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2007, Journal of Health Population and Nutrition
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5 pages
1 file
AI-generated Abstract
Parasitic infections from intestinal helminths and protozoa significantly impact human health, particularly in developing countries. Helminths like Ascaris and Trichuris cause chronic health issues rather than acute mortality, while protozoa such as Giardia and Entamoeba histolytica lead to severe diarrheal diseases. The burden of these infections necessitates improved sanitation and access to effective treatments, such as albendazole for helminths and metronidazole for protozoa, alongside efforts to develop vaccines.
Journal of Health Education Research & Development, 2016
Intestinal parasitic infections are among the major diseases of concern to public health throughout the world (WHO, 1987). About 25% of world's population suffers from one or more kinds of intestinal parasitic infections (helminthes/protozoa). Children because of their complex nutritional requirements and less developed immune systems are observed to be the principal sufferers of these parasitic infections (Scrimshaw, 1994). Moreover they have an extremely delicate physiology which can result in severe upsetting of their biochemical and physiological processes associated with these infections. Intestinal protozoan parasites can affect children in a variety of ways; they cause mal-absorption, reduced growth, increased risk for protein energy malnutrition, reduced psychomotor development and anaemia. This report addresses Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Entamoeba as the main parasitic protozoa of concern among children worldwide.
Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 1990
conducted parasitological/biomedical surveys in every major island in the Indonesian archipelago. Even smaller islands such as Nasi and Beras off of Sumatra and Beeuw off of Irian Jaya are represented in these studies. These activities were aimed to update and provide new information on the prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites as well as other infectious agents. These surveys were done in collaboration with the Directorate General of Communicable Disease Control and Environmental Health (CDC&EH), universities and other health Infection with soil transmitted helminths is more prevalent. Among them, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris Izcrttbricoides and hookworm were the most commonly found helminths in these studies'-25. The rate for T tichiura in Irian Jaya was among the highest encountered (83%)". Ascaris lui?tbricoides was more or less equally distributed between males and females throughout all age groups'597, while hookworm was more common among males than females 23-7 and more prevalent in the older age groups
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010
Paripex Indian Journal Of Research, 2020
Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, has a worldwide distribution and is of public health significance in many developing countries. It has a fecal-oral transmission cycle and is most prevalent in developing countries in regions where substandard sanitary conditions exist due to poverty. Saharsa town is the headquarter of Koshi Division of Bihar lying in koshi belt witnesses higher percentage of incidence of intestinal parasites. The town has no drinking water supply and people mostly use drinking water from low-deep hand pump. The perennial water logging in mohallas, insanitary disposal of human excreta and use of drinking water from low-deep hand pumps prevailing in the town favours the infestation of intestinal parasites.
Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2013
Background. The intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are globally endemic, and they constitute the greatest cause of illness and disease worldwide. Transmission of IPIs occurs as a result of inadequate sanitation, inaccessibility to potable water, and poor living conditions. Objectives. To determine a baseline prevalence of IPIs among children of five years and below at Webuye Health and Demographic Surveillance (HDSS) area in western Kenya. Methods. Cross-sectional survey was used to collect data. Direct saline and formal-ether-sedimentation techniques were used to process the specimens. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square statistics were used to analyze the data. Results. A prevalence of 52.3% (417/797) was obtained with the male child slightly more infected than the female (53.5% versus 51%), but this was not significant ( 2 = 0.482, > 0.05). Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica were the most common pathogenic IPIs with a prevalence of 26.1% (208/797) and 11.2% (89/797), respectively. Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) were less common with a prevalence of 4.8% (38/797), 3.8% (30/797), and 0.13% (1/797) for Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, and Trichuris trichiura, respectively. Conclusions. Giardia lamblia and E. histolytica were the most prevalent pathogenic intestinal protozoa, while STHs were less common. Community-based health promotion techniques are recommended for controlling these parasites.
Background. Parasitism is a relationship where one, the parasite, harms the host or lives at the expense of the host. Intestinal parasites (protozoa and STHs-soil-transmitted helminths) cause gastrointestinal tract infection in humans and animals. Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) predominate the tropics and subtropics and affect poor countries, where school children suffer the most. To prevent and control these infections, local risk factors must first be identified. e aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among school children in Jaragedo town schools, South Gondar Zone of Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to April 30, 2019, involving 396 students from one elementary and one secondary school. Stratified simple random sampling method was used. A questionnaire was prepared to collect sociodemographic and socioeconomic data of the study subjects. Stool samples were collected and examined using formalin-ether concentration technique. Data were analyzed using SAS software version 9.4. Descriptive statistics were used to give a clear picture of population characteristics. Logistic regression was also used to determine the relationship between dependent variables (primary infection) with independent (explanatory) variables using SAS software. Results. Results showed that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 65.4%. E. histolytica was the most prevalent intestinal parasite (12-14%) followed by G. lamblia (8-9%); other parasites could not infect more than 5% of the study subjects. Generally, parasitism did not vary between the sexes. e logistic regression analysis showed that grade, level of students, water source, habit of consuming raw meat, and level of income had a strong effect on intestinal parasitic infection (P < 0.05). Other explanatory variables were not significant (P > 0.05). High prevalence of parasites indicates improper disposal of waste, low socioeconomic level, low living standard, and poor water quality. Conclusion. erefore, short-term and long-term intervention strategies are required to minimize rates of infection.
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
2010
Parasites found in the human gastrointestinal tract can be largely categorized into two groups, protozoa and helminths. The soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura) are the most prevalent, infecting an estimated one-sixth of the global population. Infection rates are highest in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Asia and then Latin America and the Caribbean. The current momentum towards global drug delivery for their control is at a historical high through the efforts of numerous initiatives increasingly acting in coordination with donors, governments and local communities. Together, they have delivered enormous quantities of drugs, especially anthelmintics to children through nationwide annual or biannual mass drug administration largely coordinated through schools. However, a much larger and rapidly growing childhood population in these regions remains untreated and suffering from more than one parasite. Mass drug administration has profound potential for control but is not without considerable challenges and concerns. A principal barrier is funding. Stimulating a research and development pipeline, supporting the necessary clinical trials to refine treatment, in addition to procuring and deploying drugs (and sustaining these supply chains), requires substantial funding and resources that do not presently exist. Limited options for chemotherapy raise concerns about drug resistance developing through overuse, however, satisfactory pharmacoepidemiology and monitoring for drug resistance requires more developed health infrastructures than are generally available. Further, the †Author for correspondence, Graduate Group in Demography, limited pharmacopeia does not include any effective second-line options if resistance emerges, and the research and development pipeline is severely depressed. Herein, we discuss the major gastrointestinal protozoa and helminths reviewing their impact on child health, changing epidemiology and how this relates to their control.
Trabajo presentado para el área de Metodología de Estudio sobre las principales Teorías del aprendizaje enfocadas en cinco autores VICENTE VARGAS DOCENTE UNIVERSIDAD SAN BUENAVENTURA -SECCIONAL CARTAGENA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA, ARQUITECTURA, ARTE Y DISEÑO PROGRAMAS DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA Y MULTIMEDIA CARTAGENA, MIÉRCOLES 10 DE AGOSTO 2016 CONTENIDO Pág.
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