low-e double glass with a 0.33 shading coefficient and 60% visible light transmissivity. External walls are made of 8 in. thick autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, backed by 25 mm closed cell rubber insulation. This results in a U-value of 0.077 Btu/h·ft2·°F. Roof surfaces are provided with 3 in. thick extruded polystyrene, covered partly with glazed white tiles and high solar reflectance paint2 Source: ABRD Architects, Pvt. Ltd. 2 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 22 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 4.5.1 Harnessing Sunlight: Despite the hot and humid climate, the 16,000 ft2, fivefloor office building provides daylight at a 250 – 350 lux level throughout the day without gaining heat from the sun. More than 75% of the building’s interior is daylight, and 90% of occupants enjoy outside views. The building site and most parts of northern India receive more than 300 days of bright sunshine annually. On most working days, the sun provides sufficient light so that electric lighting is switched off during operation hours3. A large atrium extends over all floors of the building. A south- inclined (15 degrees to horizontal4) skylight encompasses the entire atrium. Because the sun moves southward for the majority of the day, the skylight, also called the light catcher, plays an important role in daylight harnessing. To minimize heat from direct sunlight, the light catcher has permanently inclined louvers of dull aluminum metal. By blocking direct sunlight throughout the day, the louvers reduce air-conditioning loads and glare on workstation computers. The louvers’ angle was computer simulated to study year-round performance. 4.5.2 Indoor Air Quality A high level of indoor air quality is maintained by monitoring indoor CO2 levels and controlling the fresh air quantity injected into the space by modulating fresh air dampers. The fresh air quantity is 30% higher than recommended5. Recovering energy from the bathroom and atrium exhausts precools the fresh air. Electrostatic precipitators with MERV 13 efficiency combined More than 75% of the building’s interior is daylit. High performing Building Fall 2008 High performing Building Fall 2008 5 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. 3 4 ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 23 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL with prefilters with MERV 6 efficiency on all air-handling units ensure a dust-free indoor environment. The air-conditioning system, besides providing a dust-free environment to occupants, closely controls indoor temperature and relative humidity levels. Each air-handling unit in the building is provided with an ultrasonic humidifier and electrical heater installed within the supply air duct. The building’s management system runs the entire operation, maintaining indoor temperature and relative humidity between 23°C and 25°C and 40% to 60% respectively. In addition, all air-handling units can execute a complete air-side economizer cycle for free cooling of the indoors during fair weather6. 4.5.3 Energy Saving Measures and Materials Based on the simulation, the building team implemented efficiency measures in almost all areas of the building, including efficient windows, building envelope, air conditioning, air distribution, electrical distribution system, lighting and daylighting. The majority of energy efficient products were readily available throughout India. 4.5.4 Characteristics of the Efficient Windows7: Light well in the center of the building and placement windows to maximize the potential for daylighting and views. Since the window wall ratio was designed for 22.5 percent, nearly 75 percent of the office space is lit by natural light and allows for the lights to be turned off, saving energy during much of the day. Natural light and views have been shown to increase worker productivity and longevity too. Optimized lighting basement day in the through atriums and ground reflection, which reduces the lighting energy use in the basement Image 8, Source: NRDC 6 Diffused Basement Lighitng http://www.nrdc.org/international/india/files/energy-saving-construction-legacy-spectral-CS.pdf 7 Edwards, L. et al, NRL, “A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants” (2002) http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/30769.pdf. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 24 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL Recessing windows to reduce heat from direct sunlight through the windows and to block solar radiation, installing “fins” on the west façade blocks and adding an exterior shading system to keep heat from entering the building. Efficient window glass to optimize daylight and cooling has a solar heat gain coefficient of 0.33 and visual light transmittance of 0.48, allowing less heat but more light to come into the building. 4.5.5 Characteristics of the Building Envelope Efficient walls allow 75 percent less heat to transfer into the building than a conventional building. The wall consisted of 20 mm of stone cladding, a 225 mm thick autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block, 25 mm of nitrile rubber, and 12 mm gypsum board. White roof that allows 40 percent less heat into the building than a conventional building. The roof was made from a 100 mm roller-compacted concrete (RCC) slab, 75 mm thick pieces of extruded polystyrene insulation, and high albedo paint with a reflectivity better than 0.45. The 4.5.6 Characteristics of the Air Conditioning System: Efficient 72-ton screw chiller with a coefficient of performance (COP) of 4.48 that continuously compresses the refrigerant that cools water for the air conditioning system. Cooling towers with a variable frequency drive on the roof which help to improve indoor air quality. 4.5.7 Characteristics of the Air Distribution System8 Air handling unit (AHU) for each floor with a variable frequency drive to reduce the energy used under reduced load, equipped with a humidification/ dehumidification package for occupant comfort. 8 http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/energy_efficiency_ improvements_in_commercial_buildings_project_document.pdf ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 24 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL Variable air volume (VAV) boxes that adjust to reduce cooling load variations and hence use less energy at lower loads High efficiency motors and fans to distribute air and air-side economizers. Month Modeled Energy Use Actual Energy Use in September 2007 October 2007 November 2007 December 2007 January 2008 February 2008 March 2008 April 2008 May 2008 Ventilation system that uses 30 percent more fresh air than American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers Two stage Minimum in kWh 22,510 20,252 17,460 17,392 17,544 15,345 18,509 19,715 22,751 kWh 17,492 14,243 10,399 8,386 4,490 15,501 16,724 21,332 20,473 Efficiency Reporting Value -13(MERV-13) filters to remove air contaminants before entering occupied areas and carbon dioxide sensors to signal the distribution system to add more fresh air when rooms are highly occupied. 4.5.8 Performance Data The baseline yearly electrical energy demand for the building, ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA per Standard 90.1- 2004, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, is 394,196 kWh (25 kWh/ft2 per year) and the predicted actual annual energy demand for the building is 242,086 kWh (15 kWh/ ft2 per year). The building achieves 38.6% electrical energy savings over the Standard 90.1 base building. Actual performance is even better, as seen in the energy table. The average monthly energy bill is ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 25 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL $2,500. This is less than half of the bill at Spectral’s previous offices, which were well-designed conventional buildings. 4.5.9 Zero Water The Spectral Office is a zero water discharge building with 100% rainwater harvesting where rainwater is discharged through wells into underlying aquifers. An in-house 10,000 Lsewage treatment plant has been installed for waste and soil. Because there are no municipal sewage mains in the area, the plant is essential and helps in recovering the treated water for gardening, air-conditioning cooling towers makeup and flushing. Municipal water intake is 6500 Lper day. The sum of gray and black water generated in the building is 5554 Lper day, which is sent to the plant. The treated water from the plant is apportioned 4700 Lper day for cooling tower makeup, 1620 Lper day for flushing and 854 Lper day for gardening. The solids will be pumped out of the plant annually and used as manure9. 4.6 Drawings: ` Source: ABRD Architects, Pvt. Ltd. 9 High performing Buildings Fall 2008 ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 26 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 4.6.2 ELEVATION Source: ABRD Architects, Pvt. Ltd. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 27 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 4.6.3 SECTION Source: ABRD Architects, Pvt. Ltd. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 28 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 4.7 BUILDING MATERIALS: Building Material choices are important in sustainable design because of extensive network of extraction, processing and transportation steps required to process them. Activities to create Building Material may pollute the air and water, destroy natural habitats and deplete natural resources. Reuse of existing Building materials is one of the most effective strategies for minimizing environmental impacts. Another effective way can also be the reuse of salvaged interior components. Recycled Content materials reuse waste products that would otherwise be deposited in landfills. Use of Local Materials not only supports local economy, it also reduces transportation costs. Recycled Content: A large proportion of the Building materials is post- consumer or postindustrial recycled content. 1. The masonry construction has been done using AAC Blocks that have fly ash (almost 55%) as the basic raw material. 2. MDF used in Loose and Fixed Furniture uses 80-85% rapidly renewable materials such as branches of eucalyptus, shuttering waste, carpentry and wooden waste from the market. 3. The Broken China Tiles used for the Terrace Flooring have been purchased from the Local Recycling Agents and are 100% recycled. 4.8 Blending with Nature ATRIUM SPACE- FOR INDOOR DAY LIGHTING The main Design intension has been to achieve an unconventional Building Form to avoid a Box- Like strategy imposed by the Bye-Laws. One of the most prominent features of the Building is that almost 85%of the Interior Spaces are Daylit. The Central Atrium also keeps the Indoor Public Areas well lit throughout the day. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 29 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL Chapter 5 Contribution to Indian Architecture ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 30 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL 5. CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN ARCHITECTURE: He won the international competition for the Alliance Francaise de Delhi in 2001 in collaboration with Stephane Paumier. This strengthened the long-standing association which helped realize several projects like south Asian university and spectral service consultancy, Noida. And secure the 2nd prize for the open national competition of Minto Hall Convention Center, Bhopal etc. The practice focuses on developing contextual skills for each project. Since its establishment, the firm has conceived and realized many notable projects like National Centre for Biological Science, Bangalore, South Asian University which is an award winning projects. Restoration of Gole Market at is one of his achievement. Making of projects entails long studies of the context of site, history of the region and technical knowledge for physical realization of desires, forms and spaces. It is the process of going through all these essentials systematically and bringing an order which help develop each project individually and tend to its needs. The organization explores all the opportunities that come with a site and the program to ascertain a strong design concept. With each project, new constructional and structural techniques are evolved, local materials are discovered and worked upon. Structure being the most important of any project is always dealt with high sensitivity. The organization believes that the structural solutions can not only support the building but also lend an aesthetic idiom to it. The clarity in structural solutions always reveals the simplicity and order of thoughts on which the foundations of a project stand. The office brings local craft of construction in play along with the latest technological & material development advancement for the benefit of an ecologically responsive design. It gives credit to the existing local constructional techniques, local materials and traditional spatial planning. This provides ABRD architects with a good base of knowledge to develop something new and experimental in the spaces, techniques or materials. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 31 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL The concept of Think Global and Act Local: In his interview he says “If we take Zaha Hadid building and draw inspiration from it, it will almost difficult to execute in India because of its cost, non-availability of materials and techniques. So in order to make such innovations we have to think according to the environment and locally available material. Concept of “Going with Green” One green building will not resolve all the environment issue. He is doing on green architecture and blends the building the nature. Again sticking to his above statement practicing green architecture. Making a trend for green Architecture. Considering the case of francaise alliance, NCBS, Bengaluru, Spectral Service Consultancy, Noida all building blend with nature. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 32 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL CONCLUSION ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 33 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL Conclusion: Ian McHarg in his enormously successful book Design with Nature, published in 1969, argues that: “If one accepts the simple proposition that nature is the arena of life and that a modicum of knowledge of her process is indispensable for survival and rather more for existence, health and delight, it is amazing that how many apparently difficult problems present a ready solution”. The key to architectural sustainability is to work with, rather than against, nature; to sensitively exploit and simultaneously avoid damaging natural systems. Architectural sustainability mirrors the view that it is necessary to position human activities as a non-damaging part of the ongoing ecological landscape, with a belief that ‘nature knows best’. Any green building architect should identify places with intrinsic suitability for agriculture, forestry, recreation and urbanization. Designing with nature at a building level is about recognizing sun paths, breezes, shade trees and rock formations that can be used to create something that people can inhabit comfortably, while recognizing that natural features such as trees, animal tracks, habitats and natural drainage systems must be ‘protected’. Thus both the building and the ‘component’ of nature are sustainable. By adding rainwater collection, reed beds for sewage and perhaps wind or solar power for electrical energy, the building can be independent of imported service and exported waste, keeping its environmental footprint within the footprint of the site. The final archetypal visual image is one of an isolated, self-sufficient building dominated by its surrounding landscape. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 34 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL INTERVIEW ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 35 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL On the Conceptualizing of Alliance Françoise The Alliance Françoise had requirement to look both European and Indian - so the building consists of various blocks resting on one plinth, which is a very Indian concept and a huge space frame which is very European. The lines of the building blocks and the placement of these blocks on the common platform with verandahs and open squares is very Indian. At the same time through the use of glass and the space frame the building gets a very contemporary European look. On the Ecological aspect of the building We used high technology to make the efficient. Apart from retaining the existing natural character of the site – in this case the tree – technology like the use of the solar panels. Louvers to control the light, strategically placed trees and optimum use of glass were used. The orientation of panel is done in such a way that in winters when sun is low you have direct sun in you terrace and in summer when the sum is high, it gets reflected – there is no direct sunlight. By this way you control the climate. This is high technology for the service of ecology. About Working in India as opposed to the rest of the world In India, we have lots of juxtaposition of time – like people living and doing things of different time… what I‘m saying is that the way they do things could be 500 yrs old, 200 yrs old or today‘s time – this means that in the same city people are living in different eras; like in Old Delhi, people are having the kind of life, with certain modifications, that they had 500 yrs ago and at the same time you have a very modern Delhi coexisting with it. So it seems so extreme. At one point in history, we have many histories that coexist together. So here in India, you can build a building which is very intensive in terms of craft and yet at the same time high tech. I don‘t think that this combination of things is there in many places of the world because usually, as in the case of the western world one system is replaced by another. You don‘t have the coexistence of things that one sees here in India. So this is the main difference in India – you can work at different periods of time at the same time here. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 36 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL Approach towards Spatial Planning: The first step is that one should understand the requisition that has been put forward to build a structure. You have to basically understand what the needs of the project are. But that is not enough. One then has to , through reading books, through internet, understand the typology of architecture – which is a good auditorium, which is a bad auditorium, which is a good library, where does one keep books, how does one enter a public building …these are all your life experiences. It is about you going to the buildings, visiting places, being physically there and understanding whether you like or not and why it is working well. So it is all your personal experiences about visiting places and through reading – not just text but also section and the plan…make sketch sheets out of them. Sketch a lot and try to create your own library of forms a library of typology. Unless you do that you can‘t be an architect. Because as an architect you have to relate things you visit to the things you create. On Integrating the Building with Nature and the Site It is the sensitivity, when you physically go to visit a site, you need to understand its level, its requirements and the sequence of ideas that come to your mind. You must be able to go back home and create a storing box of your views and ideas. That is what you understand by the term architecture. It is not merely facades and plans—it is like a series of views, very much like a story book. You must be able to plan space. Planning space does not only mean making separations‘, passages—you must make it visual. You visualize it in a three-dimensional form. You must be able to stand inside a building and visualize what you plan for it. It is a process you to get acquainted with as a student and continue to learn after. It is a continuous process. When you have studied a site enough, you should have an intuition, which will dictate you to make your building in a certain manner. When you are working on a small project, it is okay to look at a site, determine its setbacks and accordingly, create a building. But when you work on bigger projects, the site must tell you where your building should be. You must be able to weave things; you must spend time in understanding where the water is flowing, where the wind and sun comes from, the direction in which the site is to be approached and where your building should be. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 37 INDIAN ARCHITECT: AR. ANUPAM BANSAL BIBLIOGRAPHY     Architecture + Design, Vol XVIII, Jan – Feb, year2000 SPA Design Forum www.spadesign.co.in Government of India, Planning Commission, (2013) “12th Five Year Plan”  High performing Building Fall 2008  ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. ASIF ANWAR(16BAT1008 B.ARCH III (SFS) 38