Pengantar Bisnis

02-Sep-19 CHAPTER 1 Taking Risks and Making Profits within the Dynamic Business Environment McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2015 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the relationship between profit and risk, and show how businesses and nonprofits can raise the standard of living for all. 2. Compare and contrast being an entrepreneur and working for others. 3. Analyze the effects of the economic environment and taxes on businesses. 4. Describe the effects of technology on businesses. 1-2 2 1 02-Sep-19 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 5. Demonstrate how businesses can meet and beat competition. 6. Analyze the social changes affecting businesses. 7. Identify what businesses must do to meet global challenges, including war and terrorism. 8. Review how past trends are being repeated in the present and what those trends mean for tomorrow’s college graduates. 1-3 3 SAMMY HAGAR Entrepreneur • Has juggled a long music career with lucrative businesses. • Started investing while in his first band. • Opened the Cabo Wabo Cantina in 1990 and has since increased the brand. • Donates large amounts to help feed the hungry. 1-4 4 2 02-Sep-19 NAME that COMPANY Just before Christmas 2013, hackers stole more than 110 million credit card numbers from this retailer’s computer system requiring all customers to monitor activity on these accounts and or get new credit cards. The company’s profits fell nearly 50% for the quarter. Name that company! 1-5 5 GOODS and SERVICES LO 1-1 • Goods -- Tangible products such as computers, food, clothing, cars and appliances. • Services -- Intangible products (that can’t be held in your hand) like education, healthcare, insurance, recreation and travel. • Successfully filling a market need means you could make money for yourself and provide jobs for others. 1-6 6 3 02-Sep-19 BUSINESS and ENTREPRENEURSHIP LO 1-1 • Business -- Any activity that seeks to provide goods and services to others while operating at a profit. • Entrepreneur -- A person who risks time and money to start and manage a business. • Success in business is often based on the strategy of finding a need and filling it. 1-7 7 REVENUE, PROFIT AND LOSS LO 1-1 • Revenue -- The total amount of money a business takes in during a given period by selling goods and services. • Profit -- The amount of money a business earns above and beyond what it spends for salaries and other expenses. • Loss -- Occurs when a business’s expenses are more than its revenues. 1-8 8 4 02-Sep-19 RISK LO 1-1 • Risk -- The chance an entrepreneur takes of losing time and money on a business that may not prove profitable. • Not all businesses make the same amount of profit. • Businesses take risks, but with great risks could come great profit. 1-9 9 HOW is TAX MONEY USED? LO 1-1 Taxes are used to provide: • Hospitals • Schools • Libraries • Playgrounds • Roads • Fire Protection • Police Protection • Environmental Programs • Support for People in Need 1-10 10 5 02-Sep-19 STANDARD of LIVING LO 1-1 • Standard of Living -- The amount of goods and services people can buy with the money they have. • The U.S. has one of the highest standards of living in the world. • Workers in other countries may make more money, but prices for products are higher. Photo Credit: Walmart Stores 1-11 11 QUALITY of LIFE LO 1-1 • Quality of Life -- The general well-being of a society in terms of its political freedom, natural environment, education, healthcare, safety, amount of leisure and rewards that add to personal satisfaction. 1-12 12 6 02-Sep-19 STAKEHOLDERS LO 1-1 • Stakeholders -- All the people who stand to gain or lose by the policies and activities of a business and whose concerns the businesses need to address. • Who are Stakeholders? - Customers - Employees Stockholders Suppliers Dealers - Community Members - Media Elected Officials Bankers Environmentalists 1-13 13 STAKEHOLDERS LO 1-1 1-14 14 7 02-Sep-19 OUTSOURCING and INSOURCING LO 1-1 • Outsourcing -- Contracting with other companies (often in other countries) to do some of the firm’s functions, like production or accounting. • Insourcing -- Foreign companies opening offices and factories in the United States. 1-15 15 NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS LO 1-1 • Nonprofit Organization -- An organization whose goals do not include making a personal profit for its owners or organizers. 1-16 16 8 02-Sep-19 WELL-KNOWN NONPROFITS in the UNITED STATES LO 1-1 United Way American Heart Association Salvation Army American Cancer Society American Red Cross 1-17 17 KEEPING STRONG EMPLOYEES at NONPROFITS LO 1-1 1. Set ambitious, but realistic goals. 2. Allow all employees to work with the groups they are serving. 3. Give employees a break. Nonprofit work is draining. Source: Fast Company, accessed October 2014. 1-18 18 9 02-Sep-19 TEST PREP • What is the difference between revenue and profit? • What is the difference between standard of living and quality of life? • What is risk? How is it related to profit? • What do the terms stakeholders, outsourcing and insourcing mean? 1-19 19 THE UPS and DOWNS of ENTREPRENEURSHIP LO 1-2 The UPS The DOWNS The freedom to succeed. The freedom to fail. Make your own decisions. No paid vacations. High possibility of wealth. No health insurance. Hire your own staff. No daycare. 1-20 20 10 02-Sep-19 HOW a FOOD TRUCK HELPED REBUILD a STORM-STRUCK COMMUNITY • After witnessing the destruction left behind after Hurricane Sandy, Mike Diamond started Rockaway Plate to serve free lunches. • Now the truck is a profitable business that helps local teens gain work experience. 1-21 21 WHO TAKES the ENTREPRENEURIAL CHALLENGE? LO 1-2 • Millions of people have started businesses and succeeded. • The number of Hispanicowned businesses in the U.S. has grown dramatically. • Women now own over one-third of all businesses. 1-22 22 11 02-Sep-19 WOMEN in the WORKFORCE LO 1-2 1-23 Source: Bloomberg Businessweek, accessed October 2014. 23 FIVE FACTORS of PRODUCTION LO 1-2 • Entrepreneurs use what they’ve learned to grow their businesses and increase wealth. 1-24 24 12 02-Sep-19 TEST PREP • What are some of the advantages of working for others? • What benefits do you lose as an entrepreneur, and what do you gain? • What are the five factors of production? Which ones seem to be the most important for creating wealth? 1-25 25 WHAT is the BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT? LO 1-3 1-26 26 13 02-Sep-19 GOVERNMENT’S ROLE in BUSINESS LO 1-3 Government can promote business by… 1.Minimizing spending and keeping taxes and regulations to a minimum. 2.Allowing private ownership of businesses. 3.Minimizing interference with the free exchange of goods and services. 4.Passing laws that enable businesspeople to write enforceable contracts. 5.Establishing a currency that’s tradable in world markets. 6.Minimizing corruption. 1-27 27 CORRUPTION WORLDWIDE Least Corrupt Most Corrupt 1.Denmark 2.New Zealand 3.Finland 4.Sweden 5.Norway 1.Somalia 2.North Korea 3.Afghanistan 4.Sudan 5.South Sudan LO 1-3 Source: Transparency International, October 2014. 1-28 28 14 02-Sep-19 ETHICS BEGINS with YOU The number of employees calling in sick has reached a five-year high. 3/5 of all callers were not even sick. Others conduct personal business at work, play video games and check their Facebook pages while at work. What is the problem with this situation? What are the alternatives? What are the consequences of each alternative? What path would you choose? Is it ethical? 1-29 29 BENEFITS of TECHNOLOGY LO 1-4 • Technology -- Everything from phones to copiers and the various software programs that make businesses more effective, efficient and productive. • Effectiveness -- Producing the desired result. • Efficiency -- Producing goods and services using the least amount of resources. • Productivity -- The amount of output you generate given the amount of input (example: hours you work). 1-30 30 15 02-Sep-19 CONNECTING COMPANIES with GLOBAL FREELANCERS • Since the Great Recession, freelancers are more important than ever before. • Freelance employees don’t even have to live in the same country as their employers. • Elance is taking advantage of this development with its over 8 million registrants. 1-31 31 E-COMMERCE LO 1-4 • E-Commerce -- The buying and selling of goods online. - B2C: Business to Consumer - B2B: Business to Business 1-32 32 16 02-Sep-19 CYBER ATTACKS on BUSINESSES LO 1-4 • 80% of cyber attacks involve weak passwords. • Since 2012, there has been an 8% increase in malware attacks with an average loss of $92,000! • Since 2012, there has been a 125% increase in social media phishing attacks, stealing over $1 billion from businesses. • 29% of security breaches are hackers pretending to be you and resetting your passwords. 1-33 Source: Inc., January 2014. 33 DATABASES and IDENTITY THEFT LO 1-4 • Database -- An electronic storage file for information. • Identity Theft -- The obtaining of individuals’ personal information, such as Social Security and credit card numbers, for illegal purposes. Photo Credit: Jack Spade 1-34 34 17 02-Sep-19 PROTECT YOURSELF from IDENTITY THEFT LO 1-4 Follow these steps to help protect yourself: • Protect your Social Security Number. • Shred financial documents and items with personal information. • Don’t give out personal information unless you know whom you are dealing with. • Use strong passwords. • Never click links in suspicious emails. • Monitor your credit report. 1-35 Source: Federal Trade Commission, www.ftc.gov accessed October 2014. 35 USING EMPOWERMENT to COMPETE in TODAY’S MARKET LO 1-5 • Customers want quality products at a good price with excellent customer service. • Because business is more customer-driven, some managers give frontline employees more decisionmaking power. • Empowerment -- Giving frontline workers the responsibility, authority, and freedom to respond quickly to customer requests. 1-36 36 18 02-Sep-19 DEMOGRAPHY LO 1-6 • Demography -- The statistical study of the population in terms of size, density and characteristics like, age, race, gender and income. 1-37 37 DEMOGRAPHY of the U.S. by AGE Source: U.S. Census Bureau, www.census.gov, accessed October 2014. LO 1-6 1-38 38 19 02-Sep-19 CURRENT DEMOGRAPHY of the U.S. by RACE LO 1-6 1-39 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, www.census.gov, accessed October 2014. 39 PROJECTED DEMOGRAPHY of the U.S. by RACE in 2050 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, www.census.gov, accessed October 2014. LO 1-6 1-40 40 20 02-Sep-19 U.S. POPULATION CHANGES LO 1-6 • Diversity has grown from just recruiting minority and female workers. • Population shifts are creating opportunities for some and limiting others. • Growth of single-parent households have encouraged businesses to implement programs such as family leave and flextime. 1-41 41 WHO WILL SUPPORT SOCIAL SECURITY? LO 1-6 Number of Workers per Retiree Source: U.S. Census Bureau, www.census.gov, accessed October 2014. 1-42 42 21 02-Sep-19 WHAT is DIVERSITY? LO 1-6 • The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission prohibits laws discriminating against: - Age - Disability - Genetic information - National origin - Pregnancy - Race - Religion - Sex 1-43 43 IMPORTANT CHANGES to the GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT LO 1-7 1. Growth of global competition. 2. Increase of free trade among nations. 3. Development of efficient distribution systems. 4. Advances in communication systems. 1-44 44 22 02-Sep-19 INCREASING COSTS of the GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT LO 1-7 • Wars cost billions of dollars. • Tax money is diverted. • Cost of security goes up. • Cost of insurance goes up. 1-45 45 GOURMET AIRPORT EATERIES TAKE FLIGHT • Airport restaurants have more regulations than traditional spots. • People are likely to spend more when travelling. • This has led to more gourmet restaurants popping up in airports. 1-46 46 23 02-Sep-19 GLOBAL GREENING LO 1-7 • Climate Change -- Movement of the temperature of the planet up or down over time. • Greening -- Trend toward saving energy and producing products that cause less harm to the environment. • Many companies like GE, Coca-Cola, British Airways and Shell are adopting green practices. 1-47 47 TEST PREP • What are four ways the government can foster entrepreneurship? • What is the difference between effectiveness, efficiency and productivity? • What is empowerment? • What are some of the major issues affecting the economy today? 1-48 48 24 02-Sep-19 The EVOLUTION of BUSINESS LO 1-8 Agriculture Era Manufacturing Era Service Era Information-Based Era 1-49 49 The AGRICULTURAL ERA • In the 1800s, the agricultural industry led economic development. • Technology, like the harvester and cotton gin, changed the farming industry making it more efficient. • This led to fewer farmers with larger farms. LO 1-8 1-50 50 25 02-Sep-19 The MANUFACTURING ERA • LO 1-8 Industrialization in the 19th and 20th centuries moved jobs from farms to factories. • As technology improved productivity, fewer workers were needed in factories. 1-51 51 The SERVICE ERA LO 1-8 • Make up over 70% of the U.S. economy. • Since the mid-1980s, the service industry generated almost all the increases in employment. • More high-paying jobs in service industries. 1-52 52 26 02-Sep-19 The INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ERA • LO 1-8 IT affects: - Agriculture - Industry - Service 1-53 53 TEST PREP • What major factor caused people to move from farming to manufacturing and from manufacturing to the service sector? • What does the future look like for tomorrow’s college graduates? 1-54 54 27