COMPLICATIONS AND KEYS TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

2017

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a socioeconomic activity that entails with solid waste generation. Management of municipal solid waste is a national problem and is faced in all the cities of India. Urbanization contributes enhanced municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and unscientific handling and final disposal of MSW degrades the urban environment and causes health hazards. Various collection systems engaged by the municipalities collect less than half of the total waste generated. As a result, wastes are either scattered in urban centres or disposed of in an unplanned manner in low lying areas or open dumps, or fired by the residents in their backyards. Insufficient collection and inadequate have made the situation exasperating due to which various environmental and health related issues are increasing. Keeping in mind of the present situation, the current paper reviews about municipal solid waste management system in the country and initiative to be taken by education instituti...

The present study represents that the waste generation rate in Indian cities ranges between 200-870 grams/day, depending upon the region's lifestyle and the size of the city. The study also shows that the per capita waste generation is increasing by about 1.3% per year in India. Cities in Western India were found to be generating the least amount of waste per person, only 440 grams/day, followed by East India (500 g/day), North India (520 g/day), and South India. Southern Indian cities generate 560 grams/day, the maximum waste generation per person. States with minimum and maximum per capita waste generation rates are Manipur (220 grams/day) and Goa (620 grams/day).

An increasing urbanisation, population growth, and economic expansion are generating a mounting quantity of solid waste in many developing countries. Solid waste management is one of the critical problems in India. Currently, more than 100 million tonnes of solid waste have generated from various sectors in India. Per capita waste generation from 0.2 kg to 0.6 kg from varies depends on household and economic size of the Indian population. This paper has provided detail analysis of the status of solid waste generation, management, challenges and solution for solid waste management sector in India. Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change has revised solid waste management rules 2016. The new rule has been implemented in all municipalities and other local bodies. The policy implication of the study is better solid waste management services in local, regional and national level in India.

Inernational Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 2018

A solid waste management (SWM) system includes the generation of waste, storage, collection, transportation, processing and final disposal. India is the second largest nation in the world, with a population of 1.21 billion (census 2011), accounting for nearly 18 percent of world"s human population, but it does not have enough resources or adequate system in place to treat its solid wastes. Its urban population grew at a rate of 31.8 percent during the last decade to 377 million, which is greater than the entire population of US. India is facing a sharp contrast between its increasing urban population and available services and resources. Solid waste management is one such service where India has an enormous gap to fill. Proper municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal system to address increasing amount of waste is absent. Improper solid waste management deteriorates public health, causes environmental pollution, accelerates natural resources degradation, causes climate change and greatly impacts the quality of life of citizens. Therefore, in this research work an attempt has been made to analyze the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation rates in different urban centers in India and also to study the effect of economic growth and changing lifestyle on composition and generation of MSW in India. This research work is mainly descriptive in nature and simple statistical tools have been used.

Solid waste refers to refuse the solid semi solid waste matters of a community except the night soil . Solid waste contains organic as well as inorganic matters . Solid waste management includes the entire process of dealing with solid waste ,starting from the collection from the primary source to ultimately disposing off it hygienically, so that it may not be a nuisance or create any harmful effect on nearby community .The solid waste management involves , management at waste generation level , storage at the source of generation , primary collection , street cleansing , temporary storage at locality level , regular and periodic transportation of this temporarily collected waste to disposing sites and treatment plants. The per capita waste generation rate is strongly correlated to the gross domestic product (GDP). Waste generation rate in Indian cities ranges between 200 - 870 gms/day, based on the lifestyle of the regions and the size of the municipality. Generation rate per capita waste is rising by about 1.3% per year in India. The hierarchy of waste management recognizes that reducing the use of materials and reusing them to be the friendliest to environment. Source reduction begins by means of reducing the amount of waste generated and reusing materials to prevent them from entering the waste stream. Thus, waste is not generated until the end of “reuse” stage.

2017

Industrialization becomes very significant for developing countries like India having large number of population. Rapid increase in urbanization and per capita income lead to high rate of municipal solid waste generation. In recent times, E-waste and plastic waste also contribute considerably to total waste stream due to utilization of electronic and other items. These wastes may cause a potential hazard to human health or environment if any of the aspects of solid waste management is not managed effectively. In India, approach towards Solid waste management is still unscientific. Solid Waste collection efficiency in India is around 70% (Sharholy et al. 2007), while same is almost 100% in the developed countries. Even today, large portion of solid waste is dumped indiscriminately on outskirts of towns or cities without any prior treatment. This leads to groundwater contamination and increase in air pollution due to leachate percolation and release of gases respectively. Various stud...

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol, 2015

Management of municipal solid waste is a global problem and is faced by all developing countries. The rapid pace of increase in population, economic growth, urbanization and industrialization is coupled with accelerated solid waste generation. In most of the developing countries wastes are either scattered in urban centers or disposed off unplanned in low lying areas or open dumps. The lack of infrastructure for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of solid waste, proper solid waste management planning, insufficient financial resources, technical expertise and public attitude have made the situation exasperating due to which several environmental and health related problems are increasing. Though, there are many negative issues related to solid waste, it also provides many opportunities that not only mitigates its negative impact but also helps in meeting the demand for energy and employment generation as well as in soil health improvement. Keeping in mind the present situation the current review was planned with the objective to overlook the challenges and opportunities faced during urban solid waste management in developing countries like India.

International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 2017

Government of India in recent past took a number of proactive initiatives in the form of changes in policies, institutions and management mechanisms to address the problem of municipal solid waste management. Despite these changes, results are believed to be less than expected ones. Increasing economic growth is bound to generate more wastes and managing these wastes needs both budgetary and technical resources. In view of scarcity of resources, there is thus a need for a paradigm shift in the approach to solid waste management in India. Among other things, this requires a thorough and dispassionate understanding of the gravity of the situation and a critical diagnosis of the response measures. Though underlying issues are to a large extent same across continents, countries, cities and municipalities, yet some issues are specific in this context. Thus, both commonalities and specificities have to be discerned and analyzed. It is against this background that the present paper is designed to present an overview of the existing municipal solid waste management practices from the global to national and national to local level perspectives in reference to the Indian cities. Particular emphasis has also been laid on to assess the overall solid waste generation and management services practiced by the Indian municipalities. Besides these, various legal, institutional and policy issues relating to urban solid waste management in the Indian context have also been reviewed to strengthen the argument in favour of the need for efficient solid waste management services for the Indian cities. It can be observed from the literature review that despite a number of positive initiatives taken by India in recent years, the state of the urban solid waste management is still far from a satisfactory level and there is thus an urgent need to address the issue by involving residents, private sector players and non-governmental organizations along with civic authorities.

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022

Considering the geo-ecological sensitivity, the Himalayan urban centres are seriously struggling to design useful and economical municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems. The Srinagar is the first metropolis and fastest growing city of Western Himalayas and here the management of MSW is a big challenge for local authorities. The aim of this study was to study the overall scenario of MSW in the city. A comprehensive survey was conducted and data were also collected from local municipal department. The results suggested that in most of cases MSW is being dumped openly along roadsides and open spots in the city. Open dumps are responsible for so many negative environmental impacts in the study area. The paper presents the current status of municipal solid waste generation and disposal practices, and different sort of environmental problems arising out of it. Major problems identified include land and water pollution, inadequate technical know-how, shortage of sweepers and collection bins, non-availability of sanitary landfill, uncontrolled disposal of solid waste by people, lack of public awareness, etc. a comprehensive survey of the whole city revealed that biodegradable/ compostable food waste was the major constituent of municipal solid waste (MSW) stream followed by inert material and recyclable materials including polythene, plastic, cardboard and paper. Most of the solid waste generated was found to remain unattended and only 40-45% was being collected that too irregularly by municipal workers and unscientifically disposed off at a dumping ground located in the buffer zone of Anchar Lake, around 8 km north of Srinagar city. Irregular and selective waste collection was the major force behind disposal of solid waste in water bodies, roadsides and open spaces by the people. The study reveals that due to lack of funding and unscientific management the existing solid waste management system is not working successfully in the city. Due to shortage of storage bins, collection efficiency is very low which has severely damaged the environmental condition and also induces to stray dog population phenomenally. The acute absence of waste segregation at the source all types of materials are being disposed along with municipal solid waste which make waste handling very risky especially dumping and disposal points. The lack of governance and inadequate infrastructures for waste collection, transportation and management are the major constrains in designing a suitable MSW management plan for the city. Apart to that unplanned urban settlement and encroachments are also responsible for poor waste collection and disposal system.

Architecture Engineering and Science , 2024

Given India's rapidly expanding population, densely populated cities, varied cultural backgrounds, shifting dietary preferences, and changing lifestyles, municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has been an ongoing issue in recent years. As a result, towns have been dealing with a wide range of additional problems pertaining to the disposal, handling, and collection of solid waste. Improper management of municipal solid waste may lead to detrimental impacts on the environment, hazards to public health, and other socioeconomic issues. With the goal of assisting researchers and the relevant authorities in creating more efficient plans, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of municipal solid waste management in India. This paper also examines the present scenario, major obstacles and future prospects of solid waste management in urban areas of India.